1、,Unit 19 Language,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,GrammarNoun Clauses & Impersonal Report Structures,PART 1,语法导学,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题,(一),1.在主从复合句中起名词作用的句子叫 从句。名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 主语从句如句 ；宾语从句如句 ; 表语从句如句 ；同位语从句如句 。 2.名词性从句用 语序。,查看答案,名词性,1,4,3,5,7,4,6,2,陈述,(二),3.句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”是 结构。that引
2、导的实际上是一个 从句，it为形式主语。这个句型是用来 ，如句 。 4.“Itbe过去分词that从句”可与“ ”进行同义句转换。如句 。,查看答案,非人称转述,主语,转述人们的一般认识或说的话,1,Sb. /Sth. be过去分词to do,2,一、名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是由if，whether，that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。在句中引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 从属连词：that，whether，if； 连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which，
3、whichever； 连接副词：when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however。,1.主语从句 在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。 (1)that引导主语从句时，在句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接作用，不能省略；whether在从句中也不充当任何成分，但表示疑问含义；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，起连接作用，又在句中充当句子成分。 That there is adequate water in the cities is important for the industry. 城市有充足的水对工业来说很重要。 Whether t
4、he film Shadow would be popular was unknown to him. 电影影是否会受欢迎，他并不知道。,What one thinks and feels is mainly due to tradition，habit and education.(WhatThe thing which/that) 一个人的思想和感情主要归因于传统、习惯和教育。 Where you went yesterday has nothing to do with me. 你昨天去了哪儿与我无关。 Whoever breaks the law deserves a fine. 违法
5、者应予以罚款。 (2)that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语从句放在句末。 Its no surprise that he should have won the prize. 他本来就应该赢得奖品，这并不惊奇。,2.宾语从句 在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。 (1)连接代词what，who，whom，which等在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 Do you know who directed the TV play Like a Flowing River? 你知道谁导演了电视剧大江大河吗？ (2)连接副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。 T
6、he stranger asked where he could buy this medicine. 这个陌生人问在哪里可以买到这种药。,(3)that，if，whether引导宾语从句。that没有实际意义，可以省略；if和whether表示“是否”，不能省略。 He asked me whether she was coming. 他问我她来还是不来。 (4)it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于后面，这类动词有find，feel，consider，make，believe，hate，take，owe，have等。 I have made it a rule that I run for 2
7、kilometers every morning. 我已经养成习惯，每天早晨跑2公里。 (5)介词后接宾语从句。 The new book is about how tomatoes are planted. 这本新书是关于怎样种植西红柿的。,(6)在某些形容词后也可接宾语从句。这类形容词有sure，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised等。 I was surprised that my friend hadnt passed the exam.我很惊讶我的朋友没有通过考试。 (7)表示“命令、建议、意志、要求(如：command，order，suggest，
8、advise，insist，desire，demand，require，request)”等的动词，后面跟宾语从句时，从句谓语必须用should do，should可省略。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令命令部队即刻出发。,3.表语从句 在复合句中起表语作用的从句叫表语从句。表语从句通常位于连系动词的后面。 (1)that引导表语从句，表示一件事情，that只起到连接作用，不作任何成分，但是不能省略。 The problem is that I have lost my key to my house.
9、 问题是我弄丢了家里的钥匙。 (2)what引导表语从句。 My hometown is not what it was ten years ago. 我的家乡已经不是十年前的样子了。,(3)where，why，when，because，how，whether等引导表语从句。 This is where I worked with my parents one year ago. 这是我一年前和父母劳动过的地方。 (4)as if/though引导表语从句。 It seems as if/though he has seen the man before. 看起来好像他以前见过这个人。 (5)
10、主语是reason时，常用that而不用because引导表语从句。 The reason why he was late was that he had his bike broken. 他迟到的原因是他的自行车坏了。,(6)如果主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”。 My suggestion is that we (should) inform their parents about this. 我的建议就是把这件事情通知他们的父母。,4.同位语
11、从句 在复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句，该类从句进一步解释对应名词的内容。常见的接同位语从句的名词有：idea，fact，news，belief，hope，information，evidence，opinion，problem，truth，answer，proposal，theory，decision，discovery，thought，certainty，condition等。 (1)由连词that引导同位语从句，that不作成分，陈述中心词的内容。 The news that he has adjusted himself to the diet in Hunan has made
12、 his parents glad. 他习惯了湖南饮食的消息使得他的父母很高兴。,(2)由whether，when，how，why，who，which，what等引导同位语从句，可以表示疑问。 Well discuss the problem whether we get up at 630 or at 500. 我们将讨论我们是在630还是在500起床的问题。 I have no idea when they will discuss the theory. 我不知道他们将什么时候讨论这个理论。 I have no impression how he entered the hall. 他是
13、怎样进入大厅的，我没有印象。 The question why the weather is becoming drier and drier hasnt been answered. 为什么天气变得越来越干燥这个问题还没有得到回答。,The problem who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。 He hasnt solved the problem which university he should choose. 他还没有解决应该选择哪所大学的问题。 I have no idea what has h
14、appened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。 (3)同位语从句一般紧跟在同位词之后；有时因为谓语较短，为使句子平衡，也会把同位语从句放在后面，形成同位词与从句之间的隔离。 News came that our football team had won the match. 消息传来：我们的足球队获得了那场比赛的胜利。,二、非人称转述结构 1.概述 非人称转述结构是指句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”。that引导的实际上是一个主语从句，it为形式主语。这个句型是用来转述人们的一般认识或说的话。常用于此句型的动词有say，know，report，believe，claim，thi
15、nk，predict，hope等，意为“据”。 It is said that at least a score of buildings have been damaged or destroyed. 据说至少有20座楼房遭到破坏或被毁。 注意：若过去分词是suggested，ordered，required等表“建议，命令，要求”的动词时，从句须用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。 It has been suggested that the work (should) be started at once.人们已经建议立即动工。,2.用法 (1)“Itbe过去分词tha
16、t从句”可与“Sb. /Sth. (that从句的主语)be过去分词to do”进行同义句转换。 如果转述的动作与转述同时发生或之后发生，则不定式用一般式。 It is believed that they will finish the project on time.They are believed to finish the project on time. 大家相信他们会按时完成这项工程。 如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，不定式用完成式。 It is said that he went abroad two years ago. He is said to have gone abro
17、ad two years ago. 据说他是两年前出的国。,如果转述的动作此时正在发生，不定式用进行式。 It is said that he is making a new film now. He is said to be making a new film now. 据说，他现在正在拍摄一部新影片。 (2)“Itbe过去分词that从句”也可以变为“People动词that从句”。 It is said that the strange old man is a great artist. People say that the strange old man is a great a
18、rtist. 据说那个怪老头是一位艺术大师。,.用适当的连接词填空 1.Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body.(2019江苏) 2.Without his support，we wouldnt be we are now.(2018北京) 3.This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018北京) 4.The gold medal will
19、 be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018天津) 5.By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived.(2018江苏),查看答案,that,where,what,whoever,how,6.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing she was heading.(2017北京) 7.She asked me I had returned the books to the l
20、ibrary，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津) 8.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京) 9.It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. (2016江苏) 10.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is to
21、o much work to do.(2016天津),查看答案,where,whether/if,that,that,that,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. (2016全国，短文改错) 2.After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全国，短文改错),where,that,或After looking at t
22、he toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.,查看答案,查看答案,3.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt，tell your teacher immediately.(2014四川，短文改错) 4.That is which other teachers say.(2013辽宁，短文改错) 5.This is how I need to improve in the future. (2013大纲全国，短文改错) 6
23、.For a while my parents bought me new toys.But before long they began to see which was happening.(2012新课标全国，短文改错),what,what/where,what,7.Here is my idea about how a friend is like.(2010重庆，短文改错) 8.So if they had said was true，I would have a chance of winning the prize. (2010全国，短文改错),查看答案,what, with,P
24、ART 2,达标检测,当堂检测 基础达标演练,1.What made her angry was her son was often late for school. 2. her computer is out of order troubles her at present. 3.Along with his letter was his promise he would attend the meeting next week. 4.Every year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festiva
25、l. 5.Some people told stories about old times，and others wrote down they remembered.(2018东北三省三校高三二模),.单句语法填空,查看答案,that,That,that,whoever,what,6.I was really nervous and wondered she would actually find it. (2018江西百所名校高三联考) 7. parents are supposed to do is to create a friendly studying environment fo
26、r kids，and teach them to be an independent learner. (2018四川德阳高三一诊) 8.The local health organization is reported to (set) up twenty-five years ago. 9.It was ordered that all the soldiers (send) to the front. 10.It (require) in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your
27、e-mail account.,查看答案,if/whether,What,have been set,(should) be sent,is required,11.It is a pity you have missed such a wonderful game. 12.The reason why he speaks French fluently is because he used to live in France for a long time. 13.He made quite clear that he wouldnt change his mind. 14. If he w
28、ill come back tomorrow is unknown to us all. 15. What he had left the company made all of us very surprised.,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),that,Whether,查看答案, that, it,That,16.The bus I took was broken on the way.This was . 我乘坐的公共汽车在路上坏了，这就是我迟到的原因。 17.He didnt tell me . 他没有告诉我，我们什么时候会再见面。 18.This is our only requ
29、est . 我们唯一的要求是：这个问题尽快解决。 19. the reserve area is forbidden to hunt. 众所周知，这个保护区禁止打猎。,.完成句子,查看答案,why I was late,when we would meet again,that the problem (should) be solved as soon as possible,It is well-known/known to all that,20.He is said yesterday while shopping in the supermarket. 据说，他昨天在超市购物时被抢劫了。,查看答案,to have been robbed,
