1、,Unit 22 Environmental Protection,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,GrammarReporting & The Passive(),PART 1,语法导学,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 (一),语法感知,1.They claim that in the last 50 years，gases pumped into the Earths atmosphere by the factories and vehicles have been speeding up the process of global warmi
2、ng and affecting our climate. 2.Looking ahead，scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century. 3.Recent reports warned that global warming will cause terrible climate changes including more frequent flooding，heat waves and droughts.,4
3、.Many people believe that they are simply not prepared to sacrifice the amount of money they make from industry to save the Earth. 5.They suggest making small changes like taking public transport，recycling，using low-flow shower heads，and buying light bulbs that use less energy.,1.常见的转述结构之一是： ，如句14常用
4、的动词有claim，believe，warn等。 2. 也是常见的转述结构，常用的动词有suggest，admit等，如句5。,查看答案,动词that从句,动词doing,(二),1.One of their most spectacular projects was called Surrounded Islands. 2.Many people thought that permission wouldnt be given. 3.However，when the wrapping of the Reichstag in golden fabric had finally been com
5、pleted，the glowing building received international acclaim，and Christo loved being appreciated. 4.Two or three new projects are currently being developed by Christo and his team. 5.One of them is in Colorado in the USA where the Arkansas River will be covered by 10 kilometres of luminous，translucent
6、 fabric.,1.一般现在时的被动语态的构成是： ，如句8中的are financed；一般过去时的被动语态的构成是： ，如句1；现在进行时的被动语态的构成是： ，如句4；一般将来时的被动语态的构成是： ，如句5, 句6, 句7。,6.The fabric is going to be suspended above the river so that the work of art can be seen from both above and below. 7.Thousands of people will be needed to complete this feat of eng
7、ineering. 8.Christo manages to do all this without being given any moneyhis projects are financed completely by the sale of his drawings.,查看答案,am/is/are过去分词,was/were过去分词,am/is/arebeing 过去分词,will/shall/be going to/be tobe过去分词,过去完成时的被动语态的构成是： ，如句3中的had been completed；过去将来时的被动语态的构成是： ，如句2。 2.含情态动词的被动语态
8、的构成是： ，如句6中的can be seen。 3.句3中的being appreciated和句8中的being given是 的被动语态；不定式的被动语态的构成是： 。,查看答案,hadbeen过去分词,wouldbe过去分词,情态动词be过去分词,tobe过去分词/tohavebeen过去分词,动名词,语法精析,.转述结构 一、常见的转述结构 1.动词that从句 that引导的从句为间接引语。常用动词有add，admit，agree，announce，believe，claim，complain，declare，deny，explain，insist，remind，suggest，w
9、arn等。 They announced that she would give one extra song. 他们宣布她将再唱一首歌。 He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他受骗了。,2.动词sb. that从句 常用动词有warn，remind，tell等。 She told me that she would be back in an hour. 她告诉我她一个小时后就会回来。 3.动词sb. to do sth. 常用动词有advise，beg，order，promise等。 He begged his father not to
10、give the puppy away. 他恳求爸爸不要把小狗送走。 I promised my mother to get up early in the morning. 我向妈妈承诺早上早起。,4.动词to do sth. 常用动词有agree，offer，refuse，threaten等。 He offered to lend me some books. 他主动提出要借给我一些书。 He threatened to call the police. 他威胁说要报警。 5.动词v.-ing 常用动词有admit，deny，suggest等。 I admitted breaking th
11、e window.我承认打破了窗户。 He denied having seen these watches before. 他否认曾经见过这些手表。,6.动词if/whether. 常用动词有inquire，ask等。 She asked if we could help her. 她问我们是否能帮助她。 7.动词介词v.-ing 常用动词词组有accuse of，succeed in等。 He was accused of stealing the money.他被指控偷钱。 二、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 1.当主句的谓语动词是现在时态。 He always says
12、，“I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out.,2.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时。 He said，“I went to college in 1994.” He told us that he went to college in 1994. 3.当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时。 Our teacher said to us，“Light travels faster than sound.” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 4.当引
13、语是谚语、格言时。 He said，“Practice makes perfect.” He said that practice makes perfect. 5.当直接引语中有情态动词should，would，could，had better等时。 The doctor said，“Youd better drink plenty of water.” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water.,.被动语态 一、被动语态的用法 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，常用于下列三种情况： 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或由于某种原因没有必要指出谁
14、是动作的执行者。 2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。 3.由于某种理由(如为了礼貌、婉转或便于组合句法关系)而需要用被动语态。 The box is kept in the shade.盒子被放在阴凉处。 Such exercises are often done by the students in class. 这类练习常常由学生在课堂上完成。,二、被动语态的构成,三、非谓语动词的被动形式 1.动词-ing的被动形式 (1)当主语是v.-ing形式所表示的动作的承受者时，v.-ing形式用被动语态。被动语态有两种形式：being过去分词(一般式)；having been过去分词(完成式)。
15、He could not bear being made fun of like that. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。 Having been invited，Mr Li went there to give a speech though he was busy. 李先生受邀去那儿做演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。,(2)v.-ing被动形式的语法功能 v.-ing的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。 Being exposed to sunlight for too much time is harmful to your skin. 长时间暴露在阳光下对你的皮
16、肤有害。 He hates being interrupted.他讨厌被人打断。 This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远远没有得到解决。 That building being repaired is our teaching building. 那栋正在被修理的建筑是我们的教学楼。,Having been given so much money，I didnt know what to do.拿到这么多钱，我有些手足无措。 I heard this song being sung in English then. 那时，我听到有人在用英语
17、唱这首歌。 2.不定式的被动形式 (1)当动词不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，要用其被动形式。不定式的被动形式包括一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)两种形式。 The next thing to be done is (to) carry away the earth.下一步要做的事是把土运走。 No harm seems to have been done. 似乎并没有造成损害。,(2)不定式的被动形式的语法功能 不定式的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 It is an honour to be chos
18、en as a volunteer. 能被选上做志愿者，真是一件荣幸的事情。 The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again. 那个男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。 (3)不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种常见结构 不定式用于某些动词(have，get，want等)的宾语后作定语，且其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。 We have lots of difficulties to overcome for the time being.目前我们还有很多困难要克服。,I have a lot of things to do this aftern
19、oon. 今天下午我有许多事要做。 在“be性质形容词不定式”结构中。 这种结构中形容词说明不定式的特性，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。常见的此类形容词有easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等。 The work is easy to do.这项工作很容易做。 Frances is hard to get on with.弗兰西斯很难相处。 不定式与疑问代词连用时。 I dont know which to choose.我不知道该选哪个。 Im wonderin
20、g whom to turn to for help. 我不知该找谁帮忙。,be to blame常用主动表示被动。 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 谁应为放火受责备？ He isnt to blame.他不该受责备。,高考链接,查看答案,.单句语法填空 1.Amy，as well as her brothers， (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019天津) 2.My washing machine (repair) this week，so I ha
21、ve to wash my clothes by hand.(2018天津) 3.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming. (2018全国),was given,is being repaired,is,查看答案,4.When fat and salt (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is m
22、issing something.(2017全国) 5.Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(2016全国) 6.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward) with success in the end.(2016北京) 7.It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years
23、to come.(2015安徽) 8.Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it _ (perform) live is quite another.(2015浙江),are removed,be made,will be rewarded,will be built,being performed,查看答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and beca
24、me a new member of the school music club. (2017全国，短文改错) 2.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much，yet we can still learn a lot.(2016全国，短文改错) 3.He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.(2016浙江，短文改错),taken,think,were,4.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has al
25、ready become a very serious problem.(2015全国，短文改错) 5.Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. (2013新课标全国，短文改错) 6.Now my friend Ann，together with me，is going to do field study and the findings will be use as materials for our research.(2012重庆，短文改错),drunk,used,查看答案,PART 2,达标检测,当堂
26、检测 基础达标演练,1.The geography teacher said，“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher us that the sun in the east and in the west. 2.She says，“Ill never forget the days in the country.” She says that the days in the country. 3.“Are you satisfied with the life here？” he asked
27、 me. He asked me .,.把下列句子改为间接引语,查看答案,told,rises,shell never forget,if/whether I was satisfied with the life there,sets,4.“Will you stay at home and watch TV this weekend，Mary？” Mother asked. Mother asked Mary . 5.“Why didnt you leave with your family？” the old man asked the boy. The old man asked th
28、e boy .,查看答案,if she would stay at home and watch TV that weekend,why he hadnt left with his family,6.His sister left home in 1998，and (not，hear) of since then. 7.This coastal area (name) a national wild-life reserve last year. 8.It is reported that a great many people (kill) in the car accident. 9.M
29、o Yan is believed (be) one of the most famous writers in China. 10.The boss threatened (fire) us if we didnt obey the rules. 11.I promised my father (work) harder at my lessons from then on. 12.Then all the balloons (collect) and put in another room. (2018四川双流中学高三模拟),.单句语法填空,查看答案,hasnt been heard,wa
30、s named,were killed,to be,to fire,to work,were collected,13.The scores on this test (use) by more than 1,500 graduate programs throughout the world every year.(2018福建三明高三模拟) 14.The lion (regard) as the king in the animal world so it represents power.(2018辽宁大连高三一模) 15.It has a splendid history since
31、the Ming Dynasty，and it (rebuild) and repaired many times in the past.(2018河南洛阳高三一模),查看答案,are used,is regarded,was rebuilt,16.The naughty boy was made do his homework. 17.A talk on Chinese culture will be giving in the school hall this weekend. 18.The baby was taken good care by the baby-sitter. 19.My new house is painted now and I have to live with my parents. 20.These problems should have solved months ago.,查看答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误), to, of, being, been,given,
