1、Lesson 3 Natural Disasters .写出下列单词的汉语意思(共 12 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 24 分) 1.typhoon n.台风 2.grand adj.巨大的 3.thunderstorm n.雷暴，雷雨 4.rainfall n.降雨量 5.arm vt.武装 6.quake n.地震 7.offshore adj.在近海岸的 8.catastrophe n.巨大的灾难 9.means n.方法 10.clay n.黏土 11.brick n.砖，砖块 12.howl vi.咆哮，怒吼 .写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共 12 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 36
2、分) 13.多变的 adj.changeable变化 n.& v.change 14.灌溉 n. irrigation灌溉 v.irrigate 15.艰难的 adj.rough粗略地；粗暴地 adv.roughly 16.分离，分开 n.separation使分开 vt.separate 17.建造 vt.construct建造，建造物 n.construction 18.滑落 vi.slip 19.滑行 vi.slide 20.多山的 adj.mountainous山 n.mountain 21.逃走 vt. & vi.flee 22.可能性，潜在性 n.potential 23.尘土，灰
3、尘 n.dust布满灰尘的 adj.dusty 24.(平稳地)移动，滚动 vi.roll .写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分) 25.突然攻击某人 turn on sb. 26.导致，造成 result in 27.消灭，摧毁 wipe out 28.recover from 从中恢复 29.get over 克服，恢复 30.at the rate of 以的速度 31.earn ones/a living 谋生 32.提前 in advance 33.at risk 处于危险中 34.在某种程度上 to some degree .完成句子(
4、共 4 小题；每小题 5 分，满分 20 分) 35.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.过去的几年已经目睹了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重 的灾难即将来临。 36.Storms have been getting worse everywhere too，with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US，and Central America.
5、 暴风雨也愈发四处肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。 37.This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide produced by factories and vehicles, and the destruction of the worlds forests. 这主要是由工厂和车辆产生的大量二氧化碳以及世界森林的破坏造成的。 38.There are more than 300 active volcanoes, about fifty of which erupt each year, and mor
6、e than 500 million people now live within the range of a volcanic eruption.世界上有 300 多座活火山， 每 年大约有 50 座喷发，现在有 5 亿多人生活在火山爆发的范围内。 .Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F). 1.According to the passage，in the last decade，hurricanes often hit China.(F) 2.The tsunami happening in 2004
7、totally killed 132,000 people.(F) 3.Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes can happen at random times.(T) 4.Most experts in natural disasters think things could get far worse.(T) 5.Many countries have taken effective measures to face the natural disasters.(F) .Read the passage carefully and choose the b
8、est answer. 1.Which of the following examples doesnt belong to natural disasters? A.In 2008，a terrible earthquake hit Wenchuan. B.In the spring of 2009，a large area of farmland in China suffered drought. C.A lot of people in some African countries are infected with AIDS. D.Pompeii was buried undergr
9、ound for nearly 2,000 years after a volcanic eruption. 答案 C 2.The attitude of the journalist towards the future is . A.optimistic B.pessimistic C.indifferent D.ambiguous 答案 B 3.According to the passage who is to blame for the increasing number of natural disasters? A.Nature itself. B.Human beings. C
10、.Over advertising. D.The development of modern science. 答案 B 4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.There can be an even worse volcanic eruption in the future. B.Natural disasters may occur at regular times，which human beings can predict. C.With the development of mo
11、dern science and technology，fewer and fewer people suffer from natural disasters. D.Global warming has no connection with natural disasters. 答案 A 5.In the title “Nature is turning on us”，which of the following is similar to “turn on” in meaning? A.Switch on. B.Depend on. C.Take on. D.Strike. 答案 D 重点
12、词汇重点词汇 A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water， and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires. 已经有几个国家因为水的问题而动武，而美国西部由于降水减少导致了森林大火。 result in 导致，造成 result from 起因于，由造成 as a result 结果 as a result of 因为，由于 without result 毫无结果地 (1)Experts say it
13、s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.(2018 全国) 专家说，那是会带来巨大利益的无价的社会实践。 (2)The young man was often late for work.As a result，he was fired. 这个年轻人经常上班迟到。结果他被解雇了。 (3)The ceremony had to be put off as a result of the bad weather. 因为恶劣的天气，典礼不得不延期。 (4)To our regret，the meeting broke
14、up without result. 让我们遗憾的是，会议没有结果就结束了。 句型转换 (5)His carelessness resulted in the terrible accident. The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness. People in agricultural areas， without any means to earn their living， move to the cities， and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials t
15、hey can find on poor clay soil.农 业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市，然后他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材 料搭建起破烂的房屋。 means n.(单复数同形)方法，手段 a means of 一种手段/方法 by all means 一定，务必；用尽一切办法；表示答应好的，当然可以 by means of 用，依靠 by this/that means 用这种/那种方法 by no means 绝不位于句首时句子用部分倒装 注意：当 means 作主语且有 every，each，one，a 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有 some， several，m
16、any，a few 等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。 (1)The government will eliminate this disease by all means. 政府会用尽一切办法消灭这种疾病。 (2)This is a two-year course taught by means of lectures and seminars.这是一门通过讲座和研讨 会的形式讲授的两年制课程。 (3)By no means is it clear what the president can do to end the strike. 总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。 单句改错 (4)E
17、very means have has been tried to save the boy. In May 2006，thousands of Indonesians living near Mt Merapi which means mountain of fire had to flee as they thought it was about to erupt. 2006 年 5 月， 成千上万的住在默拉皮火山意思是“火之山”附近的印尼人不得不逃离家园， 因为他们认为火山要喷发了。 flee vt.& vi.(fled，fled)逃走 flee to/into.逃到 flee from
18、.从逃离；避开 (1)They were forced to flee their motherland when the war broke out. 当战争爆发时，他们被迫逃离他们的祖国。 (2)Jack fled to/into London after a quarrel with his family.杰克与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。 (3)Hearing the alarm，the frightened people fled from the fire.听到警报，惊恐的人们逃离了火灾 现场。 经典句式经典句式 The last few years have seen enviro
19、nmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come. 过去的几年已经目睹了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将来临。 see 意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常用表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表 示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历、见证”了某事。 与 see 用法相同的动词有 find，witness，say，observe，experience 等，这些词在句中作谓 语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。 (1)The old house in
20、 which he was born saw the changes in the big family.他在里面出生的这座老 房子见证了这个大家庭的变迁。 (2)Dusk found him crying in the street. 黄昏时他在街上哭。 (3)The two stone lions standing in front of Tian anmen saw/witnessed many great historic events. 天安门前的这两只石狮见证了许多重大的历史事件。 Storms have been getting worse everywhere too，with
21、 a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US，and Central America.暴风雨也愈发四处肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中 美洲。 “with a growing number of hurricanes hitting.”为 with 复合结构。 “with宾语宾语补足语”称为 with 复合结构，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或 句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，亦可作后置定语。在此结构中可用形容词、副词、 介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等作宾语补足语。 (1)With the floor wet and dirty，
22、we had to stay outside.As a result，we got a cold.由于地板又湿 又脏，我们只好待在外面。结果，我们感冒了。 (2)When she entered the room，she found her son lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 她进屋时，发现儿子和衣躺在床上。 (3)With so many children talking(talk)loudly，I couldnt settle down to my work. 这么多孩子大声说话，我不能静下心工作。 (4)With so many p
23、roblems to settle(settle)，the new mayor couldnt sleep well. 有这么多问题要解决，这位新市长都睡不好觉。 单句改错 (5)With all the goods needed buying bought，she left the market happily. .单句语法填空 1.The weather is terribly changeable(change) at this time of the year. 2.The local government has taken action to wipe out the strang
24、e disease. 3.It was their quarrel that resulted in a terrible war between two countries. 4.He tried to flee from the police in a stolen car. 5.He got into the house by means of an open window. 6.The guide told us that it was a mountainous(mountain) island. 7.The disease is spreading，and all the youn
25、g children are at risk. 8.His normally friendly dog turned on him and hit him in the leg. .完成句子 9.All possible means have been tried so far. Every possible means has been tried so far. 到目前为止，一切方法都已试过了。 10.They were out of work and earned/lived/led a rough life 或 earned a rough living on a small isla
26、nd. 他们失业了，在小岛上过着艰难的生活。 11.Our school has seen/witnessed many great changes in the last few years. 在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了许多巨大的变化。 12.It is bad manners for you to speak with your finger pointing at others. 你在说话时用手指指着别人是不礼貌的。 13.By no means is he able to handle the matter，for he lacks experience. 这件事他绝对没能力处理，
27、因为他缺乏经验。 .课文短文改错 Volcanoes and earthquakes are even much dangerous than in the past as around half the worlds population now live in cities.There are more than 300 active volcanoes，about fifty of them erupt each year，and more than 500 million people now live within a range of a volcanic eruption.Bec
28、ause of these natural disasters occur at random time，it is difficult to warn people in advance. In May 2006，thousands of Indonesians live near Mt Merapi (which means mountain of fire) had to flee as they thought it about to erupt.An even greater number of people live at risk，in some degree，from eart
29、hquakes which had claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years. 答案 Volcanoes and earthquakes are even much more dangerous than in the past as around half the worlds population now live lives in cities.There are more than 300 active volcanoes，about fifty of them which erupt each year
30、，and more than 500 million people now live within a the range of a volcanic eruption.Because of these natural disasters occur at random time times，it is difficult to warn people in advance. In May 2006， thousands of Indonesians live living near Mt Merapi (which means mountain of fire) had to flee as they thought it was about to erupt.An even greater number of people live at risk， in to some degree， from earthquakes which had have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
