1、1 第六讲 并列句和状语从句 Part 真题变式体验 12015福建高考_ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. 答案：While 从句子结构分析，逗号前后有两个句子，须用并列连词或从属连词；再 由句子逻辑意义分析，while 此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管” 。 22015湖南高考_ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experien
2、ce is worth it. 答案：Although/Though 由句式结构分析，此处引导让步状语从句，“虽然，尽管” 。 32015陕西高考I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to know everyone else. 答案：once once 此处引导条件状语从句“一旦” 。 42015重庆高考If you miss this chance, it may be years _ you get another one. 答案 ： before before 此处引导时间状语从句， 且是固定句式it will/
3、may be时间段 before 状语从句，表示“要过多久才” 。 52015四川高考There is only one more day to go _ your favorite music group play live. 答案：before before 此处引导时间状语从句，“在之前” 。 62015江苏高考It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes. 答案：unless unless 引导条件状语从句，且“unless fully covered in thick clothes”是
4、状语 从句的省略结构，“除非” 。 72014重庆高考Half an hour later, Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her. 答案：where通过分析可知本句缺少引导地点状语从句的连词，所以填 where。 82014江西高考It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 答案：when根据语境可知，设空处引导一个时间状语从句，表示“当的时候” ，故 填 when。 9201
5、4北京高考Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places. 答案：so设空处前后两个分句之间为因果关系，故填并列连词 so。 102014陕西高考No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage _ the audience broke into thunderous applause. 答案：than 此处是 no sooner.than.(一就)的固定句式，故填 than。 Part 语篇真题演练 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容
6、(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 2 2013湖南高考When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “_1_ the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪) _2_ 24 hours，” says Tim Jahnigen, a California busine
7、ssman. Determined to solve this problem, _3_ created an indestructible ball called the One World Futbol. The ball is made of _4_ special material, ethylenevinyl acetate foam. Its lightweight, its flexible，and_5_ importantit holds its shape. The One World Futbol needs no pump _6_ wont wear out, even
8、on rough surfaces. When tested, _7_ withstood (经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion. Although it costs more to produce _8_ a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years. So far, its been given to kids in 143 countries. Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。
9、 本文为说明文，题材为介绍说明类。介绍 the_One_World_Futbol 的一些情况。 Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。 1Because。考查连词。因为运动场地地面不平且多岩石，所以成百上千万的球玩不到 一天就变瘪了。 2within。考查介词。真正的球在 24 小时之内就会瘪掉。within 24 hours“在 24 小时 之内” 。 3he。考查代词。上文提到了 Tim Jahnigen，一位加利福尼亚的商人，所以用 he 来指 代 Tim Jahnigen。 4a。考查冠词。a special material“一种特殊的材料” 。 5most。考查副词。most impo
10、rtant 意为“最重要的” 。 6and。考查连词。此处表示并列关系，所以用 and。the One World Futbol 不需要充气 也不容易坏掉。 7it。考查代词。it 指代 the One World Futbol。 8than。考查比较连词。根据本句中 more 的暗示，填 than。 Step 3：代入验证。 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。 知识 清单 (1)常见并列连词的用 法；(2)常见不同状语 从句及其引导词；(3) 各不同状语从句的注 意事项；(4)地点状语 从句与定语从句(关系 副词引导)的区别；(5) 状语从句中的省略。 学情 分
11、析 考生在复合句学习过 程中存在着以下几点 问题：(1)对主从句之 间的逻辑关系判断不 清， 无从选择连词 ； (2) 对某些从属连词语义 掌握不准确，具体使 用语言环境不明确； (3)同一状语从句中的 连词混淆使用，不能 3 区别对待。 考点一 并列句 1 并列连词归纳 属性 连接词 典型例句 并列关系 and, not only.but also, neither.nor. Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.他 们的车在半路上出了故障， 他们不得不 在一个小旅社过夜。
12、 选择关系 or, either.or., otherwise, or else Either you are mad, or I am.要么你疯了， 要么我疯了！ 转折关系 but, yet, still, however, while, when Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.Mary 是个好女孩， 但她有 一个缺点。 因果关系 for, so Someone is coming, for the dog is barking.有人来了，因为狗叫了。 2 使用时特别注意其特性 (1)and, not only.but (
13、also), neither. nor.等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一 句子作补充或引申。 One day, I was late, and my teacher was angry. 有一天我迟到了，我的老师生气了。 Think it over, and youll find a way out. 仔细考虑，你将发现一条出路。 Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it. 不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣，他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。 (
14、2)or, either.or.连接并列句表示选择意义。 The children can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择) 孩子们可以跟我们一起去，也可以留下。 The workers were cheerful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法) 工人们非常高兴，或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。 Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件) 小心点，否则你会折断脖子的。 3 注意事项 (1)“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型： 该句型中的祈使
15、句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示结果。and 表示前后句意思的顺延，or 表示前后句意思的转折。 4 Go straight on, and youll see a church. 一直向前走，你就会看到一座教堂。 Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems. 在关闭所有程序前不要关闭电脑，要不然会出问题的。 具体运用中，该句型中的祈使句常省略为名词短语等。 One more minute, and we can finish the job much better。 再给一分
16、钟，我们会把工作做的更好。 (2)but/while/however 的区别： but 表示意义的转折；while 既表示转折又表示对比；however 为表示转折意义的副词， 常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. 邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人，但是很多时候有些打扰是不可避免的。 Theres no way of knowing why o
17、ne man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails. 为什么一个人会做出一个重要的发现， 而另一个人， 也很聪明但是失败了， 这不得而知。 (3)并列连词 when 和 for 的用法： when 可作并列连词，意为“正在这时” ，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生 另一动作。 Error! Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住
18、了。 One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 一个礼拜五，我们正在收拾行李去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。 He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano. 他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。 典例 1 2015江苏扬州一中质检While talking to you, your couldbe employer is deciding
19、whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you _ your abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. 解析 and 考查并列连词的用法。根据句意理解可知空前后两句之间为并列关系， 故填 and。句意：在与你交谈时，你的准老板就在判断你的教育程度，你的经历和其他资质 是否值得他雇佣你。而你的能力必须以有序而合理的相关方式呈献出来。 典例 2 2015北
20、京西城区期末I hate to admit it, _ I think I was wrong. 解析 but 考查并列句。空前空后两句之间为转折关系，故应填 but。句意：我讨厌 承认这事，但我认为我是错的。 典例 3 2015北京东城区一模I think wed better keep to the subject, _ well waste our time. 解析 or 考查并列句，两句之间必须填连词，结合语意可知答案是 or。句意：我认 5 为我们最好谈正事，否则我们将浪费我们的时间。 考点二 时间状语从句 1when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 (1)when 表示“
21、当时，在期间” 。 When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。 (2)while 表示“在期间”从句中常用延续性动词。 Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。 (3)as 表示“一边一边，随着” 。 As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。 注意：1如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性
22、动词的进行时态表示在一段 时间内正在进行的动作时，when/while/as 可以互换使用。 When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of mine. 我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一位老朋友。 2when 还可表原因，意为“既然” 。 How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me？ 既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？ 2as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly,
23、 the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.和 once(一就) 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为 “一就” 。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。 注意 ： no s
24、ooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.的时态搭配 ： no sooner 与 hardly/scarcely 所在的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时， 而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。 此外，当把 no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely 提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started c
25、heering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 3before 与 since 引导的时间状语从句 (1)before 与 since 的常用句式。 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在之前；还未It will (not) be一段时间before.(没有)过时 6 间才(就) It was not long before. 不久就 就；才； 就，还没来得及 就 It was时间段before.过了(时间)才 It is/has been一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时) since 自从以来 It was一段时间since.(从句用过去完成时) It will be two y
26、ears before he leaves the country. 再过两年他才会离开这个国家。 It wasnt two years before he left the country. 不到两年他就离开了这个国家。 (2)since 引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起；若用延 续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。 Its two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 Its three years since we lived here. 我们不住在这里有三年了。 4every time, e
27、ach time, next time, the last time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示 “每当，每次，下次，上次”等 Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. 每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。 Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. 下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。 The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed. 上次她看见 James 的时候，他正躺在床上。
28、5“Itbe时间从句”句型 “Itbe时间从句”句型是高考考查的热点，其中连接词的选择是个难点。突破这 个难点的关键是要把握好句意，根据句意的需要选择合适的连接词： (1)表示“再过多长时间某事才会发生” ，用“It will be时间段before 从句” 。如： It will be three weeks before we have the next exam. 再过三周我们就要进行下一次考试了。 (2)表示“自以来有多长时间了” ，用“It be时间段since 从句” ，如果主句用一 般现在时，从句用一般过去时；如果主句用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。如： It is three
29、 years since he joined the army. 自从他参军已经三年了。 He said it was three years since he had joined the army. 他说他退伍已三年了。 7 (3)It be时间状语that其他，构成强调句型，意思是“就是在某一时间发生了某 事” 。如： It was at six oclock that we got home. 就是在六点我们到了家。 (4)“It be时间点when 从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间” ，it 指代时间。如： It was six oclock when we got home. 当我们
30、到家的时候六点了。 典例 4 2015重庆一中一诊Did Vicky come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet nine oclock _ she arrived home. 解析 when 考查状语从句用法。根据句意填 when，其中 it 指时间。句意： Vicky 昨天晚上回来的早吗？是的，当他到家时，还不到九点钟呢？ 典例 5 Itll be another 50 years _ China is expected to reach the level of a medium developed country. 解析 before
31、 考查状语从句用法。根据句意可知填 before, 表示“一段时间之 后” 。句意：再过 50 年，中国有望达到中等发达国家水平。 典例 6 2015福建泉州质检To my great disappointment, my best friend left the city _ I couldnt have a word with her. 解析 before 考查状语从句用法。 根据语意可知填 before。 句意 ： 令我非常失望的是， 我还没来得及和我最好的朋友说句话，她就离开了这个城市。 考点三 条件状语从句 1if 和 unless 引导的条件状语从句。if 表示正面的条件，意为“如
32、果” ； unless(if.not) 表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不” 。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。 Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(if you dont study hard) 除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 2 in case, on condition that, providing(that), provided (that) ， supposing(that), suppose(that)等
33、词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在条件下” 。 In case there is a fire, what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？ Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？ They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。 3.as l
34、ong as(so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要” 。 As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed. 你只要不灰心，就会成功。 4.在“祈使句and/or/or else/otherwise陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件 状语从句。如： 8 Run faster and youll catch the bus. 跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。 Work hard, otherwise youll fail. 努力干，要不你就会失败的。 5if only“如果就好了”和 only if“只有”也可以引导条件
35、状语从句。但是当 only if 置于句首时，主句部分倒装。 If only I had a dog, I wouldnt be so lonely. 我要是养一条狗，就不会这么孤单了。 Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 典例 7 2015江苏南京、盐城二模He hasnt got any hobbies_ you call watching TV a hobby. 解析 unless 考查状语从句的用法。根据语意可知，此处
36、表示条件，填 unless。句意 ： 他没什么爱好，除非你把看电视称为爱好。 典例 8 2015重庆南开中学一诊Are you free now? I have something interesting to tell you. OK, _ you make it short. You know, Im busy. 解析 as/so long as 考查状语从句的用法。根据语意可知填“as/so long as”。句意： 你现在有时间吗？我有一些有趣的事告诉你。好吧， 只要你简短些。 你知道我很忙。 考点四 让步状语从句 1although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though
37、/even if(即使)引导的让步状语从句 although 与 though 两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与 yet, still 或 nevertheless 连用， 但不能和 but 连用。如： He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money. 虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。 9 Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 Even though/if it is raining, well
38、 go there.(陈述语气) 即使下雨，我们也要去那里。 Even if I were busy, I would go.(虚拟语气) 即使忙，我也得去。 注意：though 还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而” ，置于句末。如： He said he would come； he didnt， though. 他说他会来，可是没有来。 2as 或 though 引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况 as 或 though 从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形 置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。如： Child as/though he is, he can t
39、ell the names of all the cars. 尽管他是孩子，但他能说出所有车的名字。 Much as/though I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。 注意：though 引导的从句可以像 as 引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是 although 引导的 从句只能用正常语序。注意比较下面的说法： Smart though/as she is，she doesnt study hard. Though she is smart，she doesnt study hard. Alt
40、hough she is smart，she doesnt study hard. Smart although she is，she doesnt study hard. As she is smart， she doesnt study hard. 3whether.or.(不管还是)；疑问词ever 与 no matter疑问词(不管； 无论)。 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你相信与否，那都是真的。 Whatever(No matter what) you say, he wont believe you.(让步状语从句) 无
41、论你说什么，他都不会相信你。 Whoever you are (No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.(让步状语从句) 无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。 注意：whoever， whatever， whomever， whichever 还可以引导名词性从句。如：,You can take whatever you like.宾语从句,你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。 4while 也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句，相当于 although。 While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree tha
42、t they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。 典例 9 2015天津十二区县联考_ more and more people may turn to the Internet for the latest news, it is unlikely that the newspaper will disappear. 解析 While/Although/Though 考查状语从句。根据句意可知填“尽管”的意思的连 10 接词。句意：尽管越来越多的人去网上了解最新的新闻，但是报纸也不可能消失。 典例 10 2015浙江六校联考Look at
43、 those clouds! Dont worry. Even _ it rains, well still have a great time. 解析 if/though 考查状语从句用法。根据句意可知，该句表示让步。句意：看 那些云！不用担心，即使下雨，我们也会玩得很开心。 典例 11 2015四川成都二诊_ working hard does not necessarily guarantee ones success, it is almost impossible to succeed without it. 解析 While/Although/Though 考查状语从句。根据语义理
44、解可知，此处表示让步。 句意：尽管勤奋刻苦不一定确保成功，但缺乏勤奋刻苦要想成功是不可能的。 考点五 地点状语从句及其他状语从句 1引导地点状语从句的从属连词 where, wherever 指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前 或之后；表示抽象意义时，从句要放在主句之前。 We should go where the Party needs us most. 我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。 You are free to go wherever you like. 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Wherev
45、er there is smoke, there is a fire. 无火不生烟。(无风不起浪) 2注意区分 where 引导的定语从句与状语从句。 你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句) Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句) 3其他状语从句 (1) 状语从句类型 从属连词 原因状语从句 because, since/now that, as, in that, seein
46、g that, considering that 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, in case(以免，以防)，for fear that 结果状语从句 so that, so/such.that 方式状语从句 as, as if/though (2)since, now that, considering that 引导的原因状语从句经常放在句首。 Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself. 既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。 Considering that I have told you
47、 three times, you must know it. 鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你必须知道它。 (3)目的状语从句的谓语动词一般含有情态动词 can, could, may, might, should 等。 (4)as if/though 引导方式状语从句时，有时也用虚拟语气。 He acted as if nothing had happened. 11 他表现得好像什么也没发生。 典例 12 2015北京西城区期末They have moved to a different house so _ their children can attend a better school. 解析 that 考查状语从句用法。根据句意可知构成 so that 表示目的。句意：他们已 经搬到另外的地方了，目的是让他们的孩子可以上一个更好的学校。 典例 13 2015福建厦门质检We should help and learn from each other as a group. I cant agree more. _ youre strong, I am weak. 解析 Where 考查状语从句用法。根据句意可知此处表示地点。句意：作为一 个团队，我们应互相帮助，相互学习。我非常同意，每个人都有缺点和优点。 典例 14 2015江苏南京盐城一模
