2018届高考英语一轮复习教案:语法填空第三讲 名词和主谓一致

上传人:ya****8 文档编号:126529 上传时间:2020-03-13 格式:PDF 页数:9 大小:796.74KB
下载 相关 举报
2018届高考英语一轮复习教案:语法填空第三讲 名词和主谓一致_第1页
第1页 / 共9页
2018届高考英语一轮复习教案:语法填空第三讲 名词和主谓一致_第2页
第2页 / 共9页
2018届高考英语一轮复习教案:语法填空第三讲 名词和主谓一致_第3页
第3页 / 共9页
亲,该文档总共9页,到这儿已超出免费预览范围,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述

1、1 第三讲 名词和主谓一致 Part 真题变式体验 12015安徽高考There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _ (think) and then let me know. 答案:thought 考查名词。句意:现在没有必要把你的答案告诉我。考虑一下,然后 告诉我。give sth. some thought 意为“考虑” 。thought 为 think 的名词形式。 22015浙江高考One of the most effective ways to reduce _ (anxious) is to talk ab

2、out feelings with someone you trust. 答案:anxiety 考查名词。根据句意可知此处表示减压/焦虑。句意:减少压力最有效 的方法是和你信任的人谈论一下感受。 32015湖南高考It is important to remember that success_ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often_ (take) years to achieve. 答案:is; takes 考查主谓一致。that 引导的宾语从句的主语是 success 为单数,两空是 并列谓语,故都用单数。 42015福建高

3、考China Daily attracts a worldwide readership, which _ (show) that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 答案:shows 考查主谓一致。定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词的单复数形式一致,先 行词是 China Daily 为单数,故填 shows。 52015湖北高考He gave himself a new name to hide his _(identify) when he went to carry out the secret

4、 task. 答案:identity 句意:当他去执行这项秘密任务时,他给自己取了个新名字以掩盖他 的身份。由句意可知,空处应用名词 identity 表示“身份” 。 62014湖南高考All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 答案:is 根据题干可知 all 指代的是 a small piece of land,所以谓语动词要用单数形式, 整句话的语境为一般现在时,故填

5、 is。句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一 年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。 72013江苏高考Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ (be) essential to their development. 答案 : is 根据句式结构,考查主谓一致。名词后有 with 短语时,谓语动词取决于 with 前面的词,故用单数 is。句意:一般来说,学生们的内在动机多来自于他人的高期望值,这 对他们的发展很重要。 82013江西高考Whenever I made mista

6、kes, the teacher pointed them out with _ (patient) 答案:patience “介词名词” ,故应填写 patient 的名词形式。句意:无论何时我犯错 误,老师都会耐心地指出来。 92013天津高考While she was in Paris, she developed a _ (tasty) for fine art. 答案:taste 考查名词构词法,空前是冠词,可知此处应填名词,故填 taste。句意:在 2 巴黎期间,她培养了对艺术的兴趣。 102013湖南高考The university estimates that living

7、expenses for international students _ (be) around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them. 答案:are 考查主谓一致,宾语从句中句子的主语是 living expenses 为复数,故谓语动 词应用复数。整句用一般现在时,故填 are。 Part 语篇真题演练 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 2015广东高考Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned

8、_16_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _17_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _18_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _19_(leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One da

9、y, the cow was eating grass _20_ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she _21_ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living _22_ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a whil

10、e to grow, he started cutting down trees _23_ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _24_ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to_25_ that his fa

11、rm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. Step 1:通读全文,掌握主旨大意。 本文讲述的是 Johnson 先生和家人住在树林中,他有一个看着几乎荒芜的农场,幸好他 有一头奶牛。可是有一天牛死了,奶牛的死会给一家带来什么变化呢? Step 2:逐题解答,确定答案。 16a。根据空格位置在动词与可数名词单数之间可知,考查冠词。 17Luckily。位于句首的空格用逗号隔开,可知考查副词修饰整个句子。 18for。从整句话分析,此处考查介词且与 exchange 构成固定搭配。 19was_le

12、ft。连词后面没有谓语,故考查谓语,注意考虑时态语态和主谓一致。 20when。在两个句子中间的空格应考查连词用法,此处为固定句式。 3 21.fell。在主谓之后,且该句无谓语,可知此题考查谓语动词,与 died 并列。 22without。根据空格的位置和语意,可知此处考查介词。 23to_sell。该句中已有谓语且无连词,可知此处填非谓语,根据语义可知此处表目的。 24where。空前后均是句子,故应填连词,且位于名词之后,可考虑定语从句的关联 词。 25him。根据句式分析,此处考查固定句子“It occurs to sb. that.”。 Step 3:代入验证。 需考虑语法结构正确

13、且语义符合逻辑,语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。 知识 清单 (1)名词常见后缀(第 一讲);(2)名词的数; (3)抽象名词具体化; (4)主谓一致的几种常 见情况。 学情 分析 考生在名词和主谓一 致的学习中存在以下 几个问题:(1)名词的 数是考生在运用语言 时常被忽视的问题, 需刻意提高“数”的 意识;(2)主谓一致情 况较多,造成部分学 生在使用时混用,同 时也忽视了主语核心 词,造成主谓不一致 ; (3)语法规则能熟练记 忆, 但不能准确运用, 缺少谓语与主语一致 的意识。 考点一 名词的数 1 名词的单复数 (1)不可数名词 不可数名词一般没有复数形式, 如果需要表示多少, 通常要

14、用 “a/an表数量的词of 名词”来表示。通常抽象名词与物质名词都是不可数名词。常见的不可数名词有: 物质名词:ice, coffee, soup, grass, cloth(布料), clothing, iron, food, bread 等。 抽象名词:advice, experience(经验), courage, fun, childhood, knowledge 等。 (2)名词复数的变化 规则变化 种类 变化 例词 一般情况 词尾加s bookbooks,penpens 4 以s,x,ch,sh 结尾 词尾加es busbuses,benchbenches, boxboxes,d

15、ishdishes, 但stomach例外, 其后直接加s 以“辅音字母y”结尾 变 y 为 i 后加es familyfamilies, citycities 以“元音字母y”结尾 词尾加s keykeys, boyboys 多数变 f 或 fe 为 v 后加es leafleaves,wifewives, knifeknives 以f 或fe 结尾 少数词尾加s chiefchiefs, roofroofs, beliefbeliefs 续表 种类 变化 例词 词尾加es heroheroes, potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes, NegroNegroes 以字

16、母o 结尾 词尾加s photophotos, kilokilos, pianopianos 以sis 结尾的 外来词 变 sis 为 ses basisbases, analysisanalyses, crisiscrises 不规则变化 种类 例词 单复数 同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, aircraft, means, series, species, headquarters 单数形式 复数意义 people,police,cattle 复数形式 单数意义 news,physics,politics 合成词 变复数 passerbypassersby,soninlaw

17、sonsinlaw, lookeronlookerson, gobetweengobetweens, grownupgrownups 词形变化 manmen,childchildren,toothteeth, footfeet, mousemice, mediummedia 5 2 特殊情况下名词复数的用法 有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式,如 : thanks,authorities(当局),possessions(财产), clothes,congratulations,goods(商品),works(作品,著作),shoes,trousers,manners(礼貌) 等。 有些固定短语要

18、求用名词复数形式: make preparations for 为做准备 take pains 尽力,刻苦 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵 take turns 轮流 be in high spirits 兴致勃勃 make repairs 修理 3 名词构词法(见第一讲) 典例 1 2016河北唐山模拟He pushed and pulled with all his_(strong) to move the stone. 解析 strength 根据空格前的 his 及语义可知此处应填名词,而 strong 的名词变化特 殊,是 strength。 典例 2 201

19、6衡水模拟To tell the truth, driving in crowded_(city) is far from being a pleasure. 解析 cities 根据空格前 crowded 可判断此处需填名词,另 city 为可数名词,需加冠 词或变为复数,故填 cities。 考点二 抽象名词具体化 1 抽象名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽 象名词可用作可数名词。 (1)difficulty 困难;a difficulty 一件难事 (2)experience 经验;an experience 一次经历 (3)fail

20、ure 失败;a failure 一位失败者,一件失败的事 (4)knowledge 知识;a good knowledge of 丰富的知识 (5)success 成功;a success 一位成功者,一件成功的事 (6)surprise 惊奇;a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事 (7)honour 荣誉;an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事 另外常见的还有:pleasure, shock, comfort, attraction, beauty, danger, delight, feeling, preference 等。 2 有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词 物质名词 可数

21、名词 物质名词 可数名词 drink 饮料 two drinks sugar 糖 a sugar 6 两杯饮料 一块糖 coffee 咖啡 a coffee 一杯咖啡 paper 纸 a paper 一张报纸; 一篇论文 续表 物质名词 可数名词 物质名词 可数名词 tea 茶 two teas 两杯茶 hair 头发 a hair 一根头发 Would you like some coffee? I would like a coffee and two beers. 你想喝点咖啡吗? 我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。 典例 3 2015浙江六校联考The program Running Man

22、in Zhejiang TV turned out _ success. 解析 a 句意:浙江电视台的“跑男”节目证明是成功的。此处考查抽象名词具体 化,指“成功的事” ,故填 a。 典例 4 2015陕西 83 中二模She came in for _ coffee and told me _ firecrackers kept her awake last night. 解析 a; the 第一空考查物质名词个体化,故加 a,表示一杯咖啡;第二空为特指, 故填 the。 考点三 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致, 一般遵循三个原则, 即语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近

23、一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。 1 语法一致原则 (1)主语后跟有 with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to 等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 典例 5 2016山西太原一模Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer. 解析 is 根据语法一致原则,谓语与

24、 Dr Smith 保持一致,故填 is。 (2)由 lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of 等修饰名词作主语时, 谓语动词与所修饰的名 词形式保持一致。 A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school. 很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。 A great deal of water was polluted year by year. 每年大量的水被污染。 但 a quantity of/an amount of 和 quantities/a

25、mounts of名词时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于 quantity 和 amount 的单复数。 7 Quantities of information are available on the Internet. 在网上可得到大量的信息。 (3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数来确定。 Those who were praised at the meeting could be sent to America to study further. 在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。 2 就近一致原则 (1)由 or, either.or., neither.nor.,

26、 not only.but also.等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词常与 最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 典例 6 Either you or one of your students _ the meeting that is due tomorrow.(完 成句子) 要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 答案 is to attend (2)由 there,here 引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的单复数通常和最邻近的主语保持 一致。 典例 7 There are a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.(改错) 解析 areis There

27、be 结构使用就近原则,可知应与 a pencil 一致,故将 are 改为 is。 3 意义一致原则 (1)由连词 and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念, 兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体), 谓语动词用单数。 典例 8 The writer and teacher Smith _ millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.(完成句子) 既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。 答案 has gone through (2)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many

28、a单数名词”作主语, 谓语动词用单数。 典例 9 Every man and every woman _ to be proud of the work done by their fathers.(完成句子) 每一个人都有充足的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 答案 has a good reason (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。 典例 10 To go to bed early and to rise early_.(完成句子) 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 答案 is a good habit (4)含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况。 many a/more tha

29、n one单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。 典例 11 Many a parent _ go through this same painful process.(完成句 8 子) 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。 答案 was forced to the rest, the remaining/part.,plenty of, a great deal of 等主语,谓语动词应根据所表 达的单复数意义而定。 典例 12 The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining _.(完 成句子) 讲座的前半部分很生动,但后半部分

30、非常枯燥。 答案 was very boring 分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时,谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有 1/3 值得一读。 典例 13 Only 60 percent of the work _ yesterday.(完成句子) 昨天只干了 60%的活。 答案 was finished 但 population 由分数或百分数修饰时,谓语动词用复数。 Twothirds of population have been killed in the accident.

31、在这次事故中 2/3 的人丧生。 NO.1 解题步骤 1.根据空格所处的位置判断考点是什么。 2联系相关考点,结合相关知识,填写单词的正确形式。 NO.2 解题技巧 1.名词的考查 语法填空题对名词的考查包括根据语境填适当的名词,特别是固定搭配中的名词(不给 提示词)和用所给词的名词形式填空(给出动词、形容词等提示词)。 (1)根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。 名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。做题时可以根据 提示词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。 (2)根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。 名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后,做题时可以据此

32、判断空格处 是否需要填名词。 常见的限定词包括冠词(a, an, the)、形容词性物主代词(my, your 等)、不定代词(no, one, some, any, each, many, all, both, another, other 等)、疑问词(whose, what, which 等)等。 (3)有时要求根据固定搭配填适当的名词。 (4)填名词时,一定要注意单复数及拼写。 9 典例 14 2016辽宁沈阳模拟It is acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of the overall _ (perform

33、) at school. 解析 performance 本题考查动词与名词的转换。根据前面的限定词 the 及形容词 overall 可知,填名词 performance。 典例 15 2016河北邯郸质检一Seeing the sunlight, _ (passerby) or trees outside might make you more aware of how you look. 解析 passersby 根据句子中缺少主语,且与 trees 并列,故用名词复数形式。 2主谓一致的考查 考查主谓一致时,往往提示的为动词,句子中不缺少主语。(1)抓住主语的核心词是正 确解题的关键。(

34、2)掌握基本的主谓一致三大原则是正确解答的基础。(3)注意时态与全文时 态保持一致。 典例 16 2016安徽合肥质检一So far, almost every possible means _ (try) to provide accommodation and medical rescue for the people in the floodstriken area. 解析 has been tried 根据意义一致原则,every possible means 表示单数概念,由 so far 可知应该使用现在完成时态,且 try 与 means 之间为被动关系,故填 has been tried。 典例 17 2016大连模拟The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ (save) for other purposes. 解析 were saved 根据句子结构来判断“the rest of which”指剩余的 35%的原料,是复 数概念,故谓语用复数,且主句是一般过去时态,“save”与“raw materials”之间为被动关系, 故填 were saved。 1.名词注意构词法的变化规则以及单复数形式的变化。 2主谓一致的关键是找出句子的主语,并兼顾语境的时态和语态。

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索
资源标签

当前位置:首页 > 高中 > 高中英语 > 英语高考 > 一轮复习