1、2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点2选词填空Passage 1（2019 四川省自贡市）将下列单词的适当形式填入空格每空限填一词，每词只能用一次continue make place careful who same stop before good somethingA man named Bill once visited a temple that was still being builtHe saw a sculptor （雕刻家）（1） a sculptureAs he watched the man work on the sculpture， he notic
2、ed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearbyHe felt strange and asked the sculptor， Why are you creating two （2） sculptures？ Do you need two to put in different （3） ?No the man said without looking up， We need only one， but the first one became damaged（损害）（4） I could finish it， so I m working
3、on a new oneBill picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it （5） But he couldnt find （6） wrong with itWhere is the damage？ he askedThere is a scratch （划痕） on the sculptures nose the sculptor said while （7） his workBill then asked Where are you going to place the sculpture？The sculptor replied th
4、at it would be placed on a platform which is 20 feet in height If the sculpture is up that high，（8） is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose？ Bill askedThe sculptor（9） his work， looking up at the man and said， I will know itThe sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work E
5、ven if other people didnt notice it， it mattered to him that his work should be of the （10） quality（质量） This is an attitude we should work hard to have【答案与解析】【文章大意】这是一篇选词填空，主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事，通过这个故事告诉我们应该有的工作态度（1）making 考查动名词，see sb doing看见某人正在做某事，make a sculpture雕刻，故答案为making（2）same 考查形容词，根据上文As
6、 he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby当他观看那个人雕刻时，他注意到旁边放着一个相似的雕像，因此判断本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑故答案为same（3）places 考查可数名词复数，different不同的，后跟可数名词复数，结合语境，你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑，你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗？故答案为places（4）before 考查时间副词，结合语境，我们只需要一个，但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了判断是完成之前
7、，故答案为before（5）carefully 考查副词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题examine为实意动词，用副词修饰，故答案为carefully（6）anything 考查不定代词， couldnt 否定词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题否定句中不定代词用anything故答案为anything（7）continuing 考查动名词，while后动词用ing形式，结合语境，雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕雕刻家边说边继续工作故答案为continuing（8）who 考查疑问代词，结合语境，如果雕塑放那么高的话，谁会注意到
8、它的脖子上有一道划痕故答案为who（9）stopped 考查动词，本文谓语动词用过去式，判断时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，结合语境，雕刻家停下他的工作，看着那个男人说：我会知道故答案为stopped（10）best 考查形容词最高级，quality为名词，前用形容词，the后形容词用最高级，结合语境，即使别人没有注意到，他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要故答案为bestPassage 2（2019 湖北省孝感市）阅读短文, 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空, 使短文通顺、连贯。方框中每词限用一次, 有两个词多余。across; forever, through; who; share; w
9、hich; memories; separateGood morning, everyone. Standing here, I know its time to say goodbye. When I look back to the past three years, many beautiful _52_ rush to my mind. When I walk by classrooms, it seems that the lessons will never stop. I cant forget the sunshine coming in _53_ the windows. I
10、 cant forget the library where I used to go. I cant forget tidy uniforms and lovely smiles. Ill remember the important people _54_ helped and supported me-my teachers and my friends. These moments are so unforgettable that I feel like _55_ them with you.Although we have to go our _56_ways now, I hop
11、e we can value the happy time we spent together. My dear school, I love you, _57_. And I really dont want to say goodbye.【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇演讲稿，作者回忆了三年初中生活美好记忆，表达了对学校、同学和老师的留恋。52. memories 句意：当我回首过去的三年，许多美好的回忆涌上心头。beautiful美丽的，形容词修饰名词；many许多的，修饰复数名词；根据When I look back to the past three years,和所给单词提示，
12、可知有很多回忆，故填memories。53. through 句意：我不能忘记阳光从窗户射进来。through the windows透过窗户；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填through。54. who 句意：我会记住那些帮助和支持我的重要人物我的老师和朋友。本句是定语从句，先行词people是人，需用who引导。根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填who。55. sharing 句意：我想与你分享他们。feel like想要，like是介词，后接动名词；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填sharing。56. separate 句意：虽然我们现在不得不各奔东西，但我希望我们能珍惜在一起的
13、快乐时光。go our separate ways分道扬镳；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填separate。57. forever 句意：亲爱的学校，我永远爱你。本句缺副词状语，forever永远，根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填forever。【点睛】选词填空，要求根据句意语境和所给单词提示选择合适的单词填空，主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。Passage 3（2019 湖北
14、省随州市）从方框中选择适当的单词，并用其适当的形式完成短文，每词只能用一次，每空一词。century or prevent put from what try receive long directStonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of Britains most famous historical places but also one of its greatest mysteries. Every year it_51_more than 750,000 visitors. People like to go to this place
15、 especially in June as they want to.see the sun rising on the_52_day of the year.For many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders_53_tocommunicate with the gods. However, historian Paul Stoker thinks this cant be true becauseStonehenge was built so many_54_ago. “The
16、leaders arrived in England much later,” he points Out.Another popular idea is that Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar. The largest stone were _55_together in a certain way. On midsummers morning the sun shines_56_into the center of the stones. Other people believe the stones have a medical purpo
17、se. They think the stones can_57_illness and keep people healthy. “As you walk there, you can feel the energy_58_your feetmove up your body,” said one visitor. No one is sure_59_Stonehenge was used for, but mostagree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose. Some think it might
18、be a burialplace_60_a place to honor ancestors. Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over anenemy.【答案与解析】【文章大意】这篇短文主要是介绍来世界上最伟大的奇迹之一巨石阵。51. receives 句意：每年接待超过75万游客。根据Every year这里是一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词变第三人称单数。receives的意思是“接收”。根据句意，故填receives。52. longest 句意：人们喜欢去这个地方，尤其是在六月，因为他们想去。看到太阳在一年中
19、最长的一天升起。根据文中especially in June as they want to.see the sun rising可知，这里是最长的一天。the longest day表示最长的一天。根据句意，故填longest。53. tried 句意：很多年来，历史学家认为巨石阵是一座古代领导人试图与神沟通的寺庙。短语try to do sth.表示设法去做某事；这里是一般过去时态，try的过去式是tried。根据句意，故填tried。54. centuries 句意：然而，历史学家保罗斯托克认为这不可能是真的，因为巨石阵是几百年前建造的。so many+名词复数，century意思是“世
20、纪”，这里用复数，根据句意，故填centuries55. put 句意：最大的石头是以某种方式放置的。这里是一般过去时态的被动语态，put的过去分词是put。根据句意，故填put。56. directly 句意：在仲夏的早晨，太阳直接照射到石头的中心。这里是副词修饰动词。direct的副词是directly，意思是“直接地”，根据句意，故填directly。57. prevent 句意：他们认为这些石头可以预防疾病，保持人们的健康。Can+动词原形；prevent的意思是“阻止”，根据句意，故填prevent。58. from 句意：当你走到那里的时候，你可以感觉到你脚上的能量向上移动。fro
21、m表示从。根据句意，故填from。59. what 句意：没有人能确定巨石阵是用来做什么的。这里是what引导的宾语从句。根据句意，故填what。60. or 句意：有人认为这可能是一个祭祀祖先的墓地或地方。根据a place to honor ancestors.可知这里用or来连接，意思是“或者”，根据句意，故填or。Passage 4（2019 山西省）请根据语篇内容,用方框中所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯,并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。As a famous piano master, Paderewski was admired by many pe
22、ople. Wishing to make progress on the piano, one day, a boy_50_to a Paderewskis concert by his mother. After they were seated, the mother saw a friend and walked up to greet her, leaving the boy alone in_51_seat.Catching the chance to explore the wonders of the concert hall, the little boy stood up
23、and finally made his way through a door _52_was marked “No Admittance(进入)” . Soon, the hall got dark and the concert was about to begin. When the mother _53_to her seat, she discovered that the child was missing.Suddenly the lights focused on the piano on the stage. In surprise the mother found her
24、little boy sitting at the piano. _54_knowing where he was, the boy was picking out Twinkle, Twinkle, Little star. At the moment, the great piano master appeared, moved to the piano _55_, and whispered (耳语) in the boys ear, “Dont stop. Keep playing.” Then he sat down and added a running obbligato (伴奏
25、). Together, the old master and the young beginner changed an embarrassing situation into a wonderfully creative experience. It became one of the_56_parts of the whole concert that evening. The people were touched so much by the master and the mother was shocked. She believed that such an experience
26、 would make a big_57_to her 9-year-old boys life.In fact, thats the way it is in life. What we can do on our own is hardly unusual. We tried our best, but the_58_arent exactly smooth music like what we have expected. But when we trust in the hands of a greater power, our lifes work can be truly beau
27、tiful.Next time, you set out _59_great works, listen carefully. You can hear the voice of the master, whispering in your ear, “Dont stop. Keep playing.”【答案与解析】【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是一个小男孩被妈妈带着去听著名钢琴大师帕德雷夫斯基的音乐会，小男孩无意走上了舞台，开始弹起钢琴。钢琴大师并没有阻止或打断他，而是鼓励小男孩继续弹，并为他伴奏，两人一起合作了一曲，成为了这次音乐会上最精彩的一部分。他的妈妈相信这次合作会对小男孩的生活有很大的
28、影响。50. was taken 句意：一天， 一个小男孩被他妈妈带到了帕德雷夫斯基的音乐会。根据句意和空后的to a Paderewskis concert by his mother可知，这里表示“被带到”，应选择动词take，且应用被动语态。短文讲述的是过去的事情，应用过去时态，故填was taken。51. his 句意：他们坐好后，母亲看到了一个朋友，就走过去打招呼，把小男孩一个人留在了他的座位上。根据句意和空后的seat可知，这里表示“在他的座位上”，所给单词he是人称代词主格形式，这里应考查物主代词 ，故填his。52. which 句意：逮住一个机会去欣赏音乐厅的宏伟，小男孩站
29、起来，穿过了一道门，上面写着“禁止进入”。根据句子结构可知，was marked “No Admittance”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a door，从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词which。53. returned 句意：当妈妈返回座位的时候，发现孩子丢了。根据句意she discovered that the child was missing可知，妈妈回来里，动词return，短文使用了一般过去时，故应填过去式 returned。54. Without 句意：在不知道他在什么地方的情况下，小男孩开始弹小星星。根据句意和空后的knowing可知，这里应填介词Without，意为“没有”，句
30、首单词首字母大写。55. quickly 句意：这时，这位伟大的钢琴大师出现了，迅速走向钢琴。根据文意可知，到了钢琴大师表演的时候，因此他快速地走过去，应选quick，又因为此处修饰动词，所以变为副词quickly。56. most exciting 句意：它变成了那个晚上音乐会上最令人激动的一部分。根据句意可知，这里考查句型one of + the+ 最高级，表示“最的之一”。根据上句话Together, the old master and the young beginner changed an embarrassing situation into a wonderfully cre
31、ative experience可知，这里应用exciting，令人激动的，最高级形式是most exciting。57. difference 句意：她相信这样的一次经历会对他九岁的孩子的生活有大的影响。根据句意可知，这里考查短语make a difference to 对有影响，different是形容词，“不同的”，这里填名词difference。58. results 句意：我们尽力了，但结果并不像我们所想的那样完美流畅。根据句意We tried our best是条件，空后表示结果，故应选 result，空后是arent，此处需要填复数，故应填results。59. to achie
32、ve 句意：下一次，当你开始着手完成伟大的作品时，仔细地聆听。根据句意和空后的great works可知，这里应表示“完成伟大的作品”，应选achieve；句中使用了句型set out to do sth.着手做某事，故这里填动词不定式to achieve。【点睛】这是一篇记叙文，短文通过讲述钢琴大师帕德雷夫斯基鼓励一个小男孩弹钢琴的故事，告诉我们：生活中也许我们尽了自己的最大努力，结果也不一定像我们想的那样好。但我们要相信自己处在一个强大的力量中，我们的生活就会变得真正美丽。文章通过叙事讲述道理，可以使学生们更容易理解和把握文章的中心。题型是选择适当的单词完成短文，题目中给出了12个单词，短
33、文中有10个空，有两个词是多余的。做题时，应先浏览所给单词，弄清楚他们的意思和词性；然后阅读短文，了解文章大意，根据上下文语境选择适当的单词，并根据单词在句中的作用以及句中使用的句型，填写单词的适当形式。例如第4小题，根据句意she discovered that the child was missing可知，妈妈回来里，动词return，短文使用了一般过去时，故应填过去式 returned。再如第7小题，根据上句话Together, the old master and the young beginner changed an embarrassing situation into a
34、wonderfully creative experience可知，这里应用exciting，令人激动的。该句使用了句型one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最的之一”，故应填most exciting。Passage 5（2019 四川省南充市）根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确（每词限用一次），并将答案写在答题卡相应编号后的横线上。easy seem long change sinceIn Chinese culture, it is believed that people who have fair(浅色的）skin（皮肤）are more b
35、eautiful. In western culture, however, the opposite is true-many westerners think tanned skin is prettier. It _51_ that different cultures have different ideas of what they think is beautiful.These cultural meanings of beauty, however, are no _52_ important. As more and more people travel overseas,
36、ideas about beauty are being shared among cultures. The Internet has also made it easier for people to share different types of beauty _53_ people are always posting pictures on social media. With the help of the Internet, peoples views about beauty are always一 _54_. People are now able to _55_ borr
37、ow ideas from other cultures to help them stand out. So what new fashions can we expect to see in the future?【答案与解析】【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了不同文化对美丽的看法是不同的。51. seems 句意：似乎不同的文化对他们认为美丽的东西有不同的看法。根据下文different cultures have different ideas of what they think is beautiful.可知这里是说似乎。It seems+that从句，表示似乎。根据句意及所给词，故填
38、seems。52. longer 句意：然而，这些美丽的文化意义不再重要。根据下文As more and more people travel overseas, ideas about beauty are being shared among cultures.no longer可知上文是时说不再重要，no longer表示不再；故填longer。53. since 句意：互联网也使人们更容易分享不同类型的美丽，因为人们总是在社交媒体上张贴图片。根据下文people are always posting pictures on social media.可知这里是表示原因用since。根据
39、句意及所给词，故填since。54. changing 句意：在互联网的帮助下，人们对美的看法总是在改变。根据题意可知用现在进行时，其结构是be doing的形式。change的意思是“改变”，根据句意及所给词，故填changing。55. easily 句意：人们现在可以很容易地从其他文化中汲取灵感，帮助他们脱颖而出。根据下文from other cultures to help them stand out.可知这里是副词修饰动词，easy的意思是“容易的”，副词是easily，根据句意及所给词，故填easily。Passage 6（2019 甘肃省兰州市）阅该下面的短文,用方框中所给单词
40、的适当形式填空，使文意通顺，结构正确。（每个单词限用一次）come first how fly probably meter it for little andHave you ever dreamed of flying to school like Harry Potter? Of course, youre_41_ not a magician. But Speeder could make your dreams _42_ true. Speeder is a flying motorcycle. A US company made _43_. The company calls it
41、 the worlds _44_ flying motorcycle. Speeder can take off _45_ land anywhere. It flies at 240 km per hour at a height of 4,500 _46_ in the sky. To reach that speed, Speeder mainly uses diesel fuel(柴油) to _47_. The company will do more research on _48_ to use clean energy to power Speeder in the futur
42、e. Speeder riders must weigh _49_ than 109 kg. If a rider is too heavy, it will be hard _50_ the motorcycle to take off.【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新的飞行器飞车。飞车是一种飞行摩托。由美国的一家公司研制成功。它可以在任何地方起飞和降落。动力是柴油。它的飞行时速为240公里，飞行高度为4500米。飞车的自重必须小于109公斤。骑车的人不能太重，否则就无法飞行。41. probably 句意：当然，你可能不是魔术师。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：probably
43、；probably是个副词，用在be动词或形容词之后，“可能的”意思，一般用这个词的时候表示这个可能性很大的。本文的语境是：我们可能不是魔术师，不可能像哈利波特那样飞到学校。故答案为：probably。42. come 句意：但飞车可以让你的梦想成真。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：come；come true：梦想成真；本题make的用法：make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。make为使役动词后跟动词原形。故答案为：come。43. it 句意：一家美国公司研制成功了。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：it；根据Speeder is a flying motorcycle. 飞
44、车是一种飞行摩托。本题用代词it来代指上文的speeder。所以答案为：it。44. first 句意：这家公司称之为世界上第一辆飞行摩托车。由空前面的定冠词the可知，本题应该填序数词。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：first；the worlds first flying motorcycle：世界上第一辆飞行摩托车。所以答案为：first。45. and 句意：飞车可以在任何地方起飞和降落。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：and；take off：起飞；land：着陆；这两个动作是并列的。因此应该用and连接。所以答案为：and。46. meters 句意：它以每小时240公里的速
45、度飞行，飞行高度为4500米。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：meter；由4,500可知，后面的名词应该用复数，这里是指飞行的高度为4500米。故答案为：meters。47. fly 句意：为了达到这个速度，飞车主要使用柴油来飞行。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：fly；本题考查use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某物。to是动词不定式符号，后跟动词原形。所以答案填：fly。48. how 句意：公司将在未来对如何利用清洁能源驱动飞车进行更多的研究。疑问词+动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，做research on的宾语。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：how；how to
46、use clean energy to power Speeder：如何利用清洁能源为飞车提供动力。所以答案为：how。49. less 句意：飞车的自重必须小于109公斤。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：little；由比较连词than可知，本应该用形容词的比较级。little的比较级为less。故答案为：less。50. for 句意：如果骑车人太重，摩托车很难起飞。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：for；本题考查句型：It will be +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对来说，做某事是怎么样的。语境是：对于飞车来说，骑车人太重它就很难起飞。故答案为：for。【点睛】选词填空题是初中英语的一个重要题型，它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解等考查于一体，既考查了考生的语言知识水平，又检测了考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性做简单的标记，例如：名词、动词、形容词、副词等等，同时对词义作初步的理解。2. 仔细阅读句子，充分理解句子的意思，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3. 在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选
