1、Period Four Grammar The use of “it”(2)感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer(see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.2It was a scientist called Charles Keeling who made accurate measurem
2、ents of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.3They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.这些句子都是强调句型，句中的划线部分标出了句中的强调结构，即：it is/was被强调部分that/who其他。句首用 it，be 动词总是用单数形式，即 is 或 was，连接词一般用that，当被强调部分
3、是“人”时，连接词也可用 who。强调句型中的 it：1肯定句It is (was)被强调部分 that (who)其他部分：It was in Beijing that I saw the film Wolf Warriors .我是在北京看了电影战狼 。2否定句It is (was) not被强调部分that (who)其他部分It is (was) not until.that其他部分：It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing him again.I did not have an opportuni
4、ty of seeing him again for several years.我有好几年没有机会再见到他了。It was not until twelve oclock last night that he went to bed.He didnt go to bed until twelve oclock last night.昨晚他 12 点才去睡觉。It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.I didnt realize it until I got off the bus.直到下车我才意识到这一点。3疑问句(1)强调
5、句的一般疑问句只需把 is/was 提前，即：Is(Was) it被强调部分that(who)其他部分：Was it you who/that broke the window?是你把窗户打破了吗？(2)强调句的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词即可，即：特殊疑问词is (was) it that其他部分：Who was it that broke the window?打破窗户的是谁？When was it that you called me yesterday?你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？特别提示 (1)不论强调句子的哪一部分，都可用 that 连接句子的其余部分。(2)被强
6、调部分指人时，可用 who 取代 that。(3)it 之后的 be 动词的时态通常要与 that 之后的谓语保持一致。疑难辨析高考中单纯考查 it 强调句型的试题越来越少，更多的是把它放在一个复杂的语境中，其中含有很多干扰因素在内，让人难以判断。具体表现在以下几个方面：1与主谓一致结合在一起考查。强调主语时，that 或 who 后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语的人称与数保持一致。It is he who is wrong.错的是他。2强调句型要注意和 it 代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。It was at 8 oclock that he arri
7、ved home.他是八点到家的。It was 8 oclock when he arrived home.他到家时八点了。3强调句型不能强调谓语，如需强调谓语，用助动词 do，does 或 did。He did write to you last week.他上星期确实给你写信了。4强调句型与定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句结合在一起。It was at the school that/which was named after the hero that he spent his childhood.他是在那所以英雄的名字命名的学校度过了他的童年。单句语法填空1It was only
8、 when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018天津)2It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.(2017天津)3You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津)4It was when we were re
9、turning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015湖南)5Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015重庆)6Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life ha
10、ppy.(2014湖南).单句语法填空1It was in France that he fell in love with oil paintings.2It was on the farm where his father worked that he was born.3How was it that she managed to persuade her husband to resign from the company?4It was Lucy and Mary that were chosen to attend the ceremony.5What was it that ma
11、de your teacher so angry the other day?.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )6It was on the playground he found his jacket.wherethat7It was because of the bad weather the football match had to be put off.sothat8It by selling vegetables that he used to support his family.iswas9It was in the year 1995 she left for the U
12、SA for further study.whenthat10It her parents that helped her out when she was in trouble.werewas.翻译句子11是苏珊和约翰昨天没来上学。It was Susan and John who/that were absent from school yesterday.12直到战争结束他才回到了他的祖国。It was not until the war was over that he went back to his motherland.13这位女士正在寻找的是一本中文词典。It was a Ch
13、inese dictionary that the lady was looking for.14你到底是什么时候收到礼物的？When was it that you received the gift?15这位教授是在 1968 年从山东大学毕业的吗？Was it in 1968 that the professor graduated from Shandong University？基础巩固.单句语法填空1It was not just the size of the party last night but what it meant to our company that made
14、it unique.2He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night that he finished his work.3It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.4When did you come back last night?It was not until 11 oclock when the party ended.5Was it on a lonely island that h
15、e was saved one month after the boat went down?6It is five months since my son went to America.7It was five months ago that my son went to America.8It will be half a year before my son comes back from America.9It was midnight when she was woken up by a phone call.10It was at midnight that she was wo
16、ken up by a phone call.强调下列各句中的黑体部分11I was taught how to drive last year.It was last year that I was taught how to drive.12What he said satisfied all the people present.It was what he said that satisfied all the people present.13In the city where they spent their holiday，they had a quarrel for the f
17、irst time.It was in the city where they spent their holiday that they had a quarrel for the first time.14Where did the police find the missing child? Where was it that the police found the missing child?15They didnt leave to travel until they finished the work.It was not until they finished the work
18、 that they left to travel.16Because they couldnt stand the big noise，they decided to move out of the house near the railway.It was because they couldnt stand the big noise that they decided to move out of the house near the railway.完成句子17It was when he lost what he had that he realized it was very i
19、mportant.(强调时间状语)只有当他失去他所拥有的东西时他才意识到它很重要。18It was because he was ill that he didnt go to school.(强调原因状语)因为生病，他没有去上学。19It was the driver that/who was to blame for the car accident.(强调主语)这位司机应为车祸负责。20I wondered where it was that I had left my wallet.(强调 where)我想知道我把钱包落在哪儿了。21When was it that the tower
20、 was built？( 强调疑问词)这座塔是什么时候建的？22Is it by plane that they will go to travel ？( 强调方式状语)他们将乘飞机去旅行吗？能力提升.阅读理解In 1978，I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney，Australia.I was looking forward to having five days off from duty.Unfortunately，the only one train a day
21、back to my home in Sydney had already left.So I thought Id hitch a ride(搭便车) I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me.Finally，a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon.He said that although he couldnt give me a lift， I should come back to his house for l
22、unch.He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry.I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使放心) me I was safe，and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.When we arrived at his house，he made us sandwiches.After lunch，he helped me find a lift
23、home.Twentyfive years later，in 2003，while I was driving to a nearby town one day，I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat，trying to hitch a ride.I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier.I pulled over and picked him up.I made him comfortab
24、le on the back seat and offered him some water.After a few moments of small talk，the man said to me， “You havent changed a bit，even your red hair is still the same.”I couldnt remember where Id met him.He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago
25、.It was Gordon.语篇解读 25 年前“我”得到 Gordon 的帮助，25 年后 Gordon 又偶然地得到“我”的帮助。作者通过这个故事告诉我们：给予有时会产生好的结果。23The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because .Aher work delayed her trip to SydneyBshe missed the only train back homeCshe was going home for her holidayDthe town was far away from Sydney答案 B解析 细
26、节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，唯一的一趟回家的火车已经离开，所以“我”想搭便车回家，故 B 项正确。24Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2?AHe helped the girl find a ride.BHe gave the girl a ride back home.CHe bought sandwiches for the girl.DHe watched the girl for three hours.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句“.he also offered to h
27、elp me find a lift home afterwards.”及最后一句可知，A 项正确。25The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that .Ashe realized he was GordonBshe had known him for decadesCshe was going to the nearby townDshe wanted to repay the favour she once got答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知， “我”认为这是回报二十五年前给“我”帮
28、助的人的又一次机会。故 D 项正确。26What does the author want to tell the readers through the story?AThose who give rides will be repaid.BGood manners bring about happiness.CGiving sometimes produces nice results.DPeople should offer free rides to others.答案 C解析 写作意图题。综合全文内容可知，25 年前“我”得到 Gordon 的帮助，25 年后Gordon 又偶然地得
29、到 “我” 的帮助。所以作者想通过这个故事告诉我们：给予有时会产生好的结果。故选 C 项。.完形填空This past summer I went on a journey to Canadas Arctic with Students On Ice.When I left Calgary I 27 what I would find，what I would learn and who I would meet.On the trip to Ottawa I was wrapped 28 a blanket of uncertainty and 29 .But when I first me
30、t the group of students，scientists and leaders，I knew that I didnt have 30 to worry about.The group was amazingly receptive and I was soon part of a big family 31 on an amazing adventurean adventure of a lifetime!When we reached the 32 I was surprised by its great size and beauty and my senses were
31、repeatedly 33 and amazed.I stood on the Kapitan Khlebnikov and 34 twelve Polar bears.They walked in 35 of seal holes，and 36 waited for a meal.I learned that polar bears are 37 only one out of every twenty hunting attempts.I saw a vast land that appeared untouched and original.38 ，I learned that the
32、Arctic and its people are being threatened by pollution and global warming.I learned that pollutants are 39 by ocean and air and have a bad 40 on all Arctic people.I learned that global warming has put Polar bears at 41 because a warmer climate means that they have a 42 time to hunt seals on the ice
33、.The trip was a 43 for the senses.I have learned more about our environment，and particularly how alive and interesting the Arctic is and 44 it is so important to take care of it.I learned pollution，ignorance of individual and global problems need to be 45 .The Arctic deserves to be preserved.My trip
34、 with Students On Ice has made me more determined to try to ensure that I do not leave 46 footprints on either Earth or its people.语 篇 解 读 本 文 主 要 讲 了 作 者 去 北 极 地 区 旅 行 的 经 历 ，及 其 所 见 、所 闻 、所 感 。27A.remembered BfeltCdoubted Dwondered答案 D解析 remember 记得；feel 感觉；doubt 怀疑；wonder 想知道。当我离开卡尔加里的时候，我想知道我将会发
35、现什么，我将会学到什么，以及我将会遇见谁。根据句意可知选 D。28A.in Bwith Cup Dson答案 A解析 be wrapped in 完全沉浸于。在去渥太华的途中，我完全被不确定和兴奋笼罩。可知答案为 A。29A.worry BexcitementCsorrow Dsympathy答案 B解析 句意见上题解析。worry 担忧；excitement 兴奋；sorrow 悲痛；sympathy 同情。可知答案为 B。30A.nothing BeverythingCanything Dsomething答案 C解析 nothing 无事；everything 每件事情；anything
36、 任何事情； something 某事。但当我第一次见到这群学生、科学家和领导者们时，我知道我没有什么可担心的。故选 C。31A.setting out Blooking downCgetting along Dbreaking away答案 A解析 set out 出发； look down 往下看；get along 进展；break away 脱离。开始了一场奇妙的冒险。根据句意可知答案为 A。32A.Calgary BArcticCOttawa DKapitan答案 B解析 当我们到达北极的时候，我惊讶于它的壮观和美丽，我的感官被反复地震惊和惊讶。根据句意可知选 B。33A.froze
37、n BawokenCshocked Ddestroyed答案 C解析 句意见上题解析。freeze(使) 结冰；awake 唤醒；shock 使震惊；destroy 毁掉。根据句意可知选 C。34A.counted BseizedCshot Dsaw答案 D解析 count 数数，称得上；seize 抓住；shoot 射击；see 看见。我看到了十二只北极熊。故选 D。35A.search BsightCdirection Dfear答案 A解析 search 搜寻； sight 视力；direction 方向；fear 害怕。它们走着寻找海豹的洞，耐心地等待着一顿饭。in search of
38、 寻找，搜寻，故答案为 A。36A.happily BfirmlyCconstantly Dpatiently答案 D解析 句意见上题解析。happily 高兴地；firmly 坚定地；constantly 不断地；patiently 耐心地。根据句意可知答案为 D。37A.clever Bsuccessful Calive Dcrazy答案 B解析 clever 聪明的； successful 成功的；alive 活着的；crazy 疯狂的。我了解到，北极熊每二十次尝试中只有一次成功。故选 B。38A.Therefore BBesidesCHowever DAnyhow答案 C解析 ther
39、efore 因此；besides 另外；however 然而；anyhow 无论如何。然而，我了解到北极和那里的居民正受到污染和全球变暖的威胁。联系上下文此处表示转折。故选 C。39A.blown BflowedCcarried Dproduced答案 C解析 blow 风吹；flow 流动； carry 搬运；produce 生产。我得知由海洋和空气携带的污染物对所有北极的人都有不好的影响。根据句意可知选 C。40A.effect BresultChabit Dservice答案 A解析 effect 影响；result 结果；habit 习惯；service 服务。 have an eff
40、ect on sth.对有影响，故答案为 A。41A.war Bpeace Cwork Drisk答案 D解析 at war 处于交战状态；at peace 处于和平状态；at work 在工作；at risk 处于险境，受到威胁。我了解到，全球变暖让北极熊受到威胁，因为气候变暖意味着它们在冰面上捕猎海豹的时间更短。故选 D。42A.fewer BshorterCbetter Dharder答案 B解析 句意见上题解析。fewer 较少的；shorter 更短的； better 更好的；harder 更难的。根据句意可知选 B。43A.challenge BfeastCtest Dcomfor
41、t答案 B解析 challenge 挑战；feast 宴会；test 测试；comfort 安慰。这次旅行是感官的盛宴。故选B。44A.how Bwhen C why Dwhere答案 C解析 我对我们的环境有了更多的了解，特别是北极是多么的生机勃勃和有趣，以及为什么照顾它是如此的重要。此处是 why 引导的宾语从句。故选 C。45A.solved BshownCmentioned Dunderstood答案 A解析 solve 解决；show 展示； mention 提到；understand 明白，理解。我了解到污染、个人的无知和全球性的变暖问题需要被解决。故选 A。46A.clear B
42、solidCsteady Dharmful答案 D解析 clear 清楚的； solid 固体的； steady 稳定的；harmful 有害的。努力确保我不会在地球上或其人民身上留下有害的足迹。根据句意可知选 D。.语法填空A rain forest is an area 47 (cover) by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year.Rain forests have a great effect on the world environment because t
43、hey can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. 48 the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere， 49 (warm) the rest of the world.Losing the rain forests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns， potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the wor
44、ld.In the past hundred years，humans 50 (begin) destroying rain forests in search of three major resources：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm 51 (animal)This action affects the environment as a whole.For example，a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning
45、 the rain forests.People 52 (obvious) have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees， 53 we will suffer much more than we will benefit.Rain forests are often called the worlds drug store.More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rain forests.However，fewer than 1% of r
46、ainforest plants have been examined for their 54 (medicine) value.It is extremely likely 55 our best chance to cure diseases 56 (lie) somewhere in the worlds shrinking rain forests.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了雨林的作用，以及人们破坏雨林的原因和造成的影响等。47答案 covered解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰 area，它与所修饰的词之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应
47、用过去分词。故填 covered。48答案 Without解析 考查介词。句意为：没有雨林覆盖的话，这些区域反射到大气中的热量会更多，从而会使地球其余区域变暖。由句意可知此处应用介词 Without。49答案 warming解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，它与其逻辑主语(空前描述的这件事 )之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填 warming。50答案 have begun解析 考查时态。根据本句中的时间状语 In the past hundred years 及下文内容可判断出，此处表示发生在过去，且对现在仍有影响的动作，故应用现在完成时。51答案
48、animals解析 考查名词单复数。animal 是可数名词，根据上下文语境可以判断出，此处应用animal 的复数形式。故填 animals。52答案 obviously解析 考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子应用 obvious 的副词形式。故填 obviously。53答案 but解析 考查连词。句意为：很明显，我们需要那些我们从砍伐树木中获得的资源，但是我们因此遭受的苦难要比我们所获得的益处要多得多。根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为转折关系，所以应用 but。54答案 medical解析 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词 value 作定语，应用 medicine 的形容词形式，故填medical。55答案 that解析 考查主语从句。本句中的 It 作形式主语，后面的从句作真正的主语，因为从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以此处应用 that。56答案 lies解析 考查时态和主谓一致。lie 是从句中的谓语动词，根据上下
