1、Period Four Grammar The use of “it”(1)感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.2It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.3It is my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be 82 years old!4
2、Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.5Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.6This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.7As you know，if you do th
3、e same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.8I didnt know，for example，that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.1it 可以用作非人称代词，指代天气，如句 1；也可以指代 时间，如句 3。2it 用作非人称代词时，可以指代前面所说的部分内容或某个东西 ，如句 4 中的第二个i
4、t、句 6、句 7 和句 8 中的第一个 it。3it 可以代替主语从句，作形式主语，如句 2；也可代替 不定式作形式主语，如句 5 和句8 中的第二个 it。4it 可以代替不定式作形式宾语，如句 4 中的第一个 it。一、it 作人称代词1it 的最基本用法是作代词，主要指上文提到的事物，以避免重复：Xian is a beautiful city，isnt it?西安是个美丽的城市，不是吗？2也可以指动物、婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子 )或不明身份的人：Is this your dog?No，it isnt.这是你的狗吗？不是。Her new baby is tiny；it only we
5、ighs 2 kilos.她刚生的宝宝个头很小，才两千克重。Who is it knocking at the door?It might be the postman.谁在敲门？可能是邮递员。二、it 作非人称代词1指天气：It is a lovely day，isnt it?天气真不错，不是吗？It is a bit windy.有点风。2指时间：It was nearly midnight when she came back.她回来时已近午夜。3指环境：It was very quiet in the caf.咖啡馆里非常安静。4指距离：It is half an hours walk
6、 to the city centre from my home.从我家到市中心有半小时的步行路程。5指日期：Whats the date today? Its May 1,2018.今天是几号？2018 年 5 月 1 日。6指季节：It is summer now.现在是夏季。三、it 作形式主语1it 作形式主语替代动词不定式(1)It beadj.(for sb.) to do sth.此处的形容词通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult ， hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible ，likely，unlikely ，r
7、ight，wrong ，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，wellmannered，illmannered，polite，impolite， clear，obvious，certain，suitable ，proper，fit ，useful，useless，dangerous 等。It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.青少年没有驾照开车是违法的。(2)It beadj.of sb.to do sth.此处的形容词通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice
8、，rude，cruel ，considerate ，thoughtful，thoughtless ，careful，careless，silly，foolish ， stupid，clever，wise，crazy 等。Its kind of you to help me with the problem.帮我解决问题，你真是太好了。2it 作形式主语替代主语从句(1)It isadj.从句It is clear (obvious/true/possible/certain/.) that.该句型中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为 “清楚( 显然，真的)” 。
9、例如：It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.很明显他又胖又高像一棵树。(2)It isv.edthat. Sb./Sth.isv.edto doIt is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped/.) that.该句型中的 it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉)” 。It is said that he has come to Beijing.据说他已经来北京了。It is reported tha
10、t another earth satellite has been put into orbit.据报道另一个地球卫星已发射进轨道。(3)It isn.that.It is a pity (a shame/an honor/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.) that.该句型中，如果表示出乎意料等感情，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should动词原形” ，should 可省去，常译为“竟然” 。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your
11、class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！四、it 作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用 it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。常用的动词有think，believe，make，find，consider，feel 等。 I think it no use arguing with him.我认为和他争吵没有用。I found it very interesting to study English.我发现学英语非常有趣。He made it clear th
12、at he was not interested in this subject.他非常清楚地表示他对这门学科不感兴趣。疑难辨析一、it 替代作主语的动名词或不定式的常见句型Its no good/use doing.Its (well) worth doing.Its worthwhile doing/to do.二、it 常用的固定搭配1make it(1)在口语当中相当于 succeed，表示“成功，做到，说定，赶上，及时到达” 。例如：He never really made it as an actor.他从来就不是一个成功的演员。(2)在口语中相当于 fix the date fo
13、r，表示“约定好时间” 。例如：Shall we meet next week?OK.We just make it next Saturday.我们下星期见面好吗？好。那我们约定好下星期六吧。2take it/things easy 相当于 dont worry 或 dont hurry，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气” 。Take it easy! He will do it well.别担心！他会做好的。3it all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于 it hasnt been decided yet，表示“视情况而定” 。Are you
14、going to the countryside for holiday?It/That all depends.你要去乡村度假吗？那得看情况。4its up to sb.在口语中，相当于 its decided by sb.表示“由决定，由负责，取决于” 。Shall we go out for dinner?Its up to you.我们出去吃晚饭吗？你决定吧。.用适当的代词填空1Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap
15、it can be to eat out.(2018浙江)2It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about bad tables， ” given that theyre profitable.(2018江苏)3Whatever youre looking for，color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.(2018全国)4The event celebrates its 22nd anniv
16、ersary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening.(2018全国)5When it comes to technology and reading，the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.(2018全国)6I cant find my pur
17、se.I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津)7For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.(2018浙江)8However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than
18、25,000 people were using it every day.(2017全国).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )1It was both and frightening to be up there！(2016浙江，短文改错)excitedexciting2Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around .themit(2015浙江，短文改错)3It is difficult to why she barks every minute shes outside.understandin
19、gunderstand(2014辽宁，短文改错)4We were organizing an art exhibition for high school students in the city. will be held on ThisItthe 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai.(2008宁夏，短文改错)5Now，I fully understand how hard is to earn money.(2008浙江，短文改错) it.用适当的代词填空1This house is beautiful with a garden.We
20、 really like it very much.2Well，you mustnt play on the road.It is dangerous.3Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see who it is.4I have a new copy of the book.I d like to send it to you.No，thanks.Id rather buy one in the bookstore.5The mistake made it impossible for us to go on.6From the teachers
21、patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility it is to educate us.7I know it is important to know my own limitations, but what is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.8I would appreciate it very much if you could give me some suggestions.9It never occurred to me t
22、hat you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.10Will you see to it that my children are taken good care of while I am away?.完成句子11Its kind of you to share your dictionary with me.与我共用你的字典，你真是太好了。12Whats worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to observe traff
23、ic rules.更糟的是，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人认为遵守交通规则不重要。13He owes it to his doctor s care that he is quite well again.多亏医生的照料，他的身体又好起来了。14We all take it for granted that Mile can succeed.我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。15How far is it from your hometown to Beijing?从你的家乡到北京有多远？基础巩固.用适当的代词填空1If youre buying today s paper from the sta
24、nd，could you get one for me?2The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.3It is said that he once worked in a factory.4Someone is knocking at the door.Who can it be?5It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.6Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items a
25、re similar to those of McDonalds.7I find it my fault to have hurt her feelings.8New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at lower cost.9The weather here is better than that in Shandong.10I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11I think i
26、mpossible to persuade the man to quit his plan.thatit12. is no wonder that the girl looks so happyshe has won the first prize.ThereIt13This coat looks so nice，so I would like to buy .oneit14The old man said that its no use here so long.waitwaiting15It is a pity that you 或 would miss such a good chan
27、ce.wouldshould能力提升.阅读理解(2017河南新乡延津一中高二检测)The younger generation，according to a new survey，can hardly remember the last time of climbing trees or flying kites， as they are kept indoors and short of outdoor experiences.The survey of 1,000 people found that the current generation of 15 to 34yearolds ha
28、ve fewer memories of 12 key countryside activities such as swimming in the rivers or going fishing.The research found that three quarters of the older generation remembered playing games or climbing trees，compared with two thirds of younger adults.The 55 generation also had more memories of collecti
29、ng stones，visiting a farm or pond dipping.Altogether，two thirds of older people had more memories of playing outdoors compared to just over half of the younger generation.The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) carried out the study at the start of the school term to stress the growing
30、worry that children are not getting outdoors enough.The study has found that 82 percent of people think that schools should provide more outdoor education and most believe nature is still important to children today.Dr Mike Clarke，head of the RSPB，said children who are usually kept indoors are easie
31、r to get “nature deficit disorder”He said public money should be used to take children on day trips to nature and to build wildlife gardens，especially in poor areas.“To many people，it would seem clear and unquestionable that an important part of childhood is exploring the world around you.Unfortunat
32、ely，this is far from the fact and the children are having less time and fewer chances to get close to nature， ” he said.“The RSPB has more than a 40year history in getting children outdoors and is still continuing to play our role.We now need the government and the schools to realize that they shoul
33、d play the most important role in making it possible for all the children to experience，enjoy and benefit from the outdoor environment.”语篇解读 本文分析了现在孩子们在户外活动不多的现状，建议孩子多到大自然中进行户外活动。16Compared with the current generation，the older generation have .Amore homework and exercises when they were childrenBmo
34、re memories of wonderful life in the countrysideCfewer memories of taking part in outdoor activitiesDfewer chances of going on a visit to the big cities答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，现在的年轻一代与老一辈人相比，对乡村活动的记忆更少，所以老一辈人有更多乡村生活的记忆。故选 B。17The RSPB carried out the study in order to tell people to .Aspend more time
35、 with their kidsBcare more about the kids growthClet their kids get more outdoor activitiesDorder the schools to provide outdoor education答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，RSPB 进行研究是为了强调现在孩子们室外运动的不足，让孩子们更多地进行室外活动。故选 C。18According to the passage， “nature deficit disorder” often happens to .Achildren who often
36、stay indoorsBchildren who often go outdoorsCall the younger generationDall the older generation答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“children who are usually kept indoors are easier to get nature deficit disorder”可知，长期待在室内的孩子更容易得“自然缺失症” 。故选 A。19We can learn from Dr Clarkes words in the last paragraph that .Aall the
37、children cant get close to nature and arent healthy any longerBoutdoor activities are the most important for the current generationCthe RSPB is more important than the government and schools in getting kids outdoorsDthe RSPB plays an important role in getting kids outdoors all the time答案 D解析 推理判断题。根
38、据最后一段的内容可知，RSPB 在让孩子们更多地接触自然方面一直起着很大的作用。故选 D。.完形填空Anthony Burgess was 40 years old when he was told by the doctor that he had only one year to live.He had a brain tumor(瘤) that would 20 him within a year.He knew he had a battle.He was completely broken at that time，and he didnt have anything to 21 t
39、o his wife，Lynne， who would soon be a widow(寡妇) Burgess had 22 been a professional novelist in the past，but he always knew that the potential(潜质) was inside him to be a writer.So，for the only 23 of leaving royalties(版税) behind to his wife，he 24 a piece of paper into a typewriter and began 25 .Althou
40、gh he was not 26 whether what he wrote would even be published，he couldnt think of else to do.“It was January of 1960， ” he said， “and according to what the 27 had said，I had a winter and spring and summer to 28 ，and would die with the fall of the 29 .”During that time Burgess wrote very hard， 30 fi
41、ve and a half long novels 31 the year passed by.But Anthony Burgess did not 32 .His cancer had gone into remission(缓解) and then disappeared altogether.In his long and full life as a 33 ， he wrote more than 70 novels；but 34 death sentences，he might not have written at all.Many of us are like Anthony
42、Burgess，hiding 35 inside，waiting for some 36 emergency to bring it out. 37 yourself what youd do if you had Anthony Burgess 38 difficult situation.If I had just a year to live，how would I live 39 from others who would be desperate？What exactly would I do?语篇解读 文章讲述了安东尼伯吉斯被诊断患有脑瘤，艰难的处境激发了伯吉斯的潜能，使他开始写作
43、，最终成为一名小说家。20A.kill BcureCsupport Dchange答案 A解析 根据上文“Anthony Burgess was 40 years old when he was told by the doctor that he had only one year to live.”可知，脑瘤会在一年内要他的命。kill 杀死。故选 A。21A.set out Bworry aboutCleave behind Ddepend on答案 C解析 根据上文“He was completely broken at that time”可知，他没有什么可以留给他的妻子。leave
44、 behind 留下。故选 C。22A.ever BneverCyet Dalways答案 B解析 根据下文“but he always knew that the potential(潜质) was inside him to be a writer”可知，安东尼伯吉斯过去从来不是一个专业的小说家。 never 从不。故选 B。23A.cause BuseCpurpose Drule答案 C解析 根据下文“leaving royalties(版税) behind to his wife”可知他的目的是给妻子留下版税。purpose 目的。故选 C。24A.found BputCadded D
45、dropped答案 B解析 句意为：他将一张纸放进打字机。put 放置。故选 B。25A.learning BresearchingCdrawing Dwriting答案 D解析 根据上文“leaving royalties(版税) behind to his wife”可知，他开始写作。write 写作。故选 D。26A.certain BawareCsurprised Dsatisfied答案 B解析 句意为：虽然他不知道他写的东西是否会被出版，但是他想不出还能做什么。be aware of 意识到，知道。故选 B。27A.wife BfriendCdoctor Dstudent答案 C解
46、析 根据上文“he was told by the doctor”可知，医生告诉他他只有一年的时间了。故选C。28A.think over Bdeal withCwait for Dlive through答案 D解析 根据上文“he had only one year to live”可知，他有一个冬天、一个春天和一个夏天可以度过。live through 度过。故选 D。29A.wall BsnowCcity Dleaf答案 D解析 根据上文“I had a winter and spring and summer”可知，他在下次落叶的时候就要去世了。leaf 叶子。故选 D。30A.re
47、ading BtranslatingCcollecting Dfinishing答案 D解析 句意为：那段时间伯吉斯努力写作，完成了五本半长篇小说。finish 完成。故选 D。31A.until BsinceCbefore Dwhen答案 C解析 这里强调的是这一年还没有过去，他就完成了五本半长篇小说。before 在之前。故选 C。32A.refuse BdieCescape Ddisappear答案 B解析 根据下文“His cancer had gone into remission (缓解) and then disappeared altogether.”可知，他没有死(die)。
48、故选 B。33A.novelist BpoliticianCdesigner Dpatient答案 A解析 根据下文“he wrote more than 70 novels”可知，他作为一名小说家 (novelist)。故选A。34A.without BasCfor Dwith答案 C解析 句意为：要不是死亡判决，他可能根本就不会写作。but for 要不是。故选 C。35A.kindness BgreatnessChappiness Dpain答案 B解析 根据上文“but he always knew that the potential(潜质) was inside him to be a writer”可知，我们很多人都像安东尼伯吉斯一样，将伟大隐藏在内心。greatness 伟大。故选 B。36A.fa
