1、Period Four GrammarThe Attributive Clause () (where，when，why，prep .which/whom)感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.3He was generous with his time，for which I was gr
2、ateful.4The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.5However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.6The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.7.until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at a
3、ll.8The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.9The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.10.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.1关系副词 when 在定语
4、从句中作时间状语( 句 1、5、6)；关系副词 where 在定语从句中作地点状语(句 4、7、9)。 2在“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句中，which 用于指代物( 句 3、8、10)；whom用于指代人(句 2)。 关系副词的指代及功能关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 1.关系副词 when 引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.我仍然记得第
5、一次坐飞机旅行的时候。Ill always remember the years when we worked on the farm.我将永远记住我们在农场工作的那些年。2关系副词 where 引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们住的那个旅馆很干净。Finally，we got to a factory，where many mobile phones of high quality were produced.最后，我们来到一家工厂，在那里许多高质量的手机被生产出
6、来。3关系副词 why 引导定语从句时，先行词常常为 reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 Can you explain the reason why you dont help him? 你能解释一下不帮助他的理由吗？The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.他迟到的原因是他错过了火车。注意：表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，则应用关系代词。试比较： Do you remember
7、the days when we chatted with each other all night？你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when 在从句中作状语 )Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that/which 在从句中作 spent 的宾语)This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(where 在从句中作状语)This is the factory that/which I
8、 visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(that/which 在从句中作 visited 的宾语)I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why 作原因状语)I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用 that/which，不用 why)4 “介词which/whom”引导的定
9、语从句“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用 which 或 whom。修饰物时用which，修饰人时用 whom；关系代词有时也用 whose(作定语)。在这个结构中，介词的确定原则是：(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词等的某种习惯搭配来确定。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for 因而出名)(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my ch
10、ildhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time 在这段时间里)This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera 用照相机)The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。(in the boss company 在老板的公司里)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。The colorless gas wi
11、thout which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词 of。The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors.这位老太太有两个儿子，他们都是医生。I have about 10 books，half of which were written by Mo Yan.我有大约 10 本书，其中一半是莫言写的。注意：(1)有些“动词介词”短语如 look for，look after，call on 等，如果介
12、词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。Is this the book which she is looking for?这就是她在找的那本书吗？The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.护士们正在照看的婴儿都很健康。(2)“介词which/whom”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。That was the way in which she looked after us.那就是她照料我们的方式。He has two daughters，one of whom works as a
13、nurse.他有两个女儿，其中一个是护士。单句语法填空1Selfdriving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(2018江苏)2.The ring was spread over the garden，where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.(2017浙江)3But my connection with pandas goes back to
14、my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas.(2016全国)4We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.(2016天津)5Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry t
15、ears，none of which has been proved.(2016浙江)6Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏)7Opposite is St.Pauls Church，where you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京)8Creating an atmosphere in which employees feel part of a team is a big chall
16、enge.(2015浙江)9The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津)10As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.(2015陕西).单句语法填空1This is the theatre where well visit a wellknow
17、n pianist.2I still remember the night when she left the house.3I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.4The scientist about whom we are talking has gone abroad.5The ice on which you skate must be very hard.6The reason why she changed her mind is quite clear
18、.7The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him.8I saw a house，the windows of which were broken.9The children，all of whom had played the whole day long，were worn out.10The old man has two sons，and both of them are lawyers.11I cant believe the reason that/which she explained to me.12Have y
19、ou visited the park which/that was named after a hero?.用“介词关系代词”完成句子13The town around which I will show you is very beautiful.我将要带你参观的那个城镇非常漂亮。14I went to visit the farm on which my father once worked.我去参观了我父亲曾经工作过的农场。15The young girl，of whom her parents are proud，is very helpful.那个年轻女孩很乐于助人，她的父母以她为
20、荣。基础巩固.单句语法填空1She visited the school last weekend where her mother once worked.2Do you still remember the day when you went to high school?3I dont believe the reason why he was late for school this morning.4Robert is a lawyer to whom you can turn for help when youre in trouble.5Have you seen the fil
21、m for which he became famous ten years ago?6I lost my glasses without which I cant see the blackboard clearly.7Do you know the American singer who/whom/that the two boys are talking about now?8Bob was put into a situation in which he had to lie to his parents.9Do you still remember the days in which
22、 we worked in the countryside?10The real reason for which he gave up his job isnt unknown.句型转换11The house has been pulled down.He lived in the house 10 years ago.The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.12We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding rive
23、r.We settled down in a small village in front of which ran a winding river.13She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now.She has three sons and all of them are abroad now.She has three sons ，all of whom are abroad now.14There are sixty students in our class.Thirty of the students in our class
24、are girls.There are sixty students in our class，thirty of whom are girls.15The school lies in the east of the town.He once studied in the school.The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town.16Do you remember the days？On those days we played together.Do you remember the days when/on
25、which we played together?.完成句子17The factory where/in which he works(他工作的) is the largest one in this city.18The day when/on which his father returned(他父亲回来) from abroad is the happiest day in the boys life.19I dont know the reason why/for which he was absent today(他今天缺席的)20The house which was destro
26、yed in the terrible/big fire(在大火中被毁坏的) has been repaired.21We made a survey among the students,78% of whom(其中 78%的学生) were for this project.22The picture reminded me of the old days(that/which) I spent together with you in America(我和你一起在美国度过的)能力提升.完形填空John entered a college and often worked late unt
27、il 12 at night.He fell into the 23 of smoking a year ago.He smoked so much that he 24 had a cigarette on his lips.He 25 while he read， while he watched television and 26 while he drank a cup of coffee or tea.He smoked nearly forty cigarettes a day，but he was 27 about it.Johns friend， Frank， 28 many
28、times to 29 him not to smoke.“Smoking is bad for your 30 ！” he said.“Youd better give it up.” But his advice didnt 31 .Before long，John 32 that he often got a bad cough， 33 he went to see a doctor.The doctor 34 him carefully and asked whether he often smoked.John told him the 35 .Then the doctor tol
29、d him that his cough was 36 by smoking and he wouldnt get any better unless he stopped smoking.“If not， ” said the doctor， “you will never 37 from your cough and some other illnesses may also be caused.” John became 38 and made up his mind to give up smoking.At the beginning，it was very 39 for him.E
30、very 40 he wanted to smoke，he got something to eat.At last，he was not 41 smoking at all.And he no longer had 42 .语 篇 解 读 本 文 讲 述 了 约 翰 戒 烟 的 故 事 。23A.stage BhabitCinterest Dopinion答案 B解析 fall into the habit of 为固定短语，意为 “染上的习惯 ”。stage 时期；opinion 意见。24A.still BsometimesCnever Dalways答案 D解析 由上文中的 so mu
31、ch 可知，此处应为“嘴里总是叼着烟” 。always 总是，符合语境。25A.stopped BsmokedCburst Dplayed答案 B解析 根据上文，此处应是描写约翰一连串的吸烟场景。stop 停止；burst 爆裂；play 表演。26A.ever BjustCeven Donly答案 C解析 根据上下文，此处 even 用来加强语气。ever 曾经；just 仅仅；only 仅仅。27A.happy BangryCmean Dactive答案 A解析 由前一个分句内容和转折连词 but 可推断出这里表示他很开心。happy 高兴的，符合语境。mean 吝啬的；active 活跃
32、的。28A.forgot BexplainedCleft Dtried答案 D解析 由上下文可知，此处表示弗兰克多次尝试劝朋友戒烟。29A.advise BbegCcommand Dcall答案 A解析 根据下句直接引语的内容可知，此处应是“建议”约翰戒烟。advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事；beg sb.to do sth.恳求某人做某事；command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事。30A.friendship BstudyChealth Dsleep答案 C解析 吸烟有害健康。health 健康，符合语境。friendship 友谊；study 学习；sl
33、eep 睡眠。31A.continue BworkCreturn Danswer答案 B解析 由 But 可知，弗兰克的建议并没起作用。work 在此意为“起作用” 。continue 继续；return 归还；answer 回答。32A.recognized BunderstoodCfound Dshowed答案 C解析 根据下文约翰去看医生可知，此处表示不久约翰“发现”自己咳嗽得厉害。find 发现，符合语境。recognize 认出；understand 理解；show 展示。33A.but BsoCthough Dor答案 B解析 前后两个分句为因果关系，由于约翰咳嗽得很厉害，因此他去
34、看了医生。so 因此，符合语境。34A.saw BjudgedCwatched Dexamined答案 D解析 医生详细地给他做了“检查”并询问他是否经常抽烟。see 看；judge 判断；watch观察；examine 检查。35A.truth BreasonCaccident Ddisease答案 A解析 由下文医生对约翰说的话可推断出，约翰说了“实话” 。truth 事实，符合语境。reason 理由；accident 事故；disease 疾病。36A.followed BrewardedCcaused Deducated答案 C解析 be caused by 意为“由 引起” 。fo
35、llow 跟随；reward 酬谢；educate 教育。37A.attack BrecoverCescape Dsuffer答案 B解析 医生诊断出病因后，建议约翰戒烟，此处强调说如果不戒烟，他将不会“康复” 。recover 康复，符合语境。38A.generous BselfishChopeful Dworried答案 D解析 听了医生的话，约翰开始“担心”起来。worried 担忧的，符合语境。generous 慷慨的；selfish 自私的；hopeful 有希望的。39A.unfair BtiringChard Dpeaceful答案 C解析 由于抽烟已成习惯，所以刚开始戒烟对他来
36、说很“难” 。hard 困难的，符合语境。unfair 不公平的；tiring 令人厌倦的；peaceful 和平的。40A.day BtimeCway Dsecond答案 B解析 根据上下文，此处应是“每次”约翰想吸烟的时候。41A.concerned about Bcertain aboutCafraid of Dinterested in答案 D解析 到最后，约翰对吸烟一点也不“感兴趣”了。be interested in 对感兴趣；be concerned about 关心；be certain about 对有把握；be afraid of 害怕。42A.troubles Bpain
37、sCcoughs Dcigarettes答案 C解析 由于不吸烟了，所以也不“咳嗽”了，对应上文约翰去看医生的事。trouble 麻烦；pain 痛苦；cigarette 香烟。.语法填空(2019黑龙江双鸭山一中高一期末)Last week，we celebrated my parents fiftieth wedding anniversary(周年纪念日)This morning，they left on a long trip to Hawaii.They were as 43. (excite) as if it were their honeymoon(蜜月 )When my pa
38、rents married，they had only enough money for a threeday trip fifty miles from home.They made an 44. (agree) that each day they would put a dollar in a special metal box and save it for a honeymoon in Hawaii for their fiftieth anniversary.Dad was a policeman，and Mom was a school teacher.They lived in
39、 a small house and did all 45. (they) own repairs.Raising five children was a challenge，and sometimes money was short,46. no matter what emergency came up，Dad would not let Mom take any money out of the “Hawaii account(账户) ”As 47. account grew，they put it in a saving account and then bought CDs.My p
40、arents 48. (be) always very much in love since the day they got married.I can remember Dad 49. (come) home and telling Mom， “I have a dollar in my pocket， ” and she would smile 50. him and say， “I know how to spend it.”When each of us children married，Mom and Dad gave us a small metal box and told u
41、s their secret，51. we found attractive.All five of us are now saving for our dream honeymoon.Mom and Dad never told us how much money they had managed 52. (save)，but it must have been fairly large because when they cashed in those CDs，they had enough for the flights to Hawaii and a hotel room for te
42、n days and plenty of spending money.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父母非常恩爱，他们在结婚时用一个金属盒子建立了一个“夏威夷账户” ，在结婚 50 周年纪念日的时候到夏威夷度蜜月。43答案 excited解析 考查词性转换。asadj.as.和一样，主语为 they，指人，故用 excited，表示“兴奋的” 。句意为：他们兴奋极了，好像这次旅行是他们的蜜月一样。故填excited。44答案 agreement解析 考查词性转换。根据前面的不定冠词 an 可知，后接名词形式。make an agreement 达成协议。句意为：他们达成协议
43、，每天他们都会把一美元放在一个特殊的金属盒子里。故填 agreement。45答案 their解析 考查代词。设空处修饰名词 repairs，故用形容词性物主代词。句意为：他们住在一所小房子里，并且自己做所有的修理工作。故填 their。46答案 but解析 考查连词。根据前后句意可知，这里为转折关系。句意为：养五个孩子不容易，而且有时钱很短缺，但不管发生什么紧急情况，爸爸都不会让妈妈从“夏威夷账户”中取出一点儿钱。故填 but。47答案 the解析 考查冠词。这里特指前句中的 Hawaii account(夏威夷账户) ，故用定冠词 the。句意为：随着账户的增长，他们把钱存入储蓄账户，然后
44、购买 CD。故填 the。48答案 have been解析 考查动词的时态。根据 since 可知用现在完成时，表示从结婚那天一直持续到现在。句意为：从结婚那天起，我的父母就一直非常恩爱。故填 have been。49答案 coming解析 考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth.记得做过某事，此处与连词后面的 telling 作并列宾语。句意为：我记得爸爸回家告诉妈妈。故填 coming。50答案 at解析 考查介词。smile at sb.对某人微笑。句意：她会微笑着对他说：“我知道怎么花这笔钱。 ”故填 at。51答案 which解析 考查定语从句。这里为非限制性定语从句，
45、指代前面的一件事，故用关系代词which。句意为：后来我们几个孩子都先后成家，父母给我们每人都送了一个小金属盒子，并且告诉我们他们的秘密，我们发现这招确实很让人着迷。故填 which。52答案 to save解析 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.设法完成某事。句意为：父母从来没有告诉我们他们究竟存了多少钱。故填 to save。.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。When you are learning English，listening，speaking and writing are important，but reading can al
46、so be very helpful.When you read，you can not only learn some new words，but also you can learn how to use these English words.When you read，it gives you a good example for writing.Read something that you can (more or less) understand.If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary，it is not
47、 interesting.Reading books with reasonable number of new words is very important.If there are four or five new words on a page，write them in your notebook.But you dont have to write them while you read.Instead， try to guess their meanings as you read：mark them with a pen.Then come back when you have
48、 finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book.Then try to remember them.You should develop a good habit of reading.For example，read for a short time once a day.Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday.Fix(固定) a time to read and keep to it.You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed，or when you get up
