1、Period Four Grammar Direct Speech and Indirect Speech() ：requests and commands观察下列句子的变化，完成方框下的小题。1He said to Ann， “Tell me your problem.”He told Ann to tell him her problem.2David said to me， “Leave the room quietly.”David ordered me to leave the room quietly.3 “Could you please arrive by 8：00？” she
2、 asked.She asked me to arrive by 8：00.4 “Be careful with the dog，boys， ” she said.She warned the boys to be careful with the dog.5 “Dont work in bed，Tom， ” she said.She told Tom not to work in bed.如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常采用“动词宾语不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有 tell，order，ask，warn ，如句 1、2、4。若直接引语是“Could/Can/Will/Would.p
3、lease？”型一般疑问句，变间接引语时常用“ask sb.to do sth.”结构，且 please 要去掉，如句 3。如果转述的祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加 not，如句5。一、祈使句变间接引语如果直接引语是表示命令、建议或提议、请求、警告或提醒的祈使句，变为间接引语时通常要将祈使句的动词原形变成带 to 的不定式，并在不定式前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气或态度加上ask，tell，order ，suggest，advise ，beg，warn，remind， invite，request，command，encourage 等动词。1表示命令的祈使句引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时
4、常采用 ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.的形式。(1)“Finish the task in ten minutes， ” the manager said to the clerk.The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes.(2)“Keep silent！” said the chairman.The chairman ordered us to keep silent.2表示建议等的祈使句当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句(或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句)时，多用 su
5、ggest doing/that 从句(suggest 后接 that 从句时，从句使用虚拟语气“should动词原形” ，should 也可省略) ，及 ask/advise/want/beg sb.to do sth.结构。(1)Mary said， “Lets go to the art exhibition this afternoon.”Mary suggested our going to the art exhibition that afternoon.Mary suggested that we (should) go to the art exhibition that a
6、fternoon.(2)“Please have a rest， ” she said to us.She asked us to have a rest.3表示警告或提醒的祈使句引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用 remind，warn 等词转述。(1)“Take an umbrella in case of rain， ” his mother said to him.His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain.(2)The leader said to the workers， “Dont speak while wo
7、rking.”The leader warned the workers not to speak while working.注意：(1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：not/never to do sth.。(2)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作主句谓语动词的宾语用。She said， “Dont make so much noise，children ！”She told the children not to make so much noise.二、表示请求的一般疑问句变间接引语若直接引语是“Could/Can/
8、Will/Would .please？”型一般疑问句，变间接引语时常用 “ask sb.to do sth.”结构，且 please 要去掉。(1)“Would you buy some bread for me？” he said to her.He asked her to buy some bread for him.(2)“Would you sleep and get up early，children ？” Father said .Father asked the children to sleep and get up early.三、感叹句变间接引语直接引语为感叹句时，间接引
9、语可用 what 或 how 引导，也可以用 that 引导。“What a beautiful dress it is！” the girl said to her friend.The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was.The girl told her friend that it was a very beautiful dress.直接引语与间接引语互换1He said to us， “Lets get there by train.”He suggested getting there by train.He su
10、ggested that we should get there by train.2 “Shall we turn off the TV？ ” she asked.She suggested turning off the TV.3 “Why dont you swap the TV with the bookcase？” she said.She asked/advised me to swap the TV with the bookcase.4 “Would you like a cup of tea？” she asked.She asked me to have a cup of
11、tea.5 “What a nice car it is！” the lady said.The lady said what a nice car it was .6Tom said to his mother， “Would you please tell me a story？”Tom asked his mother to tell him a story.7The policeman said to them， “Dont go through the red lights.”The policeman told them not to go through the red ligh
12、ts.8The host said to the guests warmly， “Please make yourselves at home.”The host told the guests to make themselves at home.9Miss Lee told the kids not to look out of the window.Miss Lee said to the kids， “Dont look out of the window.”10The guide asked the visitors to follow her into the palace.The
13、 guide said to the visitors， “Follow me into the palace.”基础巩固.将下列直接引语改为间接引语1 “Dont swim out too far， ” the teacher said to the boys.The teacher told the boys not to swim out too far.2 “Do，please，send me to a warm climate， ” she said to me.She asked me to send her to a warm climate.3 “Make sure the d
14、oor is shut when you go out， ” father said to me.Father told me to make sure that the door was shut when I went out.4Sally asked me， “Will you please pass me the dictionary？”Sally asked me to pass her the dictionary.5 “What a lovely girl she is！” he said.He said what a lovely girl she was./He said t
15、hat she was a lovely girl.将下列间接引语改为直接引语6She told us not to touch anything unless told to when we were in the lab.“Dont touch anything unless told to when you are in the lab， ” she said to us.7He asked me never to phone him after midnight.“Never phone me after midnight， ” he said to me.8He asked us t
16、o tidy the lab as soon as we could.“Please tidy the lab as soon as you can， ” he said to us.9Mary reminded me not to forget to answer the letter.Mary said to me， “Dont forget to answer the letter.”10He advised me to tell the boys father if he refused to help.He said to me， “If the boy refuses to hel
17、p，tell his father.”.完成句子11He told me to follow his instructions.他告诉我要听从他的指令。12She asked me to tell Mr White that she was there.她让我告诉怀特先生她在那里。13He told the kids not to make so much noise.他告诉孩子们不要太过吵闹。14He ordered the man to go away.他命令那个人出去。15She advised me not to tell the news to him.她建议我不要把这个消息告诉他。
18、能力提升.完形填空Throughout history，people have been interested in knowing how language first began，but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. 16 ，we do know a lot about 17 ，the languages of today and also the languages of 18 times.There are 19 about three thousand languages in the world today.Chi
19、nese is the language 20 the most speakers.English，Russian and Spanish are also spoken by many millions of people. 21 ，some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.There are several important 22 of languages in the world.For example，most of the languages of 23 are in one large fami
20、ly 24 the IndoEuropean language family.The original(最初的) language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years 25 .Many of the present languages of Europe and India are modern 26 of the language of 4,500 years ago.Languages are 27 changing.The English of today is very different 28 the English of 500
21、years ago.Over time some even 29 completely.About 1,000 years ago 30 was a little known relative of German 31 on one of the borders(边界) of Europe.If a language has 32 speakers or if it is very old，there may be 33 in the way it is spoken in different areas.That is，the language may have several 34 .Ch
22、inese is a good example of dialect differences.Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by many millions of speakers.The differences among the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China 35 understand speakers from other parts.语 篇 解 读 本 文 主 要 说 明 了 语 言 的
23、起 源 及 变 化 。16A.But BSoCHowever DBesides答案 C解析 语言的起源一直是人们感兴趣的事情，但是没人确切地知道语言的起源究竟是怎样的。然而，我们还是对语言有许多了解。but 后不能出现逗号，因此此处用 however 表转折。17A.English BhistoryCChinese Dlanguages答案 D解析 由上下文可知，此处讲的是对语言的认识，而不单纯是对汉语或英语的认识。空后的“the languages of. ”是提示。18A.earlier BlatterCmodern Dhard答案 A解析 人们对现在的语言以及更早的语言有所了解。由上下文
24、可知此处与 today 对应。19A.frequently BprobablyCfluently Dgradually答案 B解析 现在世界上可能有大约三千种语言。probably 可能，符合语境。frequently 频繁地；fluently 流利地；gradually 逐渐地。20A.for BwithCin Dof答案 B解析 由 with 引导的介词短语作定语，修饰 language，表示“汉语是使用人数最多的一种语言” 。21A.In a word BAt presentCOn the one hand DOn the other hand答案 D解析 上文提到汉语是使用人数最多的一
25、种语言，接着又说英语、俄语和西班牙语也有数百万人使用，后文话锋一转讲到，还有不到一百人使用的语言。on the other hand 另一方面，符合语境。in a word 总之；at present 现在；on the one hand 一方面。22A.blocks BaccentsCfamilies Dchanges答案 C解析 由后面的内容可知语言有几大语系(family) 。 “For example，most of the language of are in one large family the IndoEuropean language family.”也是提示。block
26、块；accent口音；change 变化。23A.Europe BAsiaCAfrica DAmerica答案 A解析 由后面的“IndoEuropean language family”可知，欧洲的大多数语言都属于一个大的语系印欧语系。24A.called BspokenCcalling Dspeaking答案 A解析 过去分词 called 作定语，表示 “被称作” 。25A.before BagoClater Dold答案 B解析 由前面的 was spoken 可知，此处应该用与一般过去时连用的 ago。before 用于完成时的句子中。26A.times BfamiliesCform
27、s Dmembers答案 C解析 现在印度与欧洲的许多语言实际上就是 4 500 年以前的语言的现代形式(form)。27A.always BseldomCoften Dsometimes答案 A解析 由下文可知，语言一直都在发展变化。always 与现在进行时态连用表示 “总是” 。28A.about BwithCin Dfrom答案 D解析 be different from 与不同，为固定短语。29A.die out Bdie awayCdie down Ddie off答案 A解析 随着时间的推移有些语言甚至完全消失了。die out 灭绝，消失，符合语境。die away 逐渐模糊，
28、逐渐减弱； die down 逐渐变弱，暗淡；die off 相继死去。30A.Spanish BEnglishCChinese DRussian答案 B解析 一千年前的英语还与欧洲边界地区人们讲的德语有亲戚关系。31A.called BtoldCspoken Dnamed答案 C解析 表示“讲(某种语言)”用 speak，此处用过去分词作定语表示被动。32A.a great deal of Ba fewCa little Da number of答案 D解析 讲某种语言的人多或某种语言很古老，那么不同地区人们说话的方式就有差别。A、C 项只修饰不可数名词；a few 表示“几个” ，意义不符
29、。33A.speakers BdifferencesCidentity Dchanges答案 B解析 由上文可知此处指人们说话方式的不同(difference)。34A.dialects BspellingsCusages Dexpressions答案 A解析 根据后一句中的 dialect differences 可知，一种语言可能有几种方言。 dialect 方言，符合语境。35A.mustnt Bmay notCwont Dcant答案 D解析 汉语方言的差别如此之大，以至于来自不同地区的人都无法相互沟通。此处表示“不会，不能” ，故用 cant。.语法填空Believe it 36.
30、not，I used to live in the same apartment with Mo Yan，who requested that the 12year education 37. (be) shortened to 10 years at the Two Sessions(两会) He is also a famous Chinese writer who won the Nobel Prize in literature for his novel Frog.He has many other famous works，such 38. Red Sorghum (红高粱) an
31、d The Republic of Wine (酒国) which 39. (recognize) to be the most imaginative Chinese novel.As far as I know，he often makes use of his spare time 40. (talk) with the native people and sets down what he has heard.41. (actual)，he visits the native people so frequently that he knows them very well.So，it
32、 is natural that the novels written by him 42. (base) on real life.Most importantly，the way he expresses his feelings and ideas is different from other novelists(小说家) As one of the most important 43. (writer) in China，his works are read by a great number of readers and play 44. very important part i
33、n Chinese literature.That is 45. he works hard and practises writing frequently.语 篇 解 读 本 文 介 绍 了 在 两 会 上 提 出 将 12年 教 育 改 为 10年 的 作 家 莫 言 。36答案 or解析 考查固定搭配。believe it or not 信不信由你，是固定短语。37答案 (should) be解析 考查虚拟语气。request 请求，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用 “should do”形式，should 可以省略。38答案 as解析 考查固定搭配。such as 例如，是固定短语。39答
34、案 is recognized解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。全文整体时态是一般现在时，故该处用一般现在时，主语 The Republic of Wine 与 recognize 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，故该处用一般现在时的被动语态，填 is recognized。40答案 to talk解析 考查非谓语动词。make use of time to do sth. 利用时间做某事。41答案 Actually解析 考查副词。在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词。actually 事实上。42答案 are based解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句主语是 novels，故谓语用复数
35、形式。be based on 以为基础。43答案 writers解析 考查名词的单复数。设空前是 one of the most important“最重要的之一” ，故该空用名词的复数形式。44答案 a解析 考查冠词。play a very important part in 在中起非常重要的作用。45答案 because解析 考查名词性从句的连接词。该句前面提到的“在中国文学中起非常重要的作用”是“努力并经常练习写作”的结果，故该空填 because。That is because. 那是因为。.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Boys like to
36、be considered to be brave，but what kind of things can be considered to be brave? It is not a question that can be answered by words，but by the actual deed.A boy with the name Henry gave us a good example.Ronny and Henry were two friends in the same class.They always played together and went home tog
37、ether.One day as Ronny and Henry were going home after school，they saw some people fighting in the street corner.Ronny said excitedly， “Some people are fighting! Lets go and have a look！” But Henry refused， “Its none of our business.Wed better go home and not get close to them.Also our parents are e
38、xpecting to have dinner with us together at home and I dont want them to worry about me.”“You are a coward and afraid to go， ” said Ronny and off he ran to the spot(地点) with some other boys.Henry had to go home alone and didnt think about it anymore.But Ronny thought Henry was a coward and told all
39、the boys that.They laughed at him a great deal.From then on，they looked down upon Henry and didnt want to play with him.Henry was sad but he wasnt angry with Ronny for his rude behavior，because he had learned that true courage was shown most in bearing misunderstanding when it was not deserved(值得) ，
40、and that he ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong.Thus，he just ignored the other boys laughter and continued to stick to(坚持) his thought and go to school and study as well.However，Ronny didnt invite Henry to go home with him anymore.Instead，he had his new friends who also thought Henry was a
41、 coward.Every day after school，they didnt go home directly but went to the river or somewhere to play games and had lots of fun.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：A few days later，something terrible happened to Ronny. Paragraph2：At
42、that moment，Henry happened to pass by. 参考范文A few days later，something terrible happened to Ronny.That afternoon after school， Ronny was bathing with some of his new friends in the river happily.Suddenly，he was stuck in the mud and couldnt get out.He struggled hard but he was still trapped.He screame
43、d for help，but all in vain.The boys who had called Henry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could.They were so scared and did not even try to help him.At that moment，Henry happened to pass by.He heard the screams and went to the river as fast as possible.Seeing Ronny was almost drowned，Henry took off his clothes immediately and jumped into the water without any hesitation.He reached Ronny just as he was sinking the last time.With great effort，and with much danger to himself，he brought Ronny to the shore in time.Henry was happy to help his friend，though he was extremely tired.
