1、,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,Period Four GrammarDirect Speech and Indirect Speech (I)： statements and questions,PART1,语法导学,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题,语法感知,1.She said to me，“I came back an hour ago.”She told me that she had come back an hour before. 2.“Can you help me with my chemistry？” Tom asked Sara.
2、Tom asked Sara if/whether she could help him with his chemistry. 3.The lawyer said，“I will come this morning.”The lawyer said that she/he would go that morning. 4.“Where have you been these days？” he asked.He asked me where I had been those days.,5.Our geography teacher said to us，“The sun rises in
3、the east and sets in the west.” Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,1.在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，从句的主语常常按照一定的规律发生变化，从句中的时态往往有一定改变，如句1、3；但陈述 时时态不变，如句5。 2.直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由 或引导的宾语从句，其主句动词常用ask，如句2。 3.直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由相应的 引导的宾语从句，如句4。 4.语序变化：如果直
4、接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为，如句2、4。,查看答案,if,客观事实或真理,whether,陈述句语序,疑问词,对于直接引语和间接引语的掌握，我们可以遵循这样一个原则：一个概念，两种形式，三种句型，四种变化。 一个概念：直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。 两种形式：直接引语一般前后要加引号；间接引语不用加引号。 三种句型：陈述句、疑问句和祈使句。 四种变化：人称、时态、语序和状语。,语法精析,一、陈述句 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导，that在口语中可以省略。 The man said，“I am very p
5、oor.” The man said (that) he was very poor. 二、疑问句 1.直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。 He asked me，“Are you interested in WeChat？” He asked me if/whether I was interested in WeChat. 2.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who，whom，whose，how，when，why，where等引导。 “Why did she refuse to go there？” the teacher asked
6、. The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.,三、直接引语变为间接引语时的四种变化 1.直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称的变化。对于人称的变化，可记住下面的顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 (1)“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。 She said，“My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her.,(2)“二随
7、宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 He asked Kate，“How is your sister now？” He asked Kate how her sister was then. (3)“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.” Mr Smith said J
8、ack was a good worker.,2.直接引语变为间接引语时，主句的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。变化如下：,His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.” 他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语改为过去进行时) The organizer said，“We have beg
9、un our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时) The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语改为过去完成时),注意：直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态不发生变化的情况： (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher told me. The teacher told me that
10、the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. (2)直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Tom said，“I was born on April 21,1980.” Tom said he was born on April 21,1980.,(3)主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。 He says，“I am very happy.” He says that he is very happy. 3.语序的变化 直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句
11、，变为间接引语时要把疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序。 He asked me，“Do you really understand the meaning of the sentence？” He asked me if/whether I really understood the meaning of the sentence.,4.其他变化 时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。,She asked，“Is this book his？” 她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this) She asked whether that book was his. 她问那本书是不是他
12、的。(间接引语中改为that) “Ill be very busy today，” said the man. 那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today) The man said he would be very busy that day. 那个人说，那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day) 注意：如果转述时是在原来的地方或说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。,单句语法填空 1.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it _ (be) more effect
13、ive at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming. (2018全国) 2.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.(2017全国) 3.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.(2016全国),高考链接,is,has b
14、een told/was told,were,查看答案,4.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution. (2015四川) 5.We must find out Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him. (2015重庆) 6.You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015湖南) 7.I truly believe beauty com
15、es from within.(2015北京) 8.Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京),查看答案,why,when,where,that,whatever,PART2,达标检测,当堂检测 基础达标演练,.直接引语与间接引语间相互转换(每空1词) 1.She said，“My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.” She said that mother to an exhibit
16、ion . 2.My sister said to me，“I will come here next week.” My sister me that next week. 3.“How are you feeling now？” the doctor asked him. The doctor asked him feeling .,.单句语法填空,查看答案,her,had taken her,the day before,told,she would go there the,how he was then,4.“Can you tell me how to get to the nea
17、rest restaurant？” the woman asked the policeman. The woman asked the policeman tell how to get to the nearest restaurant. 5.“The sun is bigger than the moon，” the teacher said to us. The teacher us that the sun bigger than the moon. 6.Mr Smith asked Mary if she would go out with him that night. “ go
18、 out with ，Mary？” said Mr Smith. 7.She told me that she would fly to London the next day. She said to me，“ fly to London .”,if/whether he could her,told is,Will you,me tonight,I will,tomorrow,查看答案,8.Toms mother asked him why he has made so many mistakes in his homework that time. Toms mother said to
19、 him，“ so many mistakes in your homework ？” 9.He asked me if I had visited Beijing two years before. “ Beijing two years ？” he asked me. 10.“How often do you go to the library？” the teacher asked the student. The teacher asked the student to the library.,Why have you made,this time,Did you visit,ago
20、,how often he/she went,查看答案,Li Ping told me that he 11. (have) a talk with his father two days before.His father asked him 12. he wanted to be and 13. hed like to be a lawyer.Li Ping said that he 14. (be) not sure about his future career.He told his father that there 15. (be) an exam the next week a
21、nd 16. he didnt know how many times he 17. (fail) and whether he 18. (can) catch up with others.He hoped that his father 19. (will) not give him too much pressure from then on.His father told him that failure 20. (be) the mother of success and hoped that he would believe in himself.,had had,what,whether/if,was,would be,that,.语法填空,查看答案,had failed,could,would,is,
