1、Unit 19 Language,The Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century，about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.In the next century，people from England started moving to other parts of the world，so English began to be spoken in many other countries.,话题
2、导入,All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.The English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.Actually，it was based more on German than present-day English.Then from about AD 800 to 1150 English changed even more.It became less l
3、ike German，and more like French because those who ruled England at that time spoke French.It became closer to the language you are learning now.In the 1600s，Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.One big change in English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote The American Dicti
4、onary of the English Language，giving American English its own identity.Later，when some British people went to Australia，English began to be spoken there.Now Australian English has its own identity，too.,English is also spoken as a foreign or second language in Asia and Africa.India has a very large n
5、umber of English speakers.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.In China，English has been used in Hong Kong since about 1842.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.China may have the largest number of English speakers.Will Chinese English become on
6、e of the world Englishes？Only time will tell.,根据上文判断正(T)误(F) 1.In the 17th century，English began to be spoken in many other countries.( ) 2.From AD 450 to 1150，English sounded more like French.( ) 3.From AD 800 to 1150，English sounded less like German.( ),T,F,T,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,达标检测,课文预读,Period One Wa
7、rm-up & Lesson 1 Language Learning,基础自测,.重点单词 1. n.流利度，流畅度adj.流利的，流畅的adv.流利地，流畅地 2. n.精确度，准确度adj.精确的adv.精确地 3. adv.全国性地 4. adj.为感到高兴的；感谢的,fluency fluent fluently accuracy accurate accurately nationwide thankful,5. v.折叠；交叉 6. n.趋势，倾向 7. n.缺乏；缺席adj.缺席的，不在场的 8. n.理论；学说 9. n.(语言)习得vt.获得；取得；学到 10. vt.达到；
8、获得,fold,trend,absence absent,theory,acquisition acquire,attain,11. vt.环绕，围绕adj.周围的，附近的n.(常用复数)环境；周围的事物 12. adj.足够的，充分的 13. vt.确保，保证 14. vt.&vi.加速 15. n.目标 16. vt.扩大；扩展；扩充；增大,surround surrounding,adequate,ensure,accelerate,target,enlarge,17. vt.保证；担保；确保n.保证；保证书；保修单 18. vt.调节；调整 19. vt.告知，通知 20. n.通告；
9、宣告vt.宣布；宣告；通知,guarantee,adjust,inform,announcement announce,.重点短语 1. 超过，多于 2. 显眼，突出 3. 获得成功；取得进步 4. 依赖，指望 5. 确保 6. 也，又，还 7. 记住 8. 以免，万一,more than,stand out,get ahead,rely on/upon,make sure,as well,keep in mind,in case,.重点句式 1.Theres no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没有意义的。 Theres no point (read) the news
10、 in English if youve already watched it in your own language. 如果你已看了母语新闻，再读英语的这则新闻就没有意义了。,reading,2.Itbedone that.was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 早在18世纪人们就预言英语有一天会成为全球性语言，而这一预言在过去的几十年中已经
11、得到证实。 3.be of抽象名词 This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must . 这(足够量的语言输入)可以以高质量的阅读和听力材料的形式呈现。,It,be of the highest quality,4.whether.or.不管还是 Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking writing. 不管是说还是写，高质量的输入才能确保高质量的输出。 5.不定式作目的状语 However，putting in those e
12、xtra 15 minutes a day does take dedication.(stay) dedicated，you need to keep in mind why you are learning English. 然而，每天坚持这额外的十五分钟的确需要专心致志。为保持这种专心致志的势头，你需要记住你为什么要学英语。,or,To stay,课文预读,.课文判断正(T)误(F) 1.In the 18th century，people predicted that English would be widely used.( ) 2.While learning a foreign
13、 language，its impossible to learn it without a native language environment.( ) 3.Its necessary for students to learn English by getting a large amount of high quality input in English.( ) 4.Experts advise enlarging your vocabulary as much as possible every day.( ) 5.If you can speak English very wel
14、l，youll have a brighter future.( ),T,F,T,F,F,.课文阅读理解 1.Why have more and more people decided to learn English in recent years? A.Because they think its cool to know a new language. B.Because English is a compulsory course in schools. C.Because the growth of international companies and the great adva
15、nces in communications make people realize they need to learn English as a foreign language. D.Because English is easier to master than any other language.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,2.According to some theories，what is the best way to learn a foreign language? A.Learning a foreign language in its native language
16、 environment. B.Remembering all the words in the dictionary. C.Practicing it in your daily life as much as you can. D.Watching English movies and listening to English songs.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,3.What should teachers do to help students learn English in the classroom? A.Let students memorize some English p
17、assages. B.Try to explain the English grammar clearly. C.Tell some English jokes to make students interested in English. D.Try to create a rich language environment in the classroom.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A.Set achievable targets and ask your fri
18、ends to motivate you. B.Use all your spare time to study English. C.If you reach a target，treat yourself. D.Learn English with your friends and share learning strategies with each other.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,5.When you learn English，what do you need to keep in your mind to stay dedicated? A.Your targets. B.
19、The time you spend on English. C.The reason why you are learning English. D.The methods of studying English.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,.课文难句分析 1.In todays world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead. 句式分析 动名词短语“being able to speak more than one language，i
20、ncluding English”作 ，表示一般情况； how引导的从句为 从句，其中包含两个并列的 stand out和get ahead。 自主翻译 _ _,主语,表语,当今世界，想要脱颖而出并获得成功，至少要会讲两种语言，其中包括英语。,谓语,2.What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums. 句式分析 that引导 从句；there is an adequate
21、amount of.是_从句；conveyed.是过去分词短语作 ，修饰an adequate amount of input in English。 自主翻译 _ _,表语,宾语,后置定语,这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。,要点探究,In todays world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead. 当今世界，想要脱颖而出并获得成功，至少要会讲两种语言，其中包括英语。,stand out突出；显眼；引人注目；出
22、色 stand by袖手旁观；支持 stand for代表；象征 stand up for支持；坚持；拥护；捍卫,重点词汇,(1)A rethink is requiredand as a new approach starts to become apparent，two ideas stand out. 需要重新考虑一下，并且因为一种新方法开始变得明显起来，有两种观点脱颖而出。(2017江苏) (2)How can you when those boys are kicking the cat？ 当那些孩子们在踢那只猫时，你怎能站在一旁不管呢？ (3)The letters PLA the
23、 Peoples Liberation Army of China. PLA这几个字母代表中国人民解放军。,stand by,stand for,单句改错 (4)Lin Shuhaos talents stand up among his teammates.,out,get ahead获得成功；取得进步 get along/on进展；相处 get away with逃脱；免受惩罚 get in进入；收集；收割 get over克服；恢复 get through用完；做完；通过；接通(电话),(5)The students in Class Four got ahead in learning
24、 English last term. 四班的学生上学期在英语学习方面取得了进步。 (6)Dont be tempted to cheatyoull never it. 别想着作弊对作弊者会严惩不贷。 (7)I tried phoning her office，but I couldnt . 我试过打她办公室电话，但没打通。,get away with,get through,单句改错 (8)The burglar got into from the back door.,in,However，learning English as a foreign language is very dif
25、ficult in the absence of a native language environment. 然而，在缺乏母语环境的情况下学习作为外语的英语是很困难的。,(1)absence n.缺乏；不在，缺席 absence from.缺席；离开 during/in ones absence在某人缺席时 in the absence of在缺乏的情况下 (2)absent adj.缺席的，不在场的；缺乏的 be absent from.缺席,图解助记,(1)Repeated absences from school made him fail in the exam. 一再缺课使他考试不
26、及格。 (2)In the absence of wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly. 在没有灰狼的情况下，丛林狼的数量增长也很快。(2017全国) 句型转换 (3)The decision was made while I was not there. The decision was made . 单句改错 (4)At times he would be absence for a few days.,in/during my absence,absent,Some respected theories on language acqui
27、sition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it. 一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。,(1)surround vt.环绕，围绕 surround.with.使包围 be surrounded by/with被所包围 (2)surrounding adj.周围的，附近的 (3)surroundings n.(pl.)周围的事物；环境；气氛,(1
28、)When the car stopped in the town square，it was surrounded by/with soldiers soon. 该汽车停在城镇广场时很快被士兵包围了。 (2)Make sure the people you yourself are supportive. 你要确保围绕在自己身边的人是支持你的。(2015福建) (3)Determining where we are in relation to our (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival. 根据我们周围的环境来确定自己
29、身在何处，这是我们必不可少的一项生存技能。(2017江苏),surround with,surroundings,单句改错 (4)When he woke up，he found himself surrounding by all his workmates. 高级表达 (5)Our village is surrounded with a lot of trees and it looks so peaceful.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) ，our village looks so peaceful.,Surrounded with a lot of trees,surrounded,
30、Therefore，most of us have to rely on what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum. 因而，大多数人还是得靠学校的语言课程来学习外语。,rely on/upon 依赖；依靠；指望 rely on/upon sth. /sb. 依赖某事(物)/人 rely on/upon sb. doing/to do sth. 依赖某人做某事 rely on/upon it that.相信；指望,(1)You can always rely on/upon Jim，because he wont f
31、ail you. 你可以一直信任吉姆，他不会让你失望的。 (2)You cant just rely on your parents (lend) you the money. 你不能仅仅指望你的父母借给你钱。 单句改错 (3)You may rely on that he will do a good job of it.,lending/to lend, it,Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing. 不管是说还是写，高质量的输入才能确保高质量的输出。,ensure vt.确保，保证；保护
32、 ensure sb. sth. 保证某人某事 ensurethat从句 确保 ensure sb. against sth. 保护某人不受,(1)All the necessary steps have been taken to ensure their safety. 已采取所有必要措施确保他们的安全。 (2)We should ensure ourselves all possible risks. 我们要保护自己，以防备所有可能的危险。 (3)We hope that our work will help with technological solutions to older d
33、rivers stay safer behind the wheel. 我们希望我们的工作会用技术上的解决方案确保老年人驾车更安全。 (2017全国),against,ensure that,句型转换 (4)The government took proper measures to ensure the success of the conference. The government took proper measures to the conference would succeed.,make sure,Knowing the main stories before reading
34、will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English. 阅读前了解故事梗概将会保证你在用英语阅读时理解得更好。,guarantee vt.保证；担保；确保；n.保证；保证书，保修单；抵押品 guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会做某事；必定会做某事 give sb. a guarantee that.向某人保证 under guarantee在保修期内,guarantee 保证做某事；保证,(1)Even if you complete your traini
35、ng，I cant guarantee you a job. 即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。 (2)I guarantee that this will not happen again. 我保证此类事情不会再发生。 (3)We guarantee (deliver) your goods within a week. 我们保证一周内发货。 (4)The car is less than a year old，so it is still guarantee. 这辆车买了还不满一年，因此它仍在保修期内。,to deliver,under,熟词生义 写出句子中加颜色词的汉语意思 (5
36、)He had to offer his house as a guarantee to get a loan from the bank. _ 单句改错 (6)He likes the kind of car，which has guaranteed for one year for parts and labor.,抵押品, been,Watching a favourite DVD，but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well. 看一盘最喜欢的DVD，但把你非常熟悉的情节的配音调成英语。,(1)adjust vt
37、.调节；调整 adjust to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事 adjust (oneself/sth. ) to sth. 使(某人自己/某物)适应某物 (2)adjustment n.调节；调整；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to sth. 对某物进行调整,(1)Adjust your language to the age of your audience. 要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。 (2)My parents had trouble adjusting to (live) in an apartment. 我的父母不习惯住公寓。
38、 (3)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 一些学校将不得不作出调整以和国家足球改革保持一致。(2015江苏),living,adjustments,一句多译 (4)在新学期，大多数学生很快适应了新环境。 In the new term，most students the new environment very quickly.(adapt) In the new term，most students the new environment very qui
39、ckly.(adjust) In the new term，most students the new environment very quickly.(fit) 联想归纳 adjust to的同义短语还有哪些？to，get to，be to,adapted themselves to,adjusted themselves to,fitted in with,adapt,used,accustomed,Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well. 把你的目标告诉一个朋友，这样他们也会帮忙鼓励你。
40、,inform vt.告知，通知 inform sb. of sth. 告知/通知某人某事 inform sb. that从句 通知某人 keep sb. (well) informed of sth. 随时告知某人某事；随时让某人了解某事,(1)Hes been informed that he doesnt qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background. 他被告知，因为其教育背景，他没资格获得这笔奖学金。(2017江苏) (2)We regret to your application has been rej
41、ected. 我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请被拒绝了。 (3)It keeps us (inform) of what has happened during the week，for it covers both national and international news. 由于涵盖国内外的新闻，所以它让我们随时了解到一周来发生了什么。 单句改错 (4)He has been informed what happened.,inform you that,informed, of,To stay dedicated，you need to keep in mind why you are
42、learning English. 为保持这种专心致志的势头，你需要记住你为什么要学英语。,keep/bear in mind that记住 make up ones mind to do sth. 决定做某事 change ones mind改变主意 come into ones mind掠过/进入某人的脑海,(1)You should keep/bear what he said in mind. 你应记住他说过的话。 (2)We made up our minds (go) to the concert together next Sunday evening. 我们决定下个星期天晚上一
43、起去听音乐会。 (3)Suddenly a terrible thought . 突然一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海。 句型转换 (4)You should bear these words in mind and practice them regularly. You should these words and practice them regularly.,to go,came into my mind,learn,by heart,Theres no point reading the news in English if youve already watched it in yo
44、ur own language. 如果你已看了母语新闻，再读英语的这则新闻就没有意义了。,There is no point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事是没有意义的。 There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事。 to the point切题的；简洁中肯 off the point离题的,经典句式,(1)There is no point (in) having an argument with your classmates. 和你的同学们争吵毫无意义。 (2)There is no sense in (get) upset about i
45、t now. 现在为这件事烦恼没有意义。 (3)There is no need (tell) me your answer now.Give it some thought and then let me know. 现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，再让我知道。(2015安徽) (4)His answer was short and .他的答复简短扼要。,getting,to tell,to the point,This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality. 这(足够量的语言输入)可以以高质量的阅读和听力材料的形式呈现。,
