1、Unit 19 Language,内容索引,单元写作A formal letter,单元语法Noun clauses & Impersonal report structures,Period Five Grammar & Writing,单元语法 Noun clauses & Impersonal report structures,语法感知,语法导学,.用适当的连接词填空 1.The reason he speaks French fluently is he used to live in France for a long time. 2.Its a shame he doesnt r
2、espect his parents. 3.Along with his letter was his promise he would attend the meeting next week.,why,that,that,that,4.Mary looks down today. Whats up? Well， happened to us is none of your business. 5.The fact smoking is harmful to health is most smokers are quite aware of. 6.The professor gives ev
3、ery one of us the impression he is a real expert in this field. 7. he will come back tomorrow is unknown. 8.Can you tell me he lives?,what(ever),that,what,that,Whether,where,.完成句子 1.有人建议他们下个月开始这项工程。they start the project next month. 2.据说他已经写了一本关于工人的新书。he has written a new book about workers. 3.人们相信，
4、计算机几乎可以做一切事情。 Computers almost everything.,It is suggested that,It is said that,are believed to do,4.据报道约翰是这个学校最好的老师之一。John is one of the best teachers in the school. 5.有人认为他们正从该共和国那里得到武器。they are receiving arms from the Republic.,It is reported that,It is thought that,语法精析,一、名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、
5、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是由if，whether，that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。在句中引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 从属连词：that，whether，if； 连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which，whichever； 连接副词：when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however。,1.主语从句 在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。 (1)that引导主语从句时，在句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用，不能省略；whether在从句中也不充当任何
6、成分，但表示疑问含义；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，起连接作用，又在句中充当句子成分。 That there is adequate water for the cities is important for the industry. 城市有充足的水对工业来说很重要。,Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem. 是否要开会仍是个问题。 What one thinks and feels is mainly due to tradition，habit and education.(WhatThe thing whi
7、ch/that) 一个人的思想和感情主要归因于传统、习惯和教育。 Where you went yesterday has nothing to do with me. 你昨天去了哪儿与我无关。 Whoever breaks the law deserves a fine. 违法者应予以罚款。,(2)it作形式主语，把真正的主语从句放在句末。 Its no surprise that he should have won the prize. 他本来就应该赢得奖品，这并不惊奇。 2.宾语从句 在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。 (1)连接代词what，who，whom，which等在从句中
8、可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 Do you know what we should do in the next step? 你知道下一步我们要做什么吗？,(2)连接副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。 The stranger asked where he could buy this medicine. 这个陌生人问在哪里可以买到这种药。 (3)that，if，whether引导宾语从句。that没有实际意义，可以省略；if和whether表示“是否”，不能省略。 He asked me whether she was coming. 他问我她来还是不来。 (4)it
9、作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于后面，这类动词有find，feel，consider，make，believe，hate，take，owe，have等。 I have made it a rule that I run for 2 kilometers every morning. 我已经养成习惯，每天早晨跑2公里。,(5)介词后接宾语从句。 The new book is about how tomatoes are planted. 这本新书是关于怎样种植西红柿的。 (6)在某些形容词后也可接宾语从句。 I was surprised that my friend hadnt passed t
10、he exam.我很惊讶我的朋友没有通过考试。 (7)表示“命令、建议、意志、要求(如：command，order，suggest，advise，insist，desire，demand，require，request)”等动词，后面跟宾语从句时，从句谓语必须用should do，should可省略。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令命令部队即刻出发。,3.表语从句 在复合句中起表语作用的从句叫表语从句。表语从句通常位于连系动词的后面。 (1)that引导表语从句，表示一件事情，that只起到连接作用，不
11、作任何成分，但是不能省略。 The problem is that I have lost my key to my house. 问题是我弄丢了家里的钥匙。 (2)what引导表语从句。 My hometown is not what it was ten years ago. 我的家乡已经不是十年前的样子了。,(3)where，why，when，because，how，whether等引导表语从句。 This is where I worked with my parents one year ago. 这是我一年前和父母劳动过的地方。 (4)as if/though引导表语从句。 It
12、seems as if/though he has seen the man before. 看起来他以前见过这个人。 (5)主语是reason时，常用that而不用because引导表语从句。 The reason why he was late was that he had his bike broken.他迟到的原因是他的自行车坏了。,(6)如果主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”。 My suggestion is that we (shou
13、ld) inform their parents about this. 我的建议就是把这件事情通知他们的父母。,4.同位语从句 在复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句，该类从句进一步解释对应名词的内容。常见的接同位语从句的名词有：idea，fact，news，belief，hope，information，evidence，opinion，problem，truth，answer，proposal，theory，decision，discovery，thought，certainty，condition等。 (1)由连词that引导同位语从句，that不作成分，陈述中心词的内容。 The n
14、ews that he has adjusted himself to the diet in Hunan has made his parents glad. 他习惯了湖南饮食的消息使得他的父母很高兴。,(2)可由whether，when，how，why，who，which，what等引导同位语从句，以示疑问。 Well discuss the problem whether we will get up at 6：30 or at 5：00. 我们将讨论我们是在6：30还是在5：00起床的问题。 I have no idea when they will discuss the theor
15、y. 我不知道他们将什么时候讨论这个理论。 I have no impression how he entered the hall. 他是怎样进入大厅的，我没有印象。 The question why the weather is becoming drier and drier hasnt been answered. 为什么天气变得越来越干燥这个问题还没有得到回答。,The problem who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。 He hasnt solved the problem which uni
16、versity he should choose. 他还没有解决应该选择哪所大学的问题。 I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。 (3)同位语从句一般紧跟在同位词之后；有时因为谓语较短，为使句子平衡，也会把同位语从句放在后面，形成同位词与从句之间的隔离。 News came that our football team had won the match. 消息传来：我们的足球队获得了那场比赛的胜利。,二、非人称转述结构 1.概述 非人称转述结构是指句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”。that引导的实际上是一个主语从句，it
17、为形式主语。这个句型是用来转述人们的一般认识或说的话。常用于此句型的动词有say，know，report，believe，claim，think，predict，hope等，意为“据”。 It is said that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed. 据说至少有20座楼房遭到破坏或被毁。 注意：若谓语是suggest，order，require等表“建议，命令，要求”的动词时，从句须用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。 It has been suggested that the work (s
18、hould) be started at once.人们已经建议立即动工。,2.用法 (1)“Itbe过去分词that从句”可与“Sb. /Sth. (that从句的主语)be过去分词to do”进行同义句转换。 如果转述的动作与转述同时发生或之后发生，则不定式用一般式。 It is believed that they will finish the project on time.They are believed to finish the project on time. 大家相信他们会按时完成这项工程。 如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，不定式用完成式。 It is said that
19、he went abroad two years ago. He is said to have gone abroad two years ago. 据说他是两年前出的国。,如果转述的动作此时正在发生，不定式用进行式。 It is said that he is making a new film now. He is said to be making a new film now. 据说，他现在正在拍摄一部新影片。 (2)“Itbe过去分词that从句”也可以变为“People动词that从句”。 It is said that the strange old man is a grea
20、t artist. People say that the strange old man is a great artist. 据说那个怪老头是一位艺术大师。,高考链接,.用适当的连接词填空 1.Without his support，we wouldnt be we are now.(2018北京) 2.This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018北京) 3.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first plac
21、e in the bicycle race.(2018天津) 4.By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived. (2018江苏),where,what,whoever,how,5.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of it used to charge.(2017江苏) 6.Every year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kit
22、e Festival.(2017北京) 7.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing _ she was heading.(2017北京) 8.She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津),what,whoever,where,whether/if,9.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps. (2016北京) 1
23、0.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京) 11.It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏) 12.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津),Whatever,that,tha
24、t,that,13. we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (2015北京) 14.I truly believe beauty comes from within.(2015北京) 15.A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not ships are built for. (2015安徽),How,that,what,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. (2016全
25、国，短文改错) 2.After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全国，短文改错) 或After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全国，短文改错),where,that,3.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt，tel
26、l your teacher immediately.(2014四川，短文改错) 4.That is which other teachers say.(2013辽宁，短文改错) 5.This is how I need to improve in the future.(2013大纲全国，短文改错) 6.For a while my parents bought me new toys.But before long they began to see which was happening.(2012新课标全国，短文改错),what,what/where,what,7.Here is my
27、 idea about how a friend is like.(2010重庆，短文改错) 8.So if they had said was true，I would have a chance of winning the prize. (2010全国，短文改错),what, what,达标检测,.用适当的连接词或所给词的正确形式填空 1. is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no effort to protect people from fake food. 2.My mother passed t
28、he driving test at her first attempt.It was all _ she had been practicing so hard. 3.The decision was made more medical teams would be sent to help people in the earthquake. 4.Generally speaking，being hard-working is just it takes to be successful in your career.,What,because,that,what,5.What troubl
29、es her? her computer is out of order. 6.The local health organization is reported to _(set) up twenty-five years ago when Dr Green became its first president. 7.It (say) that they found an unusual plant in the forest. 8.It was ordered that all the soldiers (send) to the front. 9.It (believe) that a
30、new project will be started in our town. 10.It (required) in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.,That,have been set,is said,(should) be sent,is believed,is required,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11.It is a pity she has made such a mistake. 12.Is that you tol
31、d me really true? 13.He made quite clear that he wouldnt change his mind. 14.What did you suppose that his father was? 15.I dont doubt whether it is true., that,what, it,that,.完成句子 16. (我们所需要的) is water. 17.The bus I took was broken on the way.This was _(我来晚的原因). 18.He didnt tell me _(我们什么时候会再见面). 1
32、9.This is our only request _ _(这个问题应该尽快解决).,What we need,why I was late,when we would meet again,that the problem (should) be solved as soon as possible,20.People have no idea (飞机上发生了什么事情) during the crash. 21. (据预测) the storm will arrive at five tomorrow afternoon in Chinas northern region. 22. (众所
33、周知) the reserve area is forbidden to hunt. 23.He is said (被抢劫) yesterday while shopping in the supermarket.,what happened on the plane,It is predicted that,It is well-known/known to all that,to have been robbed,24.It is suggested that _ _(把药放在儿童够不到的地方). 25.The reason why I dont believe him is (他经常说谎
34、).,medicine (should) be kept beyond the reachof children,that he often tells a lie,Today is Sunday. I didnt get up early as usually.In the morning after I finished my homework，I do some washing.Then I telephoned one of my classmate and invited him to see a movie. And unfortunately，when we got to the
35、 cinema at 3 pm，we found all the tickets had sold out.Then we went back to our school and played the football.After that，,.短文改错 (2018陕西榆林第二中学高二期中),usual, been,did,classmates,But,we were about to go home while we saw our English teacher，Mr Zhao，come into the school. He told us we had made great progr
36、esses this term. He also suggested they read more and wrote more. We promised him that we would follow his advice.,when,progress,we,write,单元写作 A formal letter,写作指导,技法点拨,正式的英语书信通常由下列五个部分组成： 1.信头：信头包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。比较熟识的朋友之间的通信，写信人的地址常可略去。 (1)日期通常有下列两种写法：月、日、年，例如：August 15th,2017；日、月、年，例如：15th
37、August,2017。 (2)地址的写法通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市(县)名、省名、国名(邮政编码通常写在城市名之后)。这与中文书信的地址写法完全相反。地址可以写13行，日期写在地址的下面。,2.称呼：称呼指写信人对收信人的称呼，如Dear Mr Li，写在信头的下方和信笺的左边。称呼一般用Dear.或My dear.开头，称呼后一般用逗号。 3.正文：这是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。正文要求语言通顺、层次分明、表意清楚。 4.结束语：它是书信结尾的恭维话，相当于中文书信最后的“祝好”“致礼”之类的话语。“Best wishes(致以最美好的祝愿)”是最常用的结束语。 5
38、.签名：签名通常在正文的右下角。在签名的上方可以根据写信人和收信人的关系写上Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely(用于长辈或朋友之间)或Respectfully yours/Yours respectfully(用于对长辈或上级)。,常用表达,1.I would be grateful if you could give me more information. 2.You say that the price includes everything except. 3.Could you possibly give me details about.? 4.I wo
39、nder whether you could send me details about. 5.I would prefer to have a single room，if possible. 6.I would also like to stay on for another two days，if . 7.Im too excited and delighted at your good news. 8.Your early reply will be highly appreciated. 9.I would like to.provided/providing that it . 1
40、0.Im looking forward to.,典题示例,假如你叫李华，看到同学中有很多独生子女在生活中存在下列现象，请你给报社编辑写一封信，希望他们给同学们一些建议： 1.比较自私，难与同学相处； 2.不会关心他人，不理解父母； 3.遇事不会处理，过分依赖父母； 4.学习不努力，怕吃苦。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。,审题谋篇,明确要求 本文是一篇英语书信，属于应用文范畴。时态应以一般现在时为主；主要人称应为第三人称。 确定段落 Para.1 向报社编辑反映独生子女在生活中存在的种种不良现象； Para.2 呼吁报社
41、编辑给同学们提出一些合理化建议。,_ _ _ _ _,要点词句,联想词汇 1.尽一切努力去做某事 2.满足某人的欲望 3.通过溺爱某人 4.依赖某人 5.处理,try every effort to do sth. satisfy/meet ones desires spoil sb. by. depend/rely on sb. deal with,句式升级 1.由于独生子女家庭通常尽力给他们的孩子们他们所想要的，并且满足他们的一切愿望，这些独生子女就变得有点自私，结果难以与班里其他同学融洽相处。 (一般表达)Because only-child families usually try e
42、very effort to give their children what they want and satisfy all their desires，these only-child students then become a little selfish.It makes it difficult for them to get along well with their classmates. (句式升级)Because only-child families usually try every effort to give their children what they w
43、ant and satisfy all their desires，these only-child students then become a little selfish， it difficult for them to get along well with their classmates.(现在分词作状语),making,2.某些孩子以自我为中心，不能理解父母。 (一般表达)Some students think of themselves as owners.They cant understand their parents. (句式升级)Some students cant
44、 understand their parents.(高级词汇；并列句),are self-centered and,3.他们太依赖他们的父母了，不能处理困难局面。 (一般表达)They depend on their parents too much.They cant deal with difficult situations. (句式升级1)They depend on their parents too much cant deal with difficult situations.(并列句) (句式升级2)They depend on their parents too much
45、 they cant deal with difficult situations.(结果状语从句),and,so that,Because only-child families usually try every effort to give their children what they want and satisfy all their desires，these only-child students then become a little selfish，making it difficult for them to get along well with their cla
46、ssmates.Whats more，there exists the generation gap between students and parents.Some students are self-centered and cant understand their parents.,连句成篇,Dear Editor， Im writing to tell you some problems existing in some only-child students.,In addition，some parents spoil their children by doing every
47、thing for them.Therefore，they depend on their parents too much and cant deal with difficult situations.Owing to these，some students have become lazy and do not study hard. Im concerned about the situation.Could you please give some advice to help them get over these bad habits? Yours sincerely， Li Hua,
