1、Unit 8 Adventure,单元语法State or activity verbs & Defining and non-defining clauses,内容索引,Period Six Grammar & Writing,单元写作A brochure,单元语法 State or activity verbs & Defining and non-defining clauses,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.You (feel) tired now. 2.You (think) about how far there is to go. 3.It (look) great. 4.Th
2、e food cooking on the fire (smell) great and while you _ (have) a hot cup of tea，you relax and (watch) the sun go down.,语法感知,语法导学,are feeling,are thinking,looks,smells,are having,watch,5.At dinner，the food (taste) fantastic. 6.If you (look) for experiences like this，Adventure 2000 is the organisatio
3、n for you.,tastes,are looking,.用适当的关系词填空,1.When he was 17 years old，he travelled across Europe and Asia with his father， wanted to do trade with the Chinese. 2.There were inventions and developments in China were not available in Europe at that time. 3.He was also confused by the black stones people
4、 used to burn for fuel. 4.However，Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner _ enjoyed listening to his stories about China.,who,which/that,that/which,who,5.The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World， became one of the best-selling books in Europe. 6.Just
5、before he died，aged 70，Marco was asked the question，“Was it all true？”，to he replied，“I have only told a half of what I saw！”,which,which,一、状态动词与动作动词 在英语动词当中，有些动词表示动作，我们把它们称为动作动词；有些动词表示状态，我们把这类动词叫作状态动词。第一类动词可用于一般现在时态和进行时态，而第二类动词一般不用于进行时态。 He gets up at six every morning. 他每天早晨六点钟起床。(动作) He is gettin
6、g up now.他现在正在起床。(动作) It seems that you are right.似乎你是对的。(状态),语法精析,1.有些动词既可表示动作，也可表示状态，但在意义上有区别。 He is having his breakfast.他在吃早饭。(动作) He has two elder brothers and a younger sister. 他有两个哥哥和一个妹妹。(状态) They are holding a meeting.他们在开会。(动作) The barrel holds two gallons. 这个桶能装两加仑。(状态) She is holding a l
7、arge box. 她提着一个大箱子。(动作),I still hold that his idea is wrong. 我仍然认为他的观点是错的。(状态) People are lying on the beach. 人们躺在海滩上。(动作) The city lies on the coast. 这座城市位于海岸边。(状态),常用的表示状态的动词有： mean，seem，concern，hate，dislike，surprise，major(主修)，contain，hold，matter，depend，resemble(像，类似)，guess，suppose，imagine，own，des
8、erve(应受，值得)，admire，appear，be，believe，consist，desire(期望，希望)，despair，doubt，envy，exist，feel，fit，forget，have，hear，hope，impress(留下印象)，include，involve(包括，使陷于)，keep，know，lack，last，like，love，need，owe(感激，把归功于)，please，possess(拥有)，prefer，prove，realize，recognize，remember，require，satisfy(满足)，seat，see，smell，sound
9、，suspect(怀疑，猜想)，think，understand，wish等。,What do you mean？ 你是什么意思？ We hate such people. 我们讨厌这样的人。 All this surprises me. 这一切使我吃惊。 She majors in English. 她主修英语。 The box contains a necklace. 盒子里有一条项链。,Your age doesnt matter. 你的年龄并不重要。 It depends on the weather. 这要看天气如何。 Jim resembles his father. 吉姆长得像他
10、父亲。 I guess thats the only solution. 我想那是唯一的解决办法。,We own the house. 这是我们的房子。 I dont deserve the honor. 我不配得到这个荣誉。,2.有一些动词表示一个极为短暂的动作，也可用于一般现在时。 I declare this exhibition open. 我宣布展览会开幕。 Its a lovely place. I agree. 这是一个招人喜欢的地方。 我同意。 The Bible says love of money is the root of all evil. 圣经说爱财是万恶之源。,I
11、 advise you to withdraw. 我劝你退出。 I promise you that I will be there. 我答应你我会在那里。 This，I admit，is my favorite activity. 我承认这是我最喜欢的活动。 With this letter I enclose a photograph. 随信附上一张照片。 I flatly refuse to do what you say. 我断然拒绝做你说的事。,I regret my ignorance on the subject. 对这个问题的无知让我感到遗憾。 3.有少数表示极为短暂的动作动词
12、，可用于进行时态，表示反复做某个动作或“即将”。 He is jumping up and down. 他上蹿下跳。 John is nodding his head. 约翰频频点头。,Why is she blinking her eyes？ 她为什么老眨眼睛？ The train is arriving. 火车即将到达。 The old man is dying. 老人生命垂危。,4.动词be有时用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。 Im being serious. 我是说正经的。 I know Im being selfish. 我知道我这样做是自私的。 He is being terrib
13、ly friendly to us. 他对我们极其友好。,二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 The foreigner who/that visited our school is Toms English teacher. 参观我们学校的这个外国人是汤姆的英语老师。,2.非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，起补充附带说明的作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。 He is an American，which I know from his acce
14、nt. 他是美国人，我是从他的口音上知道的。,使用非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题： (1)非限制性定语从句不可用that引导，而要用which，who，whom，whose，when，where等词引导。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的引导词不可省略。 (3)关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句一般可以互换使用，但as从句的位置比较灵活，可放在主句之前、之中或之后，且从句的谓语动词多为see，say，know，expect等；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which。另外
15、，as从句多为肯定句，主句也多为肯定句；否则多用which从句。,He is honest，as we expected. 他是诚实的，正像我们期望的那样。 He isnt honest，which we expected. 他不诚实，我们已经预料到了。,3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)作用不同 限制性定语从句用来修饰和说明先行词，具有限制作用；而非限制性定语从句一般跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附和、补充说明，不起限制作用，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍然完整。 His brother who lives in London will go to America
16、next week. 他住在伦敦的哥哥下周将去美国。(限制性定语从句，意思是他可能还有别的哥哥。),His brother，who lives in London，will go to America next week. 他的哥哥住在伦敦，下周将去美国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词his brother起到补充说明的作用，言外之意是他只有一个哥哥。) (2)形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间没有逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句常用逗号隔开从句和主句。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 正在和我父亲握手的那个人
17、是个警察。 The project，which lasted three years，cost 1 billion. 这项工程历时三年，耗资十亿美元。,(3)先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。(先行词是film) The film is very interesting，which makes me very glad. 这部电影很有意思，这让我很高兴。(which指代前面句子的内容),(4)关系词
18、的使用情况不同 that不用于引导非限制性定语从句 I didnt pass the exam，which disappointed my teacher. 我没有通过考试，这让我的老师很失望。 关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。 This is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre. 这是我在剧院遇到的那个男孩。,A young man had a new girlfriend，whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个
19、女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。 关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。 This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago. 这是我前几天刚看过的一部好影片。 The summer holiday，which were looking forward to，is drawing near. 我们盼望的暑假就要来了。,(5)翻译不同 含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。 She has
20、 a brother who works in a hospital. 她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。 She has a brother，who works in a hospital. 她有一个哥哥在医院工作。,.用所给动词的正确形式或适当的关系词填空,高考链接,1.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early dea
21、ths from all causes.(2018全国) 2.Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.(2018天津) 3.She and her family bicycle to work， helps them keep fit. (2018北京),that/which,whose,which,4.Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same startin
22、g line.(2018江苏) 5.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京) 6.I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017天津) 7.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both， is not good for the health.(2017全国),where
23、,that,was driving,which,8.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better.(2016天津) 9.The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏) 10.Opposite is St.Pauls Church， you can hear some lovely music. (2015北京),when,as,where,.单句改错(每
24、小题仅有1处错误),1.In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. (2017全国，短文改错) 2.The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite. (2016四川，短文改错),或The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.,which,which/that,3.Having tea in the late afterno
25、on provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (2013新课标全国，短文改错),which,.用适当的关系词或所给词的适当形式填空,达标检测,1.The room is very big and it can (hold) 50 people. 2.The girl (resemble) her mother in her look. 3.He (have) breakfast when I came in. 4.The manager (consi
26、der) going abroad now. 5.Her experience (not，apply) to you and you had better think it over.,hold,resembles,was having,is considering,doesnt apply,6. is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress. 7.Maria has written two novels，both of have been made into televisio
27、n series. 8.The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. 9.Who is the girl is standing by the window? 10.The way he explained to us was very simple.,As,which,where,that,that/which,.完成句子,11.这对夫妇对宾馆里的服务员招待他们的方式很生气。 The couple felt most angry about the way _ _. 12.据报道，两座正在我的家乡建设的学校
28、将于明年开学。 It is reported that two schools，_ _，will open next year. 13.他没上课的原因与你给我解释的很不一样。 The reason was quite different from the one _ _.,(that/in which) the waiter of the,hotel treated them,both of which are being built in my,hometown,why he missed the class,you explained to me,that,14.当西方人谈论中国的城市时，
29、他们首先想到的是北京。 When western people talk about the cities of China，the first _ _ is Beijing. 15.他是一个经验丰富的人，从他那里我们可以学到很多。 He is a man of great experience， . 16.它将从四月15号开始，并持续三周。 It April 15 for three weeks.,comes to their mind,of which,from whom we can learn a lot,will start from,and last,17.知道你对中国历史感兴趣我
30、感到自豪。 I to know that you are interested in Chinese history. 18.那本字典属于我。 That dictionary me. 19.我想知道你是否能告诉我更多的关于这项活动的内容。 I am if you could tell me more about this activity. 20.我们学校位于中国北方的一个城市，在那儿你可以尝到各种各样的美食。 Our school is located in a northern city of China，where you can _.,feel proud,belongs to,won
31、dering,taste,many kinds of delicious food,.短文改错,Everyone have a dream.We are on the way to achieving it whether the way is smooth or tough.As Senior 3 student，I have the same dream as my classmates that I can be admitted to an ideal university.In the past three year，I have done everything I can to e
32、quip myself with that I have learnt from my teachers.,has, a,years,what,Not only have I enjoyed the pleasure of study but also I have got more closer to my dream.Anxiety and pressure do discourage from me at times and with the encouragement of my teachers and classmates，I think Ill make it.,much,but
33、,Im sure that there has still a long way to go to achieve my dream.No matter what challenging it is，Ill make it come true.As the proverb said，“Where theres a will，theres a way.”,is,how,says,单元写作 A brochure,技法点拨,本单元的写作任务是写一篇宣传稿。宣传稿是为了某一特定需要，通过一定形式向公众传递信息的手段，是说明文的一种。 说明文是指说明事物的情况或道理的文章，目的在于介绍某一方面的知识。一
34、般来说，高考中的说明文常涉及：商品介绍、旅游指南、科技读物和工作总结这几类，而形式上常以图画、图表和文字提示的形式出现。考生要根据实际情况综合运用多种说明方式，以便从不同角度、不同方面把说明对象完整地介绍出来，从而增强表达效果。,写作指导,1.This kind of computer is of good quality. 2.All the common families can afford to buy one.It controls mostly by itself，so it is very easy to operate. 3.It is convenient to carry，
35、for it is small and light. 4.Once you have one of this kind，youll enjoy it very much. 5.There are many kinds of food served in the restaurant，which are very delicious. 6.At the same time，all the food looks nice and smells good.,常用句式,7.Whats more，the prices of them are very reasonable. 8.The owner as
36、 well as the waiters is very friendly and kind，and they will make you feel at home.,一家远足营地(Adventure Hiking)准备组织一次冒险远足旅行，并希望在互联网上进行宣传。请你用英语为其写一篇宣传稿。主要内容应包括： 1.本次远足活动是为喜欢冒险和远足的人士组织的一次活动； 2.远足要穿过一个大沙漠以考验参加者的体力和耐力； 3.远足将体验激烈的漂流活动； 4.远足将爬一座最大海拔高度为5 000米的高山并可能遇到一些野生动物；,典题示例,5.远足组织者将提供良好的住宿并要求参加者携带轻而有用的行李
37、； 6.欲参加者请致电04508899432或e-mail至www.adventurehiking. com.AH。 注意：词数100左右。,明确要求 这篇习作是对一次远足旅行进行宣传，属于说明文写作范畴，应以人称为主；叙述活动内容时可以用 时态。,审题谋篇,确定段落 本篇习作可以从以下几个方面入手： Para.1：首先对远足营地进行宣传； Para.2：然后对活动内容和注意事项进行详细描述； Para.3：再次宣传远足营地并给出具体的联系方式。,第二,一般将来,_ _ _ _ _,词汇热身,要点词句,1.去远足 2.可供选择的活动 3.体力和耐力 4.最大海拔高度为 5.生存技巧,go hi
38、king optional activities strength and patience with a maximum altitude of survival skills,句式升级,1.你们将体验令人兴奋的水上漂流，你们将获得你们从未有过的经历。 (一般表达)You will experience the exciting white-water rafting.You will gain the experience you have never got. (句式升级) the exciting white-water rafting gain the experience you
39、have never got.(祈使句),Experience,and youll,2.我们提供良好的食宿，你们不用担心远足后休息的地方。 (一般表达)Have good accommodation at our camp.Dont be anxious about your rest place after the hiking. (句式升级)Have good accommodation at our camp _after the hiking.(so引导的复合句),so dont be anxious,about your rest place,连句成篇,Adventure Hikin
40、g If you like both going hiking and adventure，Adventure Hiking is the organization for you.During the hiking，well have the following optional activities for you. Walk through a big desert to test your strength and patience.Experi-ence the exciting white-water rafting and youll gain the experience yo
41、u have never got.Climb a high mountain with a maximum altitude of 5,000 metres and perhaps youll meet some wild animals.,Have good accommodation at our camp so dont be anxious about your rest place after the hiking. Take your own luggage with you.The things in it should be useful and light. Youll have much fun and learn survival skills during the adventure hiking.Call us today on 0450-8899432 or e-mail us at .AH.,
