1、Module 6 Old and New,单元语法非限制性定语从句和定语从句中的省略,内容索引,Period Three Grammar & Writing,单元写作Writing an email,单元语法 非限制性定语从句和定语从句中的省略,.用适当的关系词填空 1.The Yangtze River， is more than 6,000 kilometres long，is the third longest river in the world. 2.Sun Yat-sen， was the leader of the 1911 Revolution，first sugges-ted
2、 the idea in 1919. 3.His mother， he loved dearly，went abroad.,语法感知,语法导学,which,who,who/whom,4.This machine， he has looked after for many years，is still working perfectly. 5.Lucy， parents had died，had to make a living by herself.,which,whose,.翻译句子 1.They set up a state of their own，where they would go
3、vern themselves. _ 2.The letter is from my younger sister，who is working in Beijing. _ 3.I saw a good film，which was about the Long March. _,他们自己成立了一个州，在那里，他们可以自治。,这封信是我妹妹寄来的，她在北京工作。,我观看了一部好电影，是关于长征的。,4.His dog，which he liked very much，died yesterday. _ 5.He suddenly fell ill，which prevented him fro
4、m going to school. _,他的狗昨天死了，他非常喜欢这条狗。,他突然生病了，这使得他无法去上学。,一、非限制性定语从句 与限制性定语从句相比较，非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。 1.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who，whom和whose；指物时用which和whose。 This is our headmaster，who I think has something important to tell you. 这是我们的校长，我认为他有重要的事情要告诉你。 My elder s
5、ister has become a doctor，which I wanted to be. 我大姐成了一名医生，我原来也想做一名医生的。,语法精析,2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间时，关系副词用when；指地点时用where。 Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977. 卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。 He left his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 ye
6、ars old. 他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。,3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句存在许多不同之处，主要有以下几点： (1)引导词不同：关系代词that，关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，通常不译作定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子。 I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are from America. 我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。 The foreign teacher who com
7、es from America teaches us literature. 从美国来的那位外教教我们文学。,(3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略。 This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about. 这正是我们正谈论的那个人。 This is the man，whom we talked about just now. 这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过的。 (4)在限制性定语从句中，指人时，作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。
8、 He is the very person (whom/who/that) we referred to. 他正是我们提到的那个人。,4.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别： (1)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，还可放在主句之中，有“像一样，正如，正像”的意思。 As we all know，he studies very hard.(as作宾语) 我们都知道他学习很用功。 As is known to all，he is the tallest student in our
9、class.(as作主语) 众所周知，他是我们班最高的学生。 Taiwan，as is known to all，is an inseparable part of China.(as作主语) 大家都知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。,(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。 He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry. (which指代整个主句的内容) 他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。 I want to buy the house，which has
10、 a garden.(which指代the house) 我想买这座房子，它带有一个花园。,二、定语从句中的省略 定语从句可以省略或简化，主要通过以下形式： 1.省略作宾语的关系代词 在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词有who(m)，which，that。在限制性定语从句中，当who(m)和that作宾语用于指人时可以互换使用，通常可以省略；当that和which作宾语用于指物时也可以互换使用，通常也可以省略。,Is that the man (whom/who/that) you gave your ticket to？(whom，who和that可以省略) 那个是你把你的票给他的人吗？ Is t
11、hat the address (which/that) you sent the telegram to？(which和that可以省略) 那是你发电报的地址吗？,2.当先行词是way，且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that，也可以省略。如： That was the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out. 她就是用那种办法解决问题的。 3.有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可以省略。 The house (which/that was) damaged in the fire will be
12、 rebuilt soon. 大火中损坏的房子不久就要被翻修。 The plan (which/that is) being discussed is of great importance. 正在讨论的这个计划非常重要。,注意：有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。 The train that leaves from Platform 5 goes to Beijing. The train leaving from Platform 5 goes to Beijing. 从第五站台开出的火车驶往北京。 Yesterday we had a meeting which la
13、sted two hours. Yesterday we had a meeting lasting two hours. 昨天我们举行了一个持续了两个小时的会议。,.用适当的关系词填空,高考链接,1.Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.(2018天津) 2.She and her family bicycle to work， helps them keep fit. (2018北京) 3.But Sarah， has taken part in sho
14、ws along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国),whose,which,who,4.My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017天津) 5.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江
15、苏) 6.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， I was the first Western TV reporter.(2016全国) 7.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better.(2016天津),whose,whose,when,when,8.Many young people，most of were well-educated，headed
16、 for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏) 9.Opposite is St.Pauls Church， you can hear some lovely music. (2015北京) 10.The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏),whom,where,as,.单句改错(仅有1处错误),In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetab
17、les in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.(2017全国，短文改错),which,.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空,达标检测,1.I am most grateful to my parents， are always there to encourage me and care for me. 2.Much of his youth was spent in Beijing， he developed an interest in Beijing Opera. 3. is known to all，it takes m
18、ore than good looks to succeed as an actor.,who,As,where,4.There are plenty of good pubs and clubs in this area，most of _ are friendly and safe. 5.The sports meeting will be put off till next month， we will have made all the preparations.,which,when,.用关系代词或关系副词合并下列句子,6.Her son hasnt called her for s
19、ome time.It makes her worried. Her son hasnt called her for some time， . 7.The class officers will meet in Room 101.They met in Room 101 last week. The class officers will meet in Room 101， . 8.Thomas Edison was a great American scientist.His inventions have changed the way of our living. Thomas Edi
20、son was a great American scientist，_ _.,which makes her worried,where they met last week,whose inventions have,changed the way of our living,9.She has two sons.The older of them has just graduated from college. She has two sons， . 10.I suggest you keep a diary every day.I think it is a good way to r
21、elease the feelings and emotions. I suggest you keep a diary every day，_ _.,the older of whom has just graduated from college,which I think is a good way to,release the feelings and emotions,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),11.Her dog，that was now very old，was killed by a car. 12. Which is known to us all，smoking i
22、s harmful to our health. 13.The girl，her mother is a doctor，studies very hard. 14.I have two brothers，both of them are teachers. 15.After graduation，I decided to stay in Guangzhou，there I spent all my childhood.,which,As,whose,whom,where,.语法填空,(2017浙江嘉兴一中高一段考) Have you ever had problems in your life
23、? Have you ever wondered how to be happy? If so，you will find the book “Being a Happy Teenager”16. (use).In his book，Matthews tells us how to have a happy life and answers the questions of teenagers. About problems with parents and friends，the book says we should stop 17. (be) angry and learn to for
24、give.The book tells us some skills such as how to put everything 18. we have learned from life into beautiful pictures.,useful,being,that,Many teenagers think that 19. (happy) comes from a good exam result or praise from 20. people.But you can still be happy 21. there are no such “good” things. Succ
25、ess comes from 22. good attitude.If you learn from problems，you 23. (have) success in the future. Some school students have problems such as being too tall 24. too short.But Matthews tells us that we should think about things 25. a positive way.This is Matthews most important lesson：You choose to be
26、 happy!,happiness,other,when,a,will have,or,in,单元写作 Writing an email,技法点拨,英文email和书信的写法及格式大体相同，但也有不同之处。 1.称谓和开头：电子邮件一般使用非正式文体，一般以Dear.或My dear.开头。如果是同学间或亲朋好友间的邮件，可以直呼其名，以逗号结束；但如果是发给老师、长辈或上级，最好在称呼前加上称谓或职位，男性用Mr，女性用Miss(未婚)，Mrs(已婚)，Ms(不知婚否)，职位可用Doctor，Professor，Comrade等，如Professor Li。,写作指导,2.正文：email大
27、多篇幅短小，语言简单明了。如果是写给不熟悉的人，一般要先进行自我介绍，反之，则可直接进入正题。要多使用短句、简单句、少用或不用长句，这样不但便于阅读，而且可以使意思更清楚明了。如果内容很长的话，可就重点部分作简单介绍，而把详细内容以“附件”的方式发出。在高考中，要按照试题的内容要求来写，最重要的是表达要有条理，语言要准确。 3.结束语：首字母要大写，其后用逗号。常用的结束语有：Yours sincerely/ truly/faithfully，Sincerely/Truly/Faithfully yours，Yours (ever)等。 4.签名：在结束语下面附上写邮件的人的名字。除了对亲人或
28、好友外，必须写全姓名。,1.开头语 I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that. I have the pleasure to tell you that. Thank you for your email of May 16th. I have received your message today. How are you getting along with your daily life?,常用表达,2.话题引入语 As far as I know，. As to/for your question，. Im glad to te
29、ll you something about it. 3.结尾客套用语 Waiting for your good news. Hoping you are enjoying good health. Enjoy a good day!,Please keep in touch with me. With kind/best regards. Im looking forward to your reply. Please write to me soon and tell me about your. Hope you will. If so，please email me in respo
30、nse.,加拿大高中生David在互联网上登出一则启事(notice)，希望结识一位中国朋友，以便学习中国的语言、文化。假设你是重庆实验中学的李华，请在看到这则启事后，用英文给David发一封100词左右的电子邮件。主要内容包括： 1.你是怎样得知他的愿望的； 2.你愿意成为他的朋友； 3.你打算如何帮助他； 4.你盼望他的回复。,典题示例,写作要求是根据提示写一封电子邮件。写作时应注意下面几点： 1.确定文体：这是一篇应用文，是学生熟悉的电子邮件，写作中应注意格式。 2.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3.主体人称：人称应该以第一人称为主。,审题谋篇,_ _ _ _ _ _,联想词汇,要
31、点词句,1.在互联网上 2.与交朋友 3.自我介绍 4.擅长 5.与保持联系 6.期盼,on the Internet make friends with introduce oneself/make oneself known be good at keep in touch with look forward to,句式升级,1.很高兴在互联网上看到你登出的启事，得知你希望结识一位中国朋友，以便学习中国的语言和文化。I am glad to read your notice on the Internet and I know you want to make friends with a
32、 Chinese _ _.(不定式作目的状语)I am glad to read your notice on the Internet and I know you want to make friends with a Chinese _.(目的状语从句),(in order) to learn the Chinese language and culture,in order that/so that you can learn the Chinese,language and culture,2.我于2000年出生于重庆，现就读于重庆实验中学，并且我擅长英语。I， ，am now st
33、udying in the Experimental Middle School of Chongqing and I am good at English.(定语从句)，I am now studying in the Experimental Middle School of Chongqing and I am good at English.(过去分词短语作状语),who was born in Chongqing in 2000,Born in Chongqing in 2000,连句成篇,Dear David， I am Li Hua.I am glad to read your
34、notice on the Internet and I know you want to make friends with a Chinese in order to learn the Chinese language and culture.I want to be your friend.Now Id like to introduce myself to you.Born in Chongqing in 2000，I am now studying in the Experimental Middle School of Chongqing and I am good at Eng
35、lish.,I think I can help you to know about China by sending emails. Whats more，we can have chats on the Internet in Chinese or English and Ill tell you the customs，the festivals，the foods，etc.of the Chinese. I hope we can keep in touch with each other. I am looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua,
