1、Unit 3 Science and nature,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,达标检测,语法专题,Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage,基础自测,.重点单词 1. n.职业，行业 2. n.突破 3. adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的n.起源，起因；出身 4. n.判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决v.判断，评价n.裁判,profession,breakthrough,original,origin,judgement,judge,1.turn 结果证明 2.put. place准备就绪；把放回原处 3.be similar 与相似 4.
2、figure 弄明白；算出 5.be/get burnt 耗尽体力，累垮,.重点短语,out,in,to,out,out,1.表示地点的介词短语位于句首的倒装 At the top of the school ，known as the brain. 高居学校顶部的就是校长，就是众所周知的中枢人物。 2.always与进行时连用 He in his lab，trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled. 他总在实验室里工作，尽其所能弄明白所有让他感到困惑的神秘事件。,.重点句式,is the headmaster,is
3、 always working,要点探究,In my opinion，tight laws should be put in place to make cloning human beings illegal. 在我看来，应当实施严格的法律，使得克隆人类是非法的。,put.in place准备就绪，布置妥当；把放回原处 in place在适当的位置 out of place不在恰当的位置，不合时宜 take the place of代替；取代,重点词汇,(1)After you read the book，please put it in place. 书看完之后请你把它放回原处。 (2)I
4、t was for you to laugh at that time. 你在那个时候笑是不合时宜的。 (3)Here is a book to the one I lost. 这儿有本书可替代我丢失的那一本。,out of place,take the place of,单项填空 (4)Injured in hand，the man found it difficult to hold the box inplace. A.the；/ B.the；the C./；/ D.his；the,答案,解析,解析 injure/hurt/beat/hit等词后跟sb. 作宾语，表示某部位时加定冠词th
5、e；in place在适当的位置，准备就绪。,He told me he had had a breakthrough. 他告诉我他取得了一个突破。,(1)breakthrough n.(知识或技术领域的)突破，重大进展 have/make/achieve a breakthrough取得突破 (2)break through突破,(1)To our joy，there are so many breakthroughs in science and technology all over the world in recent years. 使我们高兴的是，最近几年全世界在科学和技术方面有那
6、么多的突破。 (2)He in physics. 他在物理方面取得了突破。,has made/had/achieved a breakthrough,单项填空 (3)Scientists hope to soon in their fight against heart disease. A.break up B.break out C.break through D.break in,答案,解析,解析 句意为：科学家们希望能尽快在治疗心脏病方面有所突破。break up分解，破裂；break out爆发，发生；break through突破；break in闯入，打断。,I think we
7、 should be cautious and use good judgement when making decisions about cloning. 当我们做有关克隆的决定时，我认为我们应该慎重，并运用良好的判断力。,(1)judgement n.判断力；见识；看法，意见；判决，裁决 in ones judgement在某人看来 make a judgement作出判断 (2)judging from/by从看来，由判断,(1)In my judgement，he is a very good football player. 依我看，他是一个非常优秀的足球运动员。 (2)He re
8、fused to about the situation. 他拒绝对形势作出评价。,make a judgement,单项填空 (3) the happy look on her face when she received the call，it must be good news. A.Judged from B.Judging from C.To judge from D.Judge from,答案,解析,解析 judging from根据来判断，是一种固定的表达方式。句意为：从她接电话时高兴的表情可以判断出一定有好消息。,Im totally burnt out. 我完全累垮了。,be
9、/get burnt out筋疲力尽，累垮 burn out耗尽体力，累垮；燃尽，烧光 burn down烧毁 burn away烧光，烧掉,(1)He let the fire burn itself out. 他让火自己熄灭。 (2)That house was struck by lightning and . 那座房子被闪电击中烧毁了。,burnt down,单项填空 (3)Lucy was completely after jogging in the hot sun all afternoon；she had little energy left. A.kicked out B.b
10、urnt out C.handed out D.put out,答案,解析,解析 句意为：露西在骄阳下跑了一下午之后累极了，几乎没力气了。be burnt out耗尽体力，累垮。,He is always working in his lab，trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled. 他总在实验室里工作，尽其所能弄明白所有让他感到困惑的神秘事件。,当always与进行时态连用时，表示反复发生的动作，有一定的感情色彩，如不满、抱怨、厌恶、赞赏等。类似用法的词还有often，constantly，forever，al
11、l the time等。,经典句式,(1)The boy is always crying. 那男孩总哭。 (2)He others. 他常常帮助别人。,is always helping,单项填空 (3)I didnt like Aunt Lucy，who without warning and bringing us presents. A.always turned up B.has always turned up C.was always turning up D.was always turned up,答案,解析,解析 always与现在(过去)进行时连用，表示某种反复发生的动作
12、，往往带有厌恶、不满、责备或赞扬等意味。,达标检测,.词形变换 1.He became a (profession) athlete at the age of 16. 2.I cant make that decision for you；you will have to use your _ (judge). 3.One of the (power) actions the government has taken is to knock down the (legal) buildings to restore the beauty of the city. 4.If you are a
13、sked (comfort) questions，theres always a polite way of refusing to answer. 5.The (origin) settlers are the Indians.,professional,judgement,powerful,illegal,uncomfortable,original,.完成句子 6.She (总是炫耀) her knowledge in front of her classmates. 7.Just in front of our house (站着一棵高大的树) with a history of 1,
14、000 years. 8.My job is (教英语). 9. (依我看)，all of them are to blame. 10. (从他的话判断)，he was very disappointed.,is always showing off,stands a tall tree,to teach English/teaching English,In my judgement/opinion,Judging from/by what he said,解析 句意为：总统正全神贯注于他的工作，以至于她一点声音都不敢发出来。第一空是因为so.that.句型中soadj./adv.放在句首，
15、用部分倒装；第二空是否定词或者半否定词放在句首，后面使用部分倒装。故A项正确。,.单项填空 11.So absorbed in his work that not a sound .(2017徐州高二期中) A.was the president；did she dare to make B.was the president；dared she to make C.the president was；she dared make D.the president was；she did dare to make,答案,解析,12.The two Chinese scientists have
16、made a great discovery，which makes a major in the basic research in the field.(2017泰州中学高二月考) A.reform B.approach C.boundary D.breakthrough,答案,解析,解析 reform改革；approach方式，方法；boundary边界；breakthrough突破。句意为：这两位中国科学家做出的重大发现使得这个领域的基础研究取得了重大突破。故选D。,13.Written in a hurry， .How can it be satisfactory？ (2017无锡江
17、阴四校高二期中) A.they found many mistakes in the report B.Sam made lots of mistakes in the report C.there are many mistakes in the report D.the report is full of mistakes,答案,解析,解析 written in a hurry是过去分词短语作原因状语，write与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，故用其过去分词形式，主语为the report，所以选D。,14.No judgement about the case until all the e
18、vidences have been carefully checked. A.will be made B.is made C.is being made D.has been made,答案,解析,解析 句意为：直到所有的证据都被仔细的检查后才能对这个案子做出判断。until引导的时间状语从句用了现在完成时，所以主句用一般将来时，而且judgement和make是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态。根据句意可知选A。,解析 burn out筋疲力尽；reach out伸出手；watch out 当心；turn out结果是。句意为：那个可怜的女人一个晚上都没有睡好，完全筋疲力尽了。故选A。,
19、15.The poor woman had not slept all night and was completely . A.burnt out B.reached out C.watched out D.turned out,答案,解析,语法专题,语法感知,过去分词,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1if I had the chance，I would have a (clone) baby right now. 2.I think the scientific advances (mention) in your article are interesting. 3. (shock) by
20、 the article，the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper. 4.After the accident，they found the front windows (break). 5.When the cat found all fish gone，it felt (surprise).,cloned,mentioned,Shocked,broken,surprised,语法精析,过去分词所表示的是一个被动的或者是已完成的动作，相当于一个形容词或副词。过去分词在句中可以充当定语、表语、状语或补足语。 一、过去分词的语法功能 1.过去分词作定语
21、单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；分词短语作定语时，则要放在被修饰词之后，其作用相当于定语从句。 Mum threw away that broken cup. 妈妈扔掉了那只破碎的杯子。(broken相当于一个形容词，作前置定语),The boy named Tom will come here tomorrow. 叫汤姆的那个男孩明天就要来了。(named Tom是分词短语作后置定语相当于定语从句who is named Tom) 2.过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态，即主语是动作的承受者。 My grandfather was delighted to hear
22、I passed my exams. 我爷爷听说我通过了考试很高兴。 We are moved by the story. 我们被这故事感动了。,3.过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其省略的主语(也称逻辑主语)与主句的主语一致；既可以表示动作，也可以表示状态，并且，多数情况下与副词连用。 (1)表时间 Questioned about the murder，he came tense.(When he was questioned.) 当被问到谋杀的事情时，他很紧张。,(2)表让步 Beaten by the opposite t
23、eam，the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.(Although they were beaten by.) 虽然被对方打败了，但队员们没有泄气，而是更努力地训练。 (3)表条件 If bitten by a snake，you should ask for help and dont walk.(If you are bitten by a snake.) 如果被蛇咬了，你应该呼救，并且不要动。,(4)表原因 Deeply moved，the villagers contributed their quilts
24、to the army.(As they were deeply moved.) 由于被深深地感动了，村民们纷纷向军队捐献被褥。 (5)表方式或伴随 She walked out of the house，followed by her little daughter. 她走出了屋子，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (6)表结果 I finally reached the finishing line bitterly exhausted. 我终于跑到了终点，疲惫不堪。,4.过去分词作宾语补足语 If you want to make yourself respected，you are above a
25、ll to respect others. 如果你想让自己被尊重，你首先要尊重别人。 The boy found himself lost in the forest. 那个男孩发现自己在森林里迷路了。 注意：由主动语态变为被动语态后原来的宾语补足语即成为主语补足语。 The boy was found lost and couldnt find his way back. 有人发现那个男孩迷路了并且找不到回去的路。 5.过去分词可以跟在lie，stand，sit后面表示状态。 He lay shut in the room for two whole days. 他被关在那个房间躺了两整天。
26、,二、过去分词与现在分词的区别,1.Jim has retired，but he still remember the happy time with his students.(2017北京，32) A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.spent,答案,解析,解析 句意为：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。逻辑主语time和spend之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。,高考链接,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2.In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret messa
27、gewithin the work.(2016江苏，28) A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden,答案,解析,解析 句意为：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,3. in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.(2015重庆，6) A.Being raised B.Raising C.Raised D.To r
28、aise,答案,解析,解析 句意为：生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与句子的主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此排除B、D两项； A项是现在分词的被动式，表示正在发生，故排除A项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,解析 句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间是主动关系，且强调动作发生的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do；若宾语与补语之间是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing；若宾语与补语之间是被动关系
29、，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。,4.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.(2015陕西，18) A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.Video games can be a poor influence if in the wrong hands. (201
30、5湖南，24) A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.left,答案,解析,解析 句意为：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。主语video games与leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left.是“连词过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,6.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.(2014四川，5) A.having developed B.to develop C.developed D.develop
31、,答案,解析,解析 此题考查的是非谓语动词作感官动词see的宾语补足语。develop与宾语products为动宾关系，故使用过去分词作宾补。句意为：在做出巨大努力之后，看到很多新产品被研发出来，经理很满意。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,7.Clearly and thoughtfully ，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(2014天津，7) A.writing B.to write C.written D.being written,答案,解析,解析 句意为：这本书写
32、作思路清晰且富有思想，在那些希望寻求自己答案的学生中激发了信心。write与其逻辑主语the book存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras to our shop for quality problems.(2014重庆，5) A.returning B.returned C.to return D.to be returned,答案,解析,解析 句意为：厂商定期回收因质量问题而被退回到我们店里的相机。camera与return之间是被动关系，故用过
33、去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。故选B项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,达标检测,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.He is now talking with his mother， (try) to persuade her to allow him to go out. 2.My sister is now working in an international corporation， (know) as 3M. 3.The old man lay (trap) under the building ruins for quite a long time. 4.With gr
34、eat efforts (focus) on the conservation project，the number of some rare animals is steadily increasing. 5.Yesterday a (retire) scientist gave us a lecture，who is now in his seventies.,trying,known,trapped,focused,retired,.单项填空 6. throughout the countryside and remote areas，satellite dishes make TV a
35、ccessible to people who live far away from cities. (2018徐州一中高二期中) A.Seen distributing B.Seen to be distributed C.Seen distributed D.Having seen distributed,解析 句意为：遍布乡村和偏远地区的卫星天线使远离城市的人们可以收看电视。前后主语相同，主语satellite dishes和动词“看”是被动关系，要用过去分词。此处也考查了“see宾语宾补”结构，distribute“分布”，与主语是被动关系，用过去分词。综上，C选项正确。,答案,解析,
36、7.Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car . A.washed B.wash C.washing D.to wash,解析 此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故选A。句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。,答案,解析,8.Children，when by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. A.to be accompanied B.to accompany C
37、.accompanying D.accompanied,解析 句意为：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。因为children和accompany之间是被动关系，所以应该使用过去分词accompanied。此处是状语从句的省略。当主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，本题中的从句还原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。,答案,解析,9.Trump Tower， as the headquarters for The Trump Organization，is a 58-story skysc
38、raper in Midtown Manhattan. A.serving；located B.served；located C.served；locating D.serving；locating,解析 句意为：川普大楼，作为川普集团总部，是一栋位于曼哈顿市中心的58层摩天大楼。serve as与Trump Tower之间为主动关系，故用现在分词；located in为过去分词短语作后置定语。serve as担任，充当，起的作用；be located in位于，坐落于。,答案,解析,10.In this library，you can use your own computer to connect to Wi-Fi specially for readers.(2018常熟高二期中) A.preparing B.to prepare C.prepared D.prepare,答案,解析,解析 句意为：在这个图书馆，你可以用你自己的电脑来连接给读者准备的无线网。prepare与Wi-Fi是被动关系，故用动词的过去分词作后置定语。,
