1、Unit 2 The environment,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,达标检测,语法专题,Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage,基础自测,.重点单词 1. n.到来，抵达；到达者vi.到达 2. vt.& n.逮捕 3. adv.非法地adj.非法的adj.合法的adv.合法地,arrival,arrive,arrest,illegally,illegal,legal,legally,4. n.海关；关税n.风俗，习惯n.顾客 5. vt.使印象深刻n.印象adj.印象深刻的adj.给人以深刻印象的 6. vi.冲突，抵触；n.冲突；矛盾,c
2、ustoms,custom,customer,impress,impression,impressed,impressive,conflict,.重点短语 1.change back 变回 2. all根本，丝毫 3.make space 为腾出空间 4.pick 拾起；(开车)接；收听；学会 5.clean 打扫(或清除)干净,into,at,for,up,up,.重点句式 1.with复合结构 The state of our parks is very shocking， . 我们公园的状况令人十分震惊，到处都是垃圾。 2.Upon/Onn./doing sth. 一就spring，be
3、autiful birds would sing happily in the park. 一到春天，漂亮的鸟儿就会在公园里欢快地歌唱。,with rubbish everywhere,Upon/On the arrival of,3.as if从句 It was . 好像人们并没有在听。 4.like it when. I liked when you told that joke. 我喜欢你讲那个笑话(的时候)。,as if people were not listening,it,要点探究,Nothing you find in Ecoville causes any harm at a
4、ll. 在生态村你根本找不到(对环境)造成危害的东西。,重点词汇,(1)at all意为“根本，丝毫”，常用于否定句、条件句中；还可用于肯定句、疑问句中，意为“真的，确实”。 (2)固定搭配： not at all根本不，一点也不 after all毕竟，终究 above all首先，最重要的是(强调重要性) in all总计；总之 first of all首先，第一(强调次序上的最早) all at once突然，同时，马上,(1)I dont agree with you at all. 我根本不同意你的意见。 (2)All at once，a rabbit came out of a h
5、ole. 突然，一只兔子从一个洞中跑了出来。 (3)There are more than 1,000 cars . 总共有一千多辆车。 (4) ，let me introduce myself. 首先，让我作一下自我介绍。,in all,First of all,单项填空 (5)I know he hasnt finished his homework，but he has done his best. A.at all B.in all C.after all D.above all,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我知道他还没有完成他的家庭作业，但毕竟他已经尽力了。故选C项。,When I h
6、eard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more，I was very impressed. 当我听到你说环境(保护)与经济(发展)需要更好的协调时，我留下了深刻的印象。,(1)impressed adj.印象深刻的 be impressed with/by对印象深刻 (2)impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记 impress sth. on/upon sb. impress sb. with sth. 使某人牢记某事 (3)impression n.印象 leave
7、/make/create a/an.impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 (4)impressive adj.给人以深刻印象的,(1)Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. 威廉姆斯对本杰明印象深刻，并送给他两本经典的绘画书让他带回家。 (2017浙江) (2)Father me. Father the value of hard work. 父亲让我铭记努力工作的重要性。,impressed the value of hard wo
8、rk on/upon,impressed me with,单项填空 (3)My first of him was that he was a kind and considerate young man.(2017徐州王杰中学高二期中) A.expression B.admission C.explanation D.impression,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我对他的第一印象是他是一个和蔼的、体贴的年轻人。根据句意，故选D项。,Many people think that economic development and environmental protection conflict
9、 with each other. 许多人认为经济发展与环境保护是相互矛盾的。,conflict vi.冲突，抵触；n.冲突，矛盾 conflict with与相矛盾；与发生冲突；与相抵触 in conflict with与冲突,(1)They hope to avoid military conflict with Iran. 他们希望避免与伊朗发生军事冲突。 (2)Your request conflicts with my duties. Your request is my duties. 你的请求与我的职责相抵触。,in conflict with,单项填空 (3)All schoo
10、lteachers are required to take courses every year to update their knowledge the progress of the times. (2018盐城射阳中学高二月考) A.in conflict with B.in place of C.in defence of D.in regard to,答案,解析,解析 句意为：所有老师被要求每年进修来更新他们与时代进步相冲突的知识。 in conflict with与冲突；in place of代替；in defence of防卫；in regard to关于。根据句意，故选A项
11、。,The state of our parks is very shocking，with rubbish everywhere. 我们公园的状况令人十分震惊，到处都是垃圾。,(1)with rubbish everywhere是with的复合结构作状语。 (2)with的复合结构指“with宾语宾语补足语”，常见的形式有：with宾语,经典句式,doing表示主动或正在进行的动作) done(表示被动或已完成的动作) to do(表示将来的动作) adj./adv./介词短语,(1)He is used to sleeping with the window open. 他习惯开着窗户睡觉
12、。 (2)He left his office the door . 他没有锁门就离开办公室了。 (3)The building looks even more beautiful . 大楼的灯全部打开时，看起来甚至更漂亮。,with,unlocked,with all lights on,单项填空 (4)CICC released a list of the 30 most beautiful counties in China for the year 2014，with Yangshuo the list.(2017泰兴中学高二期中) A.topped B.topping C.to to
13、p D.having topped,答案,解析,解析 分析句子，本句是with 的复合结构，top 和Yangshuo是主动关系，因此用动词的现在分词形式。,Upon the arrival of spring，beautiful birds would sing happily in the park. 一到春天，漂亮的鸟儿就会在公园里欢快地歌唱。,(1)Upon/Onn./doing sth. 是固定结构，意为“一就”，相当于一个状语从句。 (2)表达“一就”的其他方式有： as soon as，no sooner.than.，hardly.when. immediately，direct
14、ly，instantly the instant/moment/minute/second.,(1)As soon as I went in，Kate let out a cry of surprise. 我一进去，凯特就惊讶地叫了一声。 (2) her mother，she burst into tears. 一见到母亲，她就放声大哭起来。,Upon/On seeing,单项填空 (3) his returning，he will clean the room and wash clothes. (2017徐州睢宁古邳中学摸底) A.As soon as B.Upon C.For the m
15、oment D.The moment,答案,解析,解析 根据后面的his returning，可知这里考查“upon doing sth. 一就”。,It was as if people were not listening. 好像人们并没有在听。,(1)as if好像，在本句中引导表语从句。 (2)as if可引导表语从句和状语从句，常用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)；若表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；若表示与将来事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。如果as if引导的从句所
16、表示的内容与事实相符，则使用陈述语气。,(1)He acts as if he an American. 他做起事来好像是一个美国人。 (2)It is cloudy now and it looks as if it going to rain. 现在天阴了，看上去好像要下雨了。,were,is,解析 as if似乎，好像。其后面的从句有两种情况，如果是真实情况，就使用陈述语气；如果表示的是虚拟的事情，就使用虚拟语气。句意为：打破玻璃的是John，为什么你说的好像是我打破了玻璃一样？根据前一句中的was说明打破玻璃是过去发生的事情，所以是与过去事实相反的假设，故使用过去完成时。,单项填空 (
17、3)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if Iit？(2018盐城射阳中学高二月考) A.had done B.have done C.did D.am doing,答案,解析,I liked it when you told that joke. 我喜欢你讲那个笑话(的时候)。,句中like是及物动词，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的从句。 (1)在英语中，表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接接宾语从句，而要用形式宾语it，然后再接真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有：appreciate，enjo
18、y，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer等。 (2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后接真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on，rely on，see to等。,(1)I really enjoy it when the weather gets warm. 我真的很喜欢天气变得暖和的时候。 (2)You may they will support you. 你放心好了，他们会支持你的。,depend/rely on it that,解析 句意为：如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来，我将很感激。Id appreciate it if.意为“如果我将不胜感激
19、”，是固定句式。,单项填空 (3)Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.(2018南京淳辉高级中学高二月考) A.it B.you C.one D.this,答案,解析,解析 句意为：一个负责任的老师务必做到他的每一个学生都能充分发挥自己的潜能。固定句型：see to it that.务必做到。故选D项。,(4)A responsible teacher must see to that every one of his students develops his full
20、potential. A.all B.them C./ D.it,答案,解析,达标检测,.词形变换 1.We waited for the (arrive) of our guests. 2.More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon to promote the local (economic).(2015四川) 3.Hundreds of people have formed (impress) of you through that little device(装置) on your desk. 4.She put on dark gla
21、sses as a (protect) against the strong light. 5.The teaching building，designed to be (environment) friendly，will be completed next year.,arrival,economy,impressions,protection,environmentally,.完成句子 6.他表现得好像没有东西可学一样。 He acted as if he . 7.一听到这个消息，她就大声地哭了起来。，she burst out crying. 8.她毫无生活经验。 She had .
22、9.他和衣躺在床上。 He was lying on the bed . 10.我已经表明我反对这个计划。 I have Im against the plan.,had nothing to learn,On/Upon hearing the news,no experience of life at all,with all his clothes on,made it clear that,.单项填空 11.Her newspaper account of what happened with his.I have no idea who I should believe. A.agre
23、es B.debates C.conflicts D.argues,答案,解析,解析 句意为：她在报纸上对发生的事的陈述与他的相矛盾，我都不知道该相信谁。conflict with与相矛盾。故选C。,12.I felt my heart would burst with joy. A.even if B.as if C.even though D.now that,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我觉得我心花怒放。even if即使；as if好像；even though即使；now that既然。根据题意可知选B。,13.Have you got used to the Chinese food，
24、Robert? Yes.But I dont like when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I dislike.(2017泰州高二月考) A.this B.that C.those D.it,答案,解析,解析 句意为：罗伯特，你习惯中国食物了吗？是的。但我不喜欢中国主人老是让我吃我不喜欢的食物。此处考查I like it when句式，所以选D。,14. with the courage and determination of the young cancer patient，many people left message in hi
25、s microblog，encouraging him to fight with the disease. A.To impress B.Impressing C.Having impressed D.Impressed,答案,解析,解析 句意为：受到这位年轻癌症患者勇气和决心的感动，很多人在他的微博上留言，鼓励他与疾病作斗争。be impressed with被所感动。,解析 句意为：据报道那个代理商因使用假护照而被捕。be arrested for因被逮捕；be accused of因被指控；be charged with被控告；be suspected of被怀疑。,15.It is
26、reported that the agent was for carrying a false passport. A.arrested B.accused C.charged D.suspected,答案,解析,语法专题,语法感知,现在分词,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Other types of waste flow into our water， (kill) river and sea life. 2.As a business development consultant，Im often seen as (be) against the environment. 3.What
27、Im here to say is that (work) with many environmental consultants，I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.,killing,being,having worked,4.This might make wood and seafood more expensive，but (pay) a higher price for some things is not always bad. 5. (ask)
28、around，I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.,paying,Asking,语法精析,一、现在分词的概念 现在分词是非谓语动词形式的一种，通常由“动词原形ing”构成。现在分词既有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语或状语；又有形容词的性质，可以作定语、表语。 例如： They went to the park，singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。(singing and talking与went同时
29、发生)(一般式) Having done his homework，he played basketball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。(having done发生在played basketball之前)(完成式),二、现在分词的时态和语态,The students came in，following the teacher. 学生们跟着老师进来了。 The question being discussed is very difficult for us to deal with. 现在正在讨论的问题对我们来说很难处理。 Having finished their work，they we
30、nt home. 完成工作后，他们就回家了。 Having been shown around the Birds Nest.We were taken to see the Water Cube. 被领着参观了鸟巢之后，我们又被带着去看了水立方。,三、现在分词的句法功能 1.作定语 (1)现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行或经常性的现在或当时的状态。当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在名词后(称为后置定语，相当于一个定语从句)；如果修饰代词，则通常放在代词后面。例如： In the following years he worked even harder. 在
31、以后的几年中，他学习更努力了。 The girl singing for us is ten years old. 为我们唱歌的那个女孩10岁了。,(2)现在分词与名词或形容词一起可构成合成词，用作形容词，可作定语。例如： a coal-mining centre采煤中心 breath-taking scenery令人惊叹的景色 English-speaking countries说英语的国家 a good-looking child长得好看的孩子 a high-sounding expression夸张的说法，高调,2.作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征。常见的有：exciting，
32、interesting，disappointing，discouraging，encouraging，puzzling，missing，surprising，confusing，amusing，charming，astonishing，shocking，inviting等。这些现在分词几乎已经变成形容词，常用very修饰。例如： The film being shown in the cinema is very exciting. 正在这家电影院上映的电影很棒。 The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。,3.作宾语补足语和主语补足语 (1)
33、以下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see，watch，hear，feel，find，get，keep，notice，observe，listen to，look at，leave，catch，start，have，set，want等。例如： Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ I wont have him shouting at me that way. 我不允许他那样对我大喊大叫。 (2)如果谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补足语，分词形式不变。例如： He was seen comi
34、ng in. 有人看见他正走进来。,4.作状语 现在分词(短语)作状语时，可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随等，还可作独立成分。例如： Not knowing English(As he didnt know English)，he couldnt understand the film. 由于不懂英语，他看不懂这部电影。(表原因) Hearing the result(When I heard the result)，I couldnt help jumping. 听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。(表时间),Turning to the left(If you turn to
35、 the left)，you will see the post office. 如果你往左拐，就会看见邮局。(表条件) It snowed heavily last night，thus causing the traffic problems today(as a result we have the traffic problems today). 昨晚下大雪，从而导致了今天的交通问题。(表结果) Weighing almost one hundred jin(Though it weighed almost one hundred jin)，the box was lifted by
36、him with one hand. 尽管这个盒子几乎有100斤重，他却用一只手将其举了起来。(表让步) The man sat there，reading the newspaper(and was reading the newspaper). 那位男士坐在那儿，在看报。(表伴随),1.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， more patients to be treated.(2017天津，14) A.being allowed B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed,答案
37、,解析,解析 句意为：医院最近获得了新医疗设备，从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。,高考链接,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students. (2016浙江，19) A.working B.work C.to work D.worked,答案,解析,解析 句意为：航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心，是固定搭配，故选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
38、,8,3.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is quite another.(2015浙江，18) A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed,答案,解析,解析 句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
39、8,4. for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015天津，8) A.To work B.Worked C.To be working D.Having worked,答案,解析,解析 句意为：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。动词work与句子主语Steve之间为主动关系，故要用现在分词形式；同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前，故要用完成时。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their w
40、ay the sun and the stars. (2015重庆，11) A.used B.having used C.using D.use,答案,解析,解析 句意为：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴随状语，表示与find同时发生。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,6.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground， wheth
41、er to stay or leave.(2015湖南，30) A.wondering B.wonder C.to wonder D.wondered,答案,解析,解析 句意为：那名店员看到一张友善的脸，脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹，这时她愣在了那里，琢磨着是走还是留。句子的主语she与wonder之间是主动关系，且wonder与主句谓语stood是同时发生的，故用现在分词作伴随状语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,7.In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared， the sense of “information” an
42、d “atmosphere”.(2015福建，33) A.combine B.combined C.combining D.being combined,答案,解析,解析 句意为：最近几年，一个英语单词“infosphere”出现了，它是把“information”和“atmosphere”两个词的意思结合在了一起。combine和其逻辑主语word是主动关系。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8.The park was full of people， themselves in the sunshine. (2015北京，23) A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.e
43、njoying D.to enjoy,答案,解析,解析 句意为：公园里挤满了人，他们尽情地享受着阳光。 people和enjoy之间是主谓关系；且非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，故用现在分词的一般式。故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,达标检测,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. (follow) the teachers suggestion，Tom finally found a way to settle the problem. 2.Recently a survey (compare) prices of the same goods in two differen
44、t supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens. 3. (gather) around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people. 4.The number of farmers with Internet access has dramatically increased，(change) the way farmers do business. 5. (ask) to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful f
45、ilm.,Following,comparing,Gathering,changing,Having been asked,.完成句子 6.这个女孩和父母吵架以后就离开了家，这让她父母很担心。 The girl left home after quarreling with her parents，_ . 7.每年，这座古老的庙宇都会吸引很多游客来参观。它的历史可以追溯到11世纪。 Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old temple the eleventh century.,making them qui
46、te,worried,dating back to,8.由他所弹奏的电影音乐听起来很令人兴奋。 The music of the film played by him . 9.很快他们就看见蒸汽从湿衣服里冒出来。 Soon they could see the steam the wet clothes. 10.由于住在纽约多年，我对这里的每一处都很熟悉。in New York for years，I know each part of it well.,sounds so exciting,rising from,Having lived,.单项填空 11.He sent me an e-mail， to keep in touch with me. (2018徐州王杰中学高二月考) A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope,
