1、Unit 1 Getting along with others,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,达标检测,语法专题,Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage,基础自测,.重点单词 1. n.娱乐，消遣 2. n.身份 3. adj.荒唐的，怪诞的,amusement,identity,absurd,1.stay 熬夜 2.no 毫无疑问 e up 想出，提出 4.cheer sb. 使某人振奋 5. rather宁愿 6.rather 而不是 7.look forward doing sth. 渴望做某事 8.put 推迟,.重点短语,up,doubt
2、,with,up,would,than,to,off,1.not only.but also. He is ， ，so everyone likes him. 他不仅有礼貌，而且心胸宽广，也不失幽默，所以大家都很喜欢他。 2.would rather.than. You know I study algebra and arithmetic! 你知道我宁愿去看牙科医生也不愿去学代数和算术！,.重点句式,not only polite,but also open-minded and humorous,would rather visit the dentist than,要点探究,We sta
3、y up at night and talk about many things. 我们晚上会聊许多事情，睡得比较晚。,stay up熬夜，不睡觉；保持留在原位；不倒，不沉，挺住(不动) stay still静止不动 stay with和待在一起 stay out不在家；待在外面；避开 stay in 待在家里；不外出 stay over 留宿 注意： stay up熬夜的同义词组有： sit up，burn the midnight oil，deep into the night。,重点词汇,(1)We stayed up till midnight studying English. 我们
4、一直学英语到午夜。 (2)Strong houses may through the earthquake. 坚固的房子可能会在地震中保存下来。 (3)Dont stay still；there is a guest. 别呆着了，客人来了。 (4)My mother is staying with us this week. 我母亲这星期在我们家住。 (5)His father told him to stay out of trouble. 他父亲叫他避开麻烦。,stay up,单项填空 (6)If you do fall out of the boat，your lifejacket wi
5、ll help you to _ until we can fish you out. A.stand up B.keep up C.put up D.stay up,答案,解析,解析 句意为：如果你真从船上掉下去了，救生衣就可帮助你漂浮在水面上，直到我们把你搭救上来。stand up站起来，坚持；keep up保持，继续；put up张贴，挂起；stay up不倒，不沉。根据句意，可知选D。,Neither of us is quietthats for sure! 我们两人都不是安静的人那是肯定的！,(1)neither pron.两者中无论哪一个都不，常见结构为：neither.nor.
6、表示“既不也不”，连接的并列结构主要有：并列主语、并列谓语、并列状语和并列宾语(表语)。 (2)当neither.nor.连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。 (3)neither表示“两者”的完全否定，而both与not搭配则构成“两者”的部分否定；在表示“三者(或以上)”的完全否定时，用none，no one，nothing等，而表示“三者(或以上)”的部分否定时，用not等否定词与all，every，always等搭配。,(1)That is neither my fault nor yours. 那既不是我的错亦非你的错。 (2)He neither drinks no
7、r smokes. 他既不喝酒也不吸烟。 (3)Neither you nor she good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。,is,单项填空 (4)The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but contained any useful suggestions. A.all B.none C.either D.neither,答案,解析,解析 句意为：该研究小组根据调查发表了两份报告，但是都没有有用的建议。根据题干中的two reports和but可知，此处表示“两者都不”，所以用neither。
8、,I have no doubt he will succeed. 我毫不怀疑他会成功。,no doubt无疑地；很可能 beyond/out of doubt毫无疑问地 without doubt无疑地 Theres no doubt that.毫无疑问 注意：(1)doubt作动词时： 在肯定句中接whether/if引导的宾语从句。 在否定句、疑问句中接that引导的宾语从句。 (2)doubt作名词时： 在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句。 在否定句、疑问句中接that引导的同位语从句。,(1)No doubt，I have learned a lot from him. 无疑
9、地，我从他身上学到了很多。 (2)He is，without doubt，the greatest golfer. 毫无疑问，他是最优秀的高尔夫球手。 (3)We all doubt whether/if John will come on time. 我们都怀疑约翰会不会准时来。,单项填空 (4) in the world China is a great country with a long history and rich history.(2017启东高二月考) A.There is no doubt；if B.It is no doubt；that C.There is no do
10、ubt；that D.It is no doubt；whether,答案,解析,解析 句意为：毫无疑问中国是世界上有着悠久历史的强国。使用句型There is no doubt that.意为“毫无疑问”。that引导同位语从句。故选C。,See how many positive and negative adjectives that describe personality you can come up with. 看一看你能够想出多少表示积极和消极的描绘个性的形容词。,come up with想出，提出(主意、答案等)，该短语通常接a plan/a proposal/an idea等
11、作宾语。 come up走近；出现；被提及 come to life活跃起来，恢复生气 come out出版；出来；露出；开花 come across偶然遇到 注意：come up with提出，为及物动词短语，主语常为人，宾语为表示“建议、计划、方案”等的名词；come up 在指“问题、建议、方案”等被提出时为不及物动词短语，主语常为物，无被动语态。,(1)The question is bound to come up at the meeting. 会上一定会讨论这个问题。 (2)The town came to life after sunrise. 日出之后，这个城镇恢复了生气。
12、(3)These animals only at night. 这些动物只在夜晚出来。,come out,单项填空 (4)Maybe you could be an inventormaybe even good enough to an idea for the next iPhone or new medicine for cancer. (2017无锡江阴四校高二期中) A.put up with B.keep up with C.catch up with D.come up with,答案,解析,解析 句意为：也许你可以成为一个发明家甚至成功地开发出下一部苹果手机或者研制出治疗癌症的
13、新药。put up with容忍；keep up with跟上；catch up with赶上；come up with想出，提出。根据句意选D项。,Im so glad I have persuaded you to apologize to Rachel. 能成功地说服你向雷切尔道歉，我真是太高兴了。,persuade vt.说服，劝说；使相信 (1)persuade sb. (not) to do sth. persuade sb. into/out of doing sth. talk sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人(不)做某事 (2)try to pe
14、rsuade sb. to do sth. advise sb. to do sth. 尽力说服某人做某事 (3)persuade sb. of sth. persuade sb. that.使某人相信某事 注意：persuade，advise这两个词都有“劝说”的意思，不同的是：persuade表示“劝说并使之听从”；若只表示劝说的动作而不强调“使之服从”的结果，要用advise或try to persuade。,(1)I persuaded him to give up the attempt. I persuaded him the attempt. I persuaded him th
15、e attempt. 我说服了他放弃这次尝试。 (2)He made vain efforts to try to persuade his son. 他努力说服儿子，但枉费了一番口舌。 (3)It will be difficult to persuade them that theres no other choice. 很难让他们相信别无选择。,into giving up,out of,单项填空 (4)His friend him not to smoke，but he didnt follow the suggestion. A.advised B.persuaded C.sugge
16、sted D.hoped,答案,解析,解析 句意为：他的朋友劝他不要吸烟，但是他没有听从这个建议。根据句意，这里没有说服，故用advise sb. to do sth. 。,Mum discourages me from chatting online. 妈妈阻止我网聊。,(1)discourage vt.劝阻，阻止；使失去信心，使泄气 discourage (doing) sth. 阻止(做)某事 discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 (2)discouraging adj.令人气馁的 (3)discouraged adj.气馁的 (4)encoura
17、ge vt.鼓励,(1)The difficult work discouraged Alan and he left school. 过难的功课使Alan失去了信心，他退学了。 (2)We in this school. 我们阻止在这所学校里吸烟。,discourage smoking,单项填空 (3)It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.We ought to be focusing on kids from smoking. A.discouraging B.inspiring C.persuadin
18、g D.encouraging,答案,解析,解析 句意为：吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。我们应把重点放在劝阻孩子们吸烟上。discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。根据题意，故选A。,He is not only polite，but also open-minded and humorous，so everyone likes him. 他不仅有礼貌，而且心胸宽广，也不失幽默，所以大家都很喜欢他。,not only.but also.不仅而且 (1)用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。 (2)当not only.but also.连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原
19、则上与其相近的主语保持一致。 (3)为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后接的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式(but also后面的分句不倒装)。 (4)also有时可以省略。,经典句式,(1)Not only the students but also their teacher enjoying the film.(连接两个主语) 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。 (2)We were not only hungry，but also tired.(连接两个表语) 我们不但饿了，而且也累了。 (3)His name is known not only in Ja
20、pan，but in China.(连接两个状语) 他不仅在日本出名，而且在中国也出名。,is,单项填空 (4)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ，but students became more interested in the lessons. A.saved was teachers energy B.was teachers energy saved C.teachers energy was saved D.was saved teachers energy,答案,解析,解析 句意为：计算机应用于教学。结果
21、，不仅教师节省了精力，而且学生对课程更感兴趣了。not only放在句首，其后的句子要进行部分倒装。,You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic! 你知道我宁愿去看牙科医生也不愿去学代数和算术！,(1)would rather (not) do.宁愿(不)做 would rather do.than do. would do.rather than do. rather than do.would do. 宁愿做(而)不愿做/与其倒不如 (2)would rather宾语从句，意为“宁愿
22、(某人)做某事”，此时从句要用虚拟语气。从句谓语用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来动作的虚拟；用过去完成时，表示对过去动作的虚拟。 (3)would rather have done.本来想做而未实现,(1)He would rather die than betray his friends. 他宁愿死也不愿出卖他的朋友们。 (2)We would rather rent the house than buy it outright. 我们宁可租这幢房子，也不愿直接买下它。 (3)I would rather that you it now. 我宁愿你现在就做这件事。,did,单项填空 (4)Y
23、our aunt invites you to the movies today. I would rather she me tomorrow than today. A.tells B.told C.would tell D.had told,答案,解析,解析 would rather (that) sb. did sth. (对现在或将来的虚拟)，由答语知此处是对将来情况的假设。故选B项。,达标检测,.词形变换 1.He is a (gift) athlete. 2.He has a habit of making (humor) remarks，so we all like him.
24、3.The most (discourage) thing is to be misunderstood by others. 4.His chief (amuse) is reading novels. 5.He would rather stay poor than get money in a (honest) way.,gifted,humorous,discouraging,amusement,dishonest,.完成句子 6.我相信你是诚实的。 I that you are honest. 7.她最终说服他去了医院。 Finally she him going to hospit
25、al. 8.他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。 His parents him an actor. 9.工人们不仅想要涨工资，还想要减少工时。the workers want to increase their pay， they also want to reduce working hours. 10.我宁愿你明天来。 I would rather tomorrow.,have no doubt,persuaded,into,tried to discourage,from being,Not only do,but,you came,.单项填空 11. is no doubt that the
26、 Rockets will defeat the Washington Wizards in the next game. A.It B.As C.That D.There,答案,解析,解析 句意为：毫无疑问，火箭队将会在下一场比赛中打败华盛顿奇才队。There is no doubt that.是毫无疑问的，是固定句型。故选D。,12.Frankly，Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A.do B.dont do C.didnt do D.will not do,答案,解析,解析 would rather后的从句用虚拟语气
27、；for the time being “目前，暂时”表示与现在相反的假设。故选C。,13.So far，only one man has a theory that seems to fit all the facts. A.come up with B.put up with C.lined up with D.caught up with,答案,解析,解析 句意为：到目前为止，仅有一人提出了一个看起来与所有事实相符的理论。come up with想出，提出；put up with忍受；line up with与对齐；catch up with追上。,14.The shy girl fel
28、t and uncomfortable when she couldnt answer her teachers questions.(2017盐城龙冈中学高二调研) A.amazed B.awkward C.curious D.amused,答案,解析,解析 句意为：这个害羞的女孩在回答不出老师的问题时感到尴尬。所以选择B。,解析 句意为：那年他不仅为家乡建了一所学校，而且为地震灾区提供了帮助。not only位于句首时其后的句子用部分倒装，但but (also)后面的句子不倒装。,15.Not only a school for his hometown that year，but a h
29、elping hand to the people in the earth-stricken area. A.he built；he lent B.he built；did he lend C.did he build；did he lend D.did he build；he lent,答案,解析,语法专题,动词不定式与动名词,语法感知,动词不定式,单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.I have nothing to do but to watch TV. 2.Youd better to tidy your room. 3.He was made work thirteen hours
30、 a day. 4.They were the last guests arrive. 5.Mrs Smith warned her daughter never drive., to, to, to,语法精析,动词不定式由“to动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。,常见的形式如下表所示(以及物动词do为例)，不及物动词没有被动语态。,一、不定式的时态和语态 1.一般式表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。例如： He seems to know this. 他似乎
31、知道这事。 I hope to see you again. I hope that Ill see you again. 我希望再见到你。 2.进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如： He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么东西。,3.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如： Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。 He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。 4.完成进行式表示动作从过去开始延续至
32、说话的时候。例如： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。,二、不定式的作用 1.作主语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。,2.作宾语 大致上
33、有两种情况： (1)有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为“动词不定式”。例如： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 (2)“疑问词不定式”结构可作介词的宾语。例如： Were talking about how to overcome the present difficulties. 我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。 She gave me lots of valuable advice on how to lose weight. 她就如何减肥给我提出了许多宝贵的建议。,3.作宾补 有些动词可以用不定式作
34、补语。有这种用法的动词有：advise，allow，cause，challenge，command，drive(驱使)，enable，encourage，forbid，force，instruct，invite，like/love，order，permit，make，let，have，want，get，warn，persuade，request，send，tell，train，urge等。例如： Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官
35、命令士兵们开火。,4.作表语 不定式可放在系动词后面作表语。例如： His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 5.作定语 不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。例如： Are you going to the conference to be held next week? 你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？,6.作状语 (1)作目的状语 常用结构为to do，only to do，in order to do，so as to do，so (such).as to.。例如： He ran so fast as to catch the
36、 first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say goodbye to you. 我来仅仅是为了向你告别。,(2)作结果状语 表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了房间，结果什么也没发现。 (3)表原因 She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。,(4)表理由和条件 He must be a fool to say so. 他那样说真是傻。 You will do well to speak mo
37、re carefully. 如果你说话再小心一些，你将会做得很好。 注意：1.省去to的动词不定式 (1)情态动词(除ought外)后。,(2)使役动词let，have，make后；感官动词see，watch，look at，notice，observe，hear，listen to，smell，feel，find等后。但被动语态中不能省去to。例如： The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 I saw him dance.He was seen to
38、 dance. 我看见他跳舞。 (3)would rather，had better句型后。 (4)Why./Why not.句型后。,(5)help后可带to，也可不带to。 (6)but和except后。but前有实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃药，他什么都信。 (7)由and，or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去。 Id like to lie down a
39、nd (to) go to sleep. 我想躺下睡觉了。,(8)通常在discover，imagine，suppose，find，consider等词后作宾补或主补时，可以省去to be。例如： He is supposed (to be) nice. 他被认为是个好人。 2.to可以用作不定式的标志，也可用作介词。下面的to都用作介词： admit to object to be accustomed to be used to(习惯于) stick to turn to(开始) look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribu
40、te to apologize to devote oneself to when it comes to,1.In a diverse society，one would expect multiple interpretations of rights. A.it being B.it to be C.there being D.there to be,答案,解析,解析 句意为：在一个多元化的社会，人们会期望对于权力有多种解释。expect后面接动词的时候，用动词不定式，本句又结合了there be句型，即生成expect there to be的复合结构。故选D项。,对点训练,2.Who
41、m do you want to have the parts of a car together? A.fix B.to fix C.fixing D.fixed,答案,解析,解析 have sb. do sth. 结构为省略to的不定式，作have的宾语的whom提到句首去了。故选A。,3.Under the environment of fierce competition，the only way John could imagine stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts. A.handling B.to handle
42、C.handled D.having handled,答案,解析,解析 句意为：在激烈的竞争环境里，John想到的能够应对压力的唯一方法就是通过努力让自己更加强大起来。John could imagine为插入语，the way to do sth. /of doing sth. 为固定搭配。此处的动词不定式作后置定语。故B正确。,4.The water was now two feet deep，making it difficult，if not impossible， the car out. A.getting B.got C.to get D.get,答案,解析,解析 句意为：水有两
43、英尺深，把这辆小车弄出来就算是有可能的话也是非常困难的。非谓语动词为本题主要考查点。making it difficult是非谓语动词作结果状语。在句子中it 是形式宾语，此处真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。结合句意，故答案为C。,5.It is said that the project will cost 580 million，half coming from investors，the rest .(2017南京一模) A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.being borrowed,答案,解析,解析 句意为：据说这个项目将要耗费5.8亿美
44、元，一半来自于投资者，剩下的就要被借。表示将要发生的动作，用动词不定式，borrow 和the rest 是被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动形式。,语法感知,动名词,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.He was praised for (do) a good deed. 2.We were all excited for (be) praised. 3.After (send) you that letter，I recollected how stupid I was. 4.It is a waste of time (persuade) such a person to join us. 5.
45、Their (come) to help was a great encouragement to us. 6.I apologize for not (have) waited for you.,doing,being,sending,persuading,coming,having,7.Do you have any difficulty (in) (understand) spoken English? 8.It is no use/no good (cry) over spilt milk. 9. (climb) mountains is really fun. 10.Would yo
46、u mind his (use) your computer?,understanding,crying,Climbing,using,语法精析,动名词由动词原形加-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词可以起名词的作用，在句中作主语和宾语等；同时，它还保留着某些动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。,动名词的否定形式为：not/never动名词。详情见下表(以动词do为例)：,一、动名词的时态和语态 1.主动语态 (1)一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可以与谓语动词同时发生。例如： Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play. 然后这几周的时间我们排练这部戏。 (2)完成式。完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： He apologized to me for having broken my glasses. 由于打破了我的眼镜，他向我道歉。,
