1、Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage.重点单词1 adj.极度的；极端的adv.极其，非常2 vi.抱怨n抱怨3 n骨骼，骨头4 adj.木制的n木材；木头5 n皮革.重点短语1 公布，发布；扑灭2 以为例3 注意4 参加；参与5 状态良好6 很有价值7 达到，进入(某种状态).重点句式1as 引导原因状语从句This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied， .这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。2have the chance
2、 to do sth.During these years I have had the chance (explore) many different places in China and throughout the world.在这些年期间，我有了探索中国和遍及世界许多不同地方的机会。3either.or.People either tried to flee stayed in their houses.人们或者尽力逃跑或者待在家里。重点词汇1On the World Heritage List put out by UNESCO，altogether there are about
3、 900 World Heritage sites，which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations.在联合国教科文组织公布的世界遗产目录中，一共有大约 900 处世界遗产遗址，这些遗址被认为对人类文明有着非凡的价值。归纳拓展put out 公布，发布；出版；熄灭，扑灭put down 放下，记下；镇压put off 推迟put on 穿上，戴上；演出put aside 把放一边；储存备用put away 把收起；放好；抛弃，放弃(想法等)put up 举起；建立；张贴；短期住宿put togethe
4、r 组合，放在一起语境助记(1)The government will put out a new statement tomorrow.政府将于明天发布一项新声明。(2)This magazine is put out every Friday.这份杂志每周五出版。(3)They quickly put out the fire.他们迅速将火扑灭。(4)The exam results will be put up on next Friday afternoon.考试结果将在下周五下午被张贴。题组训练(1)Were trying to a few hundred dollars every
5、 month for our vacation.Aput off Bput downCput out Dput aside(2)Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can almost every word her teacher says.Aput out Bput downCput away Dput together2Take the ancient Roman city Pompeii as an example.以古罗马庞贝城为例。归纳拓展take.as an example 以为例；以为榜样for example 例如s
6、et an example to sb.为某人树立榜样follow/copy ones example 效仿某人，以某人为榜样语境助记(1)If you take her as an example，one day you will become a great scholar.如果你以她为榜样，总有一天你会成为博学之士。(2)I must set an example to this young friend.我一定要给这个小朋友做个榜样。(3)Hes decided to follow his fathers example and study law.他决定效仿其父学习法律。题组训练(1
7、)我不会拿这个来作例子的。I would not .(2)许多伟人从贫困中崛起，例如林肯。Many great men have risen from povertyLincoln， .(3)I will show you how to hit the ball and then you must my example.Acopy BlistenCset Dmake3His devotion to the study of Loulan has made him a famous expert in this field.他专心研究楼兰，这使他成为该领域的知名专家。归纳拓展(1)devotio
8、n n挚爱；忠诚；热心；献身(2)devote vt.致力于；献身devote sth.to (doing) sth.把时间 (钱、精力等)献给某事物devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于或致力于(做)某事(3)devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的be devoted to (doing) sth.致力于或献身于( 做)某事语境助记(1)His devotion to his wife and family is touching.他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。(2)After he graduated he continued to devote himself
9、 to research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。(3)He is devoted to the cause of peace.他致力于和平事业。题组训练(1)用 devote 的适当形式填空He is highly thought of because of his to duty. to his work，he seldom goes home.(2)After she retired，she most of her time to housework and bringing up her grandchildren.Aspent BtookCprovided Ddevoted4O
10、ne complained that the room was not clean and that it was not very comfortable either.有人抱怨说房间不干净而且也很不舒适。归纳拓展(1)complain vi.抱怨complain (to sb.) about/of sth./that.(向某人) 抱怨(2)complaint n抱怨；投诉make a complaint against sb./about sth.对某人/事进行投诉，抱怨语境助记(1)She complained that no one had been at the airport to
11、 meet her.她抱怨没有人去机场接她。(2)He complained of his bad memory.他抱怨自己记性不好。(3)I am now writing to make a complaint about the service of your hotel.我写此信意在投诉贵宾馆的服务。题组训练(1)用适当的介词填空We received a lot of complaints customers the lack of parking facilities.Im going to complain the manager this.(2)Its no use withou
12、t taking any action.Acomplain BcomplainingCbeing complained Dto be complained5What has the world come to when the past matters more than the present?当过去的事情比现在的事情还重要时，这个世界会变成什么样呢？归纳拓展come to 达到(某一状况)come to sth.谈及 ，涉及 ；合计，共计；达到 (某状况)，结果是come to sb.(主意)被某人想出，在某人的脑海中浮现come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉when it com
13、es to (doing) sth.当涉及(做) 某事时语境助记(1)What will the world come to when all the animals die out some day?当将来某一天所有动物都灭绝的时候，世界将会是什么样子？(2)All his plans came to nothing.他所有的计划都没有结果。(3)The bill came to 30.账单共计 30 美元。(4)The idea came to him in his bath.他洗澡时想出了这个主意。(5)When it comes to politics，I have no intere
14、st.谈及政治，我一点兴趣都没有。题组训练(1)When it comes to in public，no one can match him.(2014江西，26)Aspeak BspeakingCbeing spoken Dbe spoken(2)Most of us know we should cut down on fat，but knowing such things isnt of much help when it shopping and eating.(2016大丰区新丰中学高一期中)Arefers to Bspeaks ofCfocuses on Dcomes to经典句
15、式1This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied，as they are often very old.这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。归纳拓展句中 as 引导原因状语从句，表示已知的、比较明显的原因，意为“由于，因为” ，用作连词。常位于句首或句中，不能回答含 why 的疑问句，也不能在强调句中作为被强调的成分。(1)as 作连词，除引导原因状语从句外，还可引导以下几种状语从句。方式状语从句，意为“像，按照的方式” ；时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边一边；当时” ；让
16、步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然” ，必须使用倒装，即把从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词的一部分提至 as 前。(2)as 作介词，意为“作为；如同 ”。(3)as 作关系代词，引导定语从句。(4)as 作副词，接连接词 as，意为“同样地” ，否定句中也可用 so 代替 as。语境助记(1)As the weather was fine，we decided to go for a walk.因为天气好，我们决定去散步。(2)Every one of the students also put a finger in their mouths just as the teacher did.就像老师
17、那样，每个学生也把一个手指放在他们的嘴里。(3)As she grew older，she gained confidence.随着年龄的增长，她的信心也增强了。(4)Happy as they were，there was something missing.尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。(5)The Tshirt I received is not the same as is shown online.我收到的这件 T 恤衫和网页上展示的不一样。题组训练(1)He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.Aas B
18、ifCunless Dthough(2)Coach，can I continue with the training?Sorry，you cant you havent recovered from the knee injury.Auntil BbeforeCas Dunless2People either tried to flee or stayed in their houses.人们或者尽力逃跑或者待在家里。归纳拓展(1)either.or.意为“或者或者；不是就是” ，表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。本句中 either.or.连接 tried 和 stayed 两个并列的
19、谓语。(2)either.or.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“就近原则” 。(3)若要对 either.or.句型进行否定，只需把 either.or.换成 neither.nor.即可。语境助记(1)When the girl is happy，she either sings or dances.那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。(2)Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。(3)Neither you nor she is good at drawing.你和她都不
20、擅长绘画。题组训练(1)I think Tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or his job.Aquits Bto quitCquitting Dquit(2)When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon? .Ill be in all day.(2014江西，32) AAny BNoneCNeither DEither.单词拼写1He lives in a state of (极度的) poverty.2Many people (抱怨) that
21、their jobs are uninteresting and stressful.3He almost choked to death on a fish b yesterday.4After many experiments，he finally succeeded in finding the s to the difficult problem.5There is a w bridge over the river.选词填空in good condition；put out；take part in；come to；pay attention to6The fire was fina
22、lly after the building had been on fire for two hours.7Generally speaking，those who physical exercise are in good health.8How many countries the last Olympic Games?9The bill 10,000 dollars.10I dont care about the price，as long as the car is .完成句子11我很荣幸有机会为你们演讲。It is my honor .12由于太匆忙，他把这个包落在了家里。，he
23、left this bag home.13你可以乘坐地铁也可以乘坐巴士去那儿。You can go there .14在那段糟糕的时期，我们没有食物吃，也无处藏身。At that terrible period of time，we had and .15那时候，除了有关他自己的事，别的他什么也不关心。He had concern for nothing except .单项填空 16Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.(2016连云港东海县房山高级中学高一期中)Astick to Batten
24、d toCcontribute to Ddevote to17Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.Aare Bis Chave Dbe18In the meeting，voters expressed over continuing high unemployment and pressed the government into taking immediate action.(2016靖江高一阶段测试)Asatisfactions BconcernsCcomplaints
25、 Dopinions19 it comes to traffic rules，I often come across such cases the local drivers obviously know them but wont follow them.AIf；why BWhen；whichCOnce ；as DWhen；where20Hello，is Mr Smith in?Sorry，there is no such person you referred to in my office.(2016宝应高一期中)Athat BasCwho Dwhom语法感知用所给动词的适当形式填空1M
26、y English is poor.Im afraid that I cant make myself (understand)2The boy returned，with his nose (bleed)3Neither money nor food (have) been sent to the old man since two years ago.4Nobody but Tom and Jane (be) there last weekend.5Many a person (have) read the novel.6Whether we go to the party or not
27、(depend) on the weather.7Dont let your son (play) computer games like this any more.8What he said (be) right.9The secretary and headmaster (be) speaking at the meeting now.10I think you cant force your son (go) to see her.语法精析一、宾语补足语宾语补足语的语法功能是对宾语进行进一步的补充或说明，通常用于以下结构：动词宾语宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、分词(短语) 、不定式
28、(短语)、介词短语等均可在句子中充当宾语补足语。1名词作宾补作宾补的名词主要用于说明宾语的身份、职位、用途等。常接名词作宾补的动词有name，call ，choose，elect 等。He hasnt had anything invented but he calls himself an inventor.他什么都没发明过，却自称发明家。They named their child Tom.他们给孩子取名汤姆。2形容词和副词作宾补(1)形容词作宾补时主要用于表示宾语所处的状态或某一动作的结果，常接形容词作宾补的动词多为表示“认为，看待”等的动词如 believe，prove，conside
29、r 等。The facts proved his imagination groundless.事实证明他的想象是毫无根据的。He beat the bad guy black and blue.他把这个坏蛋打得青一块紫一块。(2)某些副词可用于及物动词或介词 with 和 without 后作宾补，作宾补的副词多用于表示动作或动作的方向等。I went to her room only to find her out.我去了她的房间，却发现她不在。The woman walked along the river up and down with her head down.那位女士低着头，沿
30、着河岸踱来踱去。3分词(短语)作宾补(1)现在分词(短语 )作宾补通常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词 with，without 等之后；作宾补的现在分词(短语)一般表示主动与进行，即宾语是分词 (短语)所表示的动作的执行者，且该动作正在进行。I am so sorry to have kept you waiting so long.不好意思让您久等了。I found those students studying very hard.我发现那些学生学习非常努力。(2)过去分词(短语 )作宾补也常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词 with，without 等之后；作宾补的过去分词(短语)通常表示被动
31、或完成，即宾语是过去分词 (短语)所表示的动作的承受者，或该动作已完成。The teacher wishes such questions discussed after class.老师希望在课后讨论这样的问题。She saw the thief caught by policemen.她看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。With all the work finished，he accepted the invitation to play football.由于所有作业都完成了，他接受了邀请去踢足球。注意：作宾补的过去分词多来自及物动词，但也有少数来自不及物动词，不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，仅
32、表示动作已完成，不表示被动。They found all the guests gone when they woke up.醒来时，他们发现所有的客人都走了。4动词不定式(短语)作宾补动词不定式(短语)作宾补通常表示具体的动作。(1)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于表示“愿望，喜好，要求，命令，请求”等的动词(hope， demand 除外)及介词 with 之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之后。She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.她要我在她不在时接电话。I prefer him not to co
33、me.我宁愿他不来。(2)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于 let，make，have 等使役动词 (get 除外)之后，此时动词不定式(短语) 所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，且不定式符号 to 须去掉。The teacher made his students finish homework at school.那位老师让他的学生在学校完成家庭作业。(3)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于 see，hear，watch，notice，feel 等感官动词后，此时不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常已经完成，且不定式符号 to 须去掉。I heard someone knock at the
34、 door three times.我听见有人敲了三次门。(4)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于动词 help 后时，不定式符号 to 可省去。Ill help you (to) clean the room.我将帮你打扫房间。(5)动词believe，declare，find，imagine，judge，prove，report，think，deny，discover，feel，guess，know，suppose，understand 等后的宾语补足语常为“to beadj ./n./prep.n.”或“to have过去分词”的形式。They all believe the story to
35、 be true.他们都相信这个故事是真实的。I judged him to have been a gambler.我判断他曾是个赌徒。(6)believe，consider，declare，find，imagine，judge，prove，report 和 think 等及物动词后的宾补为“to be adj./n./prep.n.”的一般式时，to be 可以省略。I thought him (to be) too old for the work.我认为他太老了，不适合做那项工作。I consider it (to be) unwise.我认为此举是不明智的。注意：分词(短语)与不定式
36、( 短语) 作宾补的区别：现在分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语) 所表示的动作的执行者；过去分词( 短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词( 短语)所表示的动作的承受者；不带 to 的不定式(短语)作宾补表示一个已经完成的具体动作；带 to 的不定式(短语)作宾补往往表示不定式( 短语)所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。题组训练 1用所给动词的适当形式填空1In the end，we found the girl (lock) in a dark room.2Just at that time，I saw an old woman (cross) the narrow st
37、reet.3My mother asked me (buy) some meat for the meal.4Ive never heard the word (use) in spoken English.5It is foolish to cross the road without (look) both ways.二、主谓一致1单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式单复数同形的名词作主语时，如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。This glass works was set up in 1980.这家玻璃厂建于 1980 年。All possib
38、le means have been tried.所有可能的办法都试过了。2一些以复数形式出现的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式名词如 trousers，scissors ，clothes，goods，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；但这些名词前若出现 a pair of，谓语动词一般用单数。His clothes are good.他的衣服很不错。A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜。3以s 结尾的不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。4集体名词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)集体
39、名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。Nowadays almost every family in the village owns a television.如今村里几乎每家都有电视机。His family are all tall.他的家人都很高。类似的集体名词主要有：army， audience，band，class，committee，crowd ，government，population ，public，staff，team 等。(2)有些集体名词如：cattle，folk，people，police，youth 等，只当复数看待
40、，谓语动词必须用复数。There are many people in the meeting room.会议室里有很多人。5代词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)不定代词 each，every，no 等修饰的名词即使以 and 或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。Each boy and each girl has an apple.每个男孩和女孩都有一个苹果。Every man has his fault.每个人都有缺点。No man is born wise.人非生而知之。(2)如果主语由 more than one.或 many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单
41、数形式。More than one student has seen the film.不止一个学生看过那部电影。(3)主语由 both，(a) few，many，several 等限定词修饰时，谓语动词要用复数形式。Both (of) these films are boring.这两部电影都没意思。Few (of) the guests are familiar to us.客人中没有几个是我们熟悉的。(4)such， the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such is our plan.我们的计划就是这样。(5)all，most ，some 等代词作主语
42、时，要遵循意义一致的原则，即其谓语动词的单、复数形式要根据它们所代替的词的含义来确定。All of my classmates work hard.我们班所有的同学学习都很用功。All of the water is gone.所有的水都用光了。(6)由代词 each，every one，no one，either ，neither，another，the other 作主语，以及由合成代词 some (any，no，every) thing (body，one)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Each of the twenty guests was given a present.20 位
43、客人每人获赠一份礼品。注意：each 用于复数名词后作同位语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The students each carry an umbrella.(7)关系代词 who，that，which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。Those who want to go please sign your name here.想去的人请把名字签在这里。6数词、量词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)基数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语通常用单数形式，但当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词常用复数形式。Ten billion is a large number.10
44、0 亿是个大数字。(2)用作运算的数词作主语时，其谓语常用单数形式。Three plus (and) five is (makes，equals，gives) eight.三加五等于八。7用连接词连接的名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)用 and 或 both.and.连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。Lucy and Lily are twins.露茜和莉莉是孪生姐妹。Both chapter three and the last chapter are written by Professor Liu.第三章和最后一章是由刘教授写的。(2)以 or，either.or.，neith
45、er.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语的谓语动词形式，通常依据“就近原则” ，即人称和数的形式与最靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。You or he is wrong.不是你错了，就是他错了。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅那位老师喜欢踢足球，他的学生也喜欢。(3)当主语后面有 with，together with，like，except ，but ，no less than，as well as 等词时，谓语动词不受这些词的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.这个老师连同一些学生正在参观工厂。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我都想去划船。8从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语时的主谓一致(1)在“主系表”结构中，如果以 what 从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数。若动词不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。What caused the accident is a complete mystery.事故是由什么引起的完全是个谜。What
