1、Unit 3 Back to the past,基础自测,语法专题,内容索引,要点探究,当堂达标,Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage,基础自测,1._ adj.极度的；极端的_ adv.极其，非常 2._ vi.抱怨_ n.抱怨 3._ n.骨骼，骨头 4._ adj.木制的_ n.木材；木头 5._ n.皮革,.重点单词,extreme extremely complain complaint bone wooden wood leather,.重点短语,1._公布，发布；扑灭 2._以为例 3._注意 4._参加；参与 5._状态良好 6._
2、很有价值 7._达到，进入(某种状态),put out take.as an example pay attention to take part in in good condition be of great value come to,.重点句式,This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied，_. 这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。,1.as引导原因状语从句,as they are often very old,During these years I have
3、had the chance _ (explore) many different places in China and throughout the world. 在这些年期间，我有了探索中国和遍及世界许多不同地方的机会。,2.have the chance to do sth.,to explore,People either tried to flee _ stayed in their houses. 人们或者尽力逃跑或者待在家里。,3.either.or.,or,要点探究,On the World Heritage List put out by UNESCO，altogether
4、 there are about 900 World Heritage sites，which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations. 在联合国教科文组织公布的世界遗产目录中，一共有大约900处世界遗产遗址，这些遗址被认为对人类文明有着非凡的价值。,重点词汇,put out公布，发布；出版；熄灭，扑灭 put down放下，记下；镇压 put off推迟 put on穿上，戴上；演出 put aside把放一边；储存备用 put away把收起；放好；抛弃，放弃(想法等) put up举起；建立；张贴
5、；短期住宿 put together组合，放在一起,归纳拓展,(1)The government will put out a new statement tomorrow. 政府将于明天发布一项新声明。 (2)This magazine is put out every Friday. 这份杂志每周五出版。 (3)They quickly put out the fire. 他们迅速将火扑灭。 (4)The exam results will be put up on next Friday afternoon. 考试结果将在下周五下午被张贴。,语境助记,题组训练,(1)Were tryin
6、g to a few hundred dollars every month for our vacation. A.put off B.put down C.put out D.put aside,解析 句意为：我们正在尽量每月存几百美金以供度假之用。put aside储存(钱)备用，符合句意。put off推迟；put down写下，镇压；put out扑灭。故答案为D。,答案,解析,(2)Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can almost every word her teacher says. A.put out B.
7、put down C.put away D.put together,解析 句意为：玛丽的确擅长在课堂上记笔记，她几乎能记下老师说的每句话。put out熄灭；put down写下，记下；put away放好，储存；put together组合，放在一起。故选B项。,答案,解析,take.as an example以为例；以为榜样 for example例如 set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样 follow/copy ones example效仿某人，以某人为榜样,Take the ancient Roman city Pompeii as an example. 以古罗
8、马庞贝城为例。,归纳拓展,(1)If you take her as an example，one day you will become a great scholar. 如果你以她为榜样，总有一天你会成为博学之士。 (2)I must set an example to this young friend. 我一定要给这个小朋友做个榜样。 (3)Hes decided to follow his fathers example and study law. 他决定效仿其父学习法律。,语境助记,(1)我不会拿这个来作例子的。 I would not . (2)许多伟人从贫困中崛起，例如林肯。
9、 Many great men have risen from povertyLincoln， .,题组训练,take this as an example,for example,(3)I will show you how to hit the ball and then you must my example. A.copy B.listen C.set D.make,解析 表达“照某人的样子去做，效仿某人”，应用copy/follow ones example。,答案,解析,His devotion to the study of Loulan has made him a famou
10、s expert in this field. 他专心研究楼兰，这使他成为该领域的知名专家。,(1)devotion n.挚爱；忠诚；热心；献身 (2)devote vt.致力于；献身 devote sth.to (doing) sth.把时间(钱、精力等)献给某事物 devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于或致力于(做)某事 (3)devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的 be devoted to (doing) sth.致力于或献身于(做)某事,归纳拓展,(1)His devotion to his wife and family is touching. 他对妻
11、子和家人的关爱感人至深。 (2)After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research. 毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。 (3)He is devoted to the cause of peace. 他致力于和平事业。,语境助记,(1)用devote的适当形式填空 He is highly thought of because of his to duty. to his work，he seldom goes home.,题组训练,devotion,Devoted,(2)After she retired，she most
12、 of her time to housework and bringing up her grandchildren. A.spent B.took C.provided D.devoted,解析 考查动词词义辨析。根据题干中的介词to可知应选D。devote.to.把献给；spend常与介词on或in连用。,答案,解析,(1)complain vi.抱怨 complain (to sb.) about/of sth./that.(向某人)抱怨 (2)complaint n.抱怨；投诉 make a complaint against sb./about sth.对某人/事进行投诉，抱怨,O
13、ne complained that the room was not clean and that it was not very comfortable either. 有人抱怨说房间不干净而且也很不舒适。,归纳拓展,(1)She complained that no one had been at the airport to meet her. 她抱怨没有人去机场接她。 (2)He complained of his bad memory. 他抱怨自己记性不好。 (3)I am now writing to make a complaint about the service of y
14、our hotel. 我写此信意在投诉贵宾馆的服务。,语境助记,(1)用适当的介词填空 We received a lot of complaints customers the lack of parking facilities. Im going to complain the manager this.,题组训练,from,about,to,about/of,(2)Its no use without taking any action. A.complain B.complaining C.being complained D.to be complained,解析 句意为：只是抱怨
15、而不采取任何行动是没用的。根据固定句型“Its no use doing sth.(做某事没有意义)”可知选B。,答案,解析,What has the world come to when the past matters more than the present? 当过去的事情比现在的事情还重要时，这个世界会变成什么样呢？,come to达到(某一状况) come to sth.谈及，涉及；合计，共计；达到(某状况)，结果是 come to sb.(主意)被某人想出，在某人的脑海中浮现 come to oneself苏醒，恢复知觉 when it comes to (doing) sth.
16、当涉及(做)某事时,归纳拓展,(1)What will the world come to when all the animals die out some day? 当将来某一天所有动物都灭绝的时候，世界将会是什么样子？ (2)All his plans came to nothing. 他所有的计划都没有结果。 (3)The bill came to 30. 账单共计30美元。 (4)The idea came to him in his bath. 他洗澡时想出了这个主意。 (5)When it comes to politics，I have no interest. 谈及政治，我一
17、点兴趣都没有。,语境助记,(1)When it comes to in public，no one can match him. (2014江西，26) A.speak B.speaking C.being spoken D.be spoken,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：当提及在公共场所发言时，没有人能比得上他。when it comes to.当谈及/提及/涉及时；其中的to是介词，后面要接名词或者动名词作宾语，故排除A、D两项。 空格处指“演讲”，故不用被动形式，选B项。,题组训练,(2)Most of us know we should cut down on fat，b
18、ut knowing such things isnt of much help when it shopping and eating. (2016大丰区新丰中学高一期中) A.refers to B.speaks of C.focuses on D.comes to,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我们大多数人都知道我们应该减少脂肪的摄入，但是当购物和吃东西的时候，了解这些东西并没有多大帮助。refer to提到，查阅；speak of谈起，提到；focus on集中于；when it comes to (doing) sth.当涉及(做)某事时。根据题意选D。,经典句式,This means
19、that the things have to be carefully examined and studied，as they are often very old. 这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。,句中as引导原因状语从句，表示已知的、比较明显的原因，意为“由于，因为”，用作连词。常位于句首或句中，不能回答含why的疑问句，也不能在强调句中作为被强调的成分。 (1)as作连词，除引导原因状语从句外，还可引导以下几种状语从句。 方式状语从句，意为“像，按照的方式”； 时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边一边；当时”； 让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，必须使
20、用倒装，即把从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词的一部分提至as前。,归纳拓展,(2)as作介词，意为“作为；如同”。 (3)as作关系代词，引导定语从句。 (4)as作副词，接连接词as，意为“同样地”，否定句中也可用so代替as。,(1)As the weather was fine，we decided to go for a walk. 因为天气好，我们决定去散步。 (2)Every one of the students also put a finger in their mouths just as the teacher did. 就像老师那样，每个学生也把一个手指放在他们的嘴里。 (
21、3)As she grew older，she gained confidence. 随着年龄的增长，她的信心也增强了。,语境助记,(4)Happy as they were，there was something missing. 尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。 (5)The T-shirt I received is not the same as is shown online. 我收到的这件T恤衫和网页上展示的不一样。,(1)He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A.as B.if C.unless D
22、.though,题组训练,解析 考查状语从句的用法。 句意为：当玛丽为她醉酒的朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。as引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，意为“当的时候；随着，一边一边”。,答案,解析,(2)Coach，can I continue with the training? Sorry，you cant you havent recovered from the knee injury. A.until B.before C.as D.unless,解析 句意为：教练，我可以继续训练吗？抱歉，你不能，因为你膝盖的伤还没有恢复。分析题意可知前后两句有明显的因果关系，故选
23、as表原因。而until，before和unless都需后句用肯定才可与前句的you cant相符合。,答案,解析,People either tried to flee or stayed in their houses. 人们或者尽力逃跑或者待在家里。,(1)either.or.意为“或者或者；不是就是”，表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。本句中either.or.连接tried和stayed两个并列的谓语。 (2)either.or.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“就近原则”。 (3)若要对either.or.句型进行否定，只需
24、把either.or.换成neither.nor.即可。,归纳拓展,(1)When the girl is happy，she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。 (2)Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 (3)Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。,语境助记,(1)I think Tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly
25、 or his job. A.quits B.to quit C.quitting D.quit,题组训练,答案,解析,解析 either.or.连接两个并列成分，前后形式上要保持一致，由此与study相呼应，用动词原形，故答案选D。,(2)When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon? .Ill be in all day.(2014江西，32) A.Any B.None C.Neither D.Either,解析 句意为：我什么时候打电话过来，早晨还是下午？都可以，我一直都在。根据句意可知是在早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择。A、B两项通常都表示
26、三者或三者以上的情况； neither表示两者都不；either表两者中选择其一。故D项符合题意。,答案,解析,当堂达标,.单词拼写 1.He lives in a state of (极度的) poverty. 2.Many people (抱怨) that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful. 3.He almost choked to death on a fish yesterday. 4.After many experiments，he finally succeeded in finding the to the difficul
27、t problem. 5.There is a bridge over the river.,extreme,complain,bone,solution,wooden,.选词填空 in good condition；put out；take part in；come to；pay attention to 6.The fire was finally after the building had been on fire for two hours. 7.Generally speaking，those who physical exercise are in good health. 8.
28、How many countries the last Olympic Games? 9.The bill 10,000 dollars. 10.I dont care about the price，as long as the car is .,put out,pay attention to,took part in,came to,in good condition,.完成句子 11.我很荣幸有机会为你们演讲。 It is my honor . 12.由于太匆忙，他把这个包落在了家里。，he left this bag home. 13.你可以乘坐地铁也可以乘坐巴士去那儿。 You c
29、an go there .,to have the chance to speak to you,As he was in a hurry,either take the subway or take a bus,14.在那段糟糕的时期，我们没有食物吃，也无处藏身。 At that terrible period of time，we had and _ . 15.那时候，除了有关他自己的事，别的他什么也不关心。 He had concern for nothing except .,no food to eat,nowhere to,hide,what related to himself,
30、.单项填空 16.Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.(2016连云港东海县房山高级中学高一期中) A.stick to B.attend to C.contribute to D.devote to,解析 句意为：吃太多脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压。stick to坚持，遵守；attend to处理，照料；contribute to导致，有助于；devote to致力于。根据题意选C。,答案,解析,17.Either you or one of your students to attend th
31、e meeting that is due tomorrow. A.are B.is C.have D.be,解析 考查主谓一致的用法。either.or.连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。故本题谓语动词的单复数形式要与one of your students保持一致，应用单数形式。,答案,解析,18.In the meeting，voters expressed over continuing high unemployment and pressed the government into taking immediate action. (2016靖江高一阶段测试) A.sat
32、isfactions B.concerns C.complaints D.opinions,解析 句意为：在这次会议上，选民表达了对持续高失业率的担忧，并敦促政府立即采取行动。satisfaction满意；concern担心，忧虑；complaint抱怨；opinion观点，主张。根据题意选B。,答案,解析,19. it comes to traffic rules，I often come across such cases the local drivers obviously know them but wont follow them. A.If；why B.When；which C.
33、Once；as D.When；where,解析 句意为：说到交通规则，我经常遇到这种情况：当地司机显然知道这些规则，但是不愿意遵守。when it comes to sth.当提及到的时候；cases为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故第二空用关系副词where。,答案,解析,20.Hello，is Mr Smith in? Sorry，there is no such person you referred to in my office. (2016宝应高一期中) A.that B.as C.who D.whom,解析 句意为：你好，史密斯先生在吗？抱歉，在我们办公室里没有你说的这样一个人
34、。先行词person前有such修饰，故用as引导定语从句。故选B。,答案,解析,语法专题,用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.My English is poor.Im afraid that I cant make myself _ (understand). 2.The boy returned，with his nose (bleed). 3.Neither money nor food (have) been sent to the old man since two years ago. 4.Nobody but Tom and Jane (be) there last weekend.
35、,宾语补足语与主谓一致,understood,bleeding,has,was,5.Many a person (have) read the novel. 6.Whether we go to the party or not (depend) on the weather. 7.Dont let your son (play) computer games like this any more. 8.What he said (be) right. 9.The secretary and headmaster (be) speaking at the meeting now. 10.I t
36、hink you cant force your son (go) to see her.,has,depends,play,is,is,to go,一、宾语补足语 宾语补足语的语法功能是对宾语进行进一步的补充或说明，通常用于以下结构：动词宾语宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、分词(短语)、不定式(短语)、介词短语等均可在句子中充当宾语补足语。,1.名词作宾补 作宾补的名词主要用于说明宾语的身份、职位、用途等。常接名词作宾补的动词有name，call，choose，elect等。 He hasnt had anything invented but he calls himself an inv
37、entor. 他什么都没发明过，却自称发明家。 They named their child Tom. 他们给孩子取名汤姆。,2.形容词和副词作宾补 (1)形容词作宾补时主要用于表示宾语所处的状态或某一动作的结果，常接形容词作宾补的动词多为表示“认为，看待”等的动词如believe，prove，consider等。 The facts proved his imagination groundless. 事实证明他的想象是毫无根据的。 He beat the bad guy black and blue. 他把这个坏蛋打得青一块紫一块。,(2)某些副词可用于及物动词或介词with和withou
38、t后作宾补，作宾补的副词多用于表示动作或动作的方向等。 I went to her room only to find her out. 我去了她的房间，却发现她不在。 The woman walked along the river up and down with her head down. 那位女士低着头，沿着河岸踱来踱去。,3.分词(短语)作宾补 (1)现在分词(短语)作宾补通常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词with，without等之后；作宾补的现在分词(短语)一般表示主动与进行，即宾语是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者，且该动作正在进行。 I am so sorry to have
39、 kept you waiting so long. 不好意思让您久等了。 I found those students studying very hard. 我发现那些学生学习非常努力。,(2)过去分词(短语)作宾补也常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词with，without等之后；作宾补的过去分词(短语)通常表示被动或完成，即宾语是过去分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者，或该动作已完成。 The teacher wishes such questions discussed after class. 老师希望在课后讨论这样的问题。 She saw the thief caught by pol
40、icemen. 她看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。 With all the work finished，he accepted the invitation to play football. 由于所有作业都完成了，他接受了邀请去踢足球。,注意：作宾补的过去分词多来自及物动词，但也有少数来自不及物动词，不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，仅表示动作已完成，不表示被动。 They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 醒来时，他们发现所有的客人都走了。,4.动词不定式(短语)作宾补 动词不定式(短语)作宾补通常表示具体的动作。 (1)动词不定式(短语)作
41、宾补用于表示“愿望，喜好，要求，命令，请求”等的动词(hope，demand除外)及介词with之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之后。 She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她要我在她不在时接电话。 I prefer him not to come. 我宁愿他不来。,(2)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于let，make，have等使役动词(get除外)之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，且不定式符号to须去掉。 The teacher made his stu
42、dents finish homework at school. 那位老师让他的学生在学校完成家庭作业。 (3)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于see，hear，watch，notice，feel等感官动词后，此时不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常已经完成，且不定式符号to须去掉。 I heard someone knock at the door three times. 我听见有人敲了三次门。,(4)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于动词help后时，不定式符号to可省去。 Ill help you (to) clean the room. 我将帮你打扫房间。 (5)动词believe，declare，
43、find，imagine，judge，prove，report，think，deny，discover，feel，guess，know，suppose，understand等后的宾语补足语常为“to beadj./n./prep.n.”或“to have过去分词”的形式。 They all believe the story to be true. 他们都相信这个故事是真实的。 I judged him to have been a gambler. 我判断他曾是个赌徒。,(6)believe，consider，declare，find，imagine，judge，prove，report和t
44、hink等及物动词后的宾补为“to beadj./n./prep.n.”的一般式时，to be可以省略。 I thought him (to be) too old for the work. 我认为他太老了，不适合做那项工作。 I consider it (to be) unwise. 我认为此举是不明智的。,注意：分词(短语)与不定式(短语)作宾补的区别： 现在分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者；过去分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者；不带to的不定式(短语)作宾补表示一个已经完成的具体动作；带to的不定式(短语)作宾补往
45、往表示不定式(短语)所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。,用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.In the end，we found the girl (lock) in a dark room. 2.Just at that time，I saw an old woman (cross) the narrow street. 3.My mother asked me (buy) some meat for the meal. 4.Ive never heard the word (use) in spoken English. 5.It is foolish to cross the road without (look) both ways.,题组训练1,locked,crossing,to buy,used,looking,二、主谓一致 1.单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式 单复数同形的名词作主语时，如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。 This glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。 All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都试过了。,
