1、Unit 3 Back to the past,As is known to all，the Zhoukoudian Beijing Man Site is one of the most important world heritage (遗产) sites in China，which was discovered in the 1920s.At the site in the southwest suburb of Beijing， there is，for example，the earliest evidence of the use of fire by humans.It has
2、 also been proved that people lived there continuously between 500,000 and 10,000 years ago.,话题导入,However，Zhoukoudian is in serious danger now.Parts of the caves have been badly affected by rain and exposure to the air.Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds，causing serious damage.Pollutio
3、n from nearby factories has also contributed to the problem.The site is extremely expensive to preserve and it will cost between three and five million yuan to repair it.,Zhoukoudian is on the World Cultural Heritage List，organized by UNESCO，the United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Org
4、anization.The list is constantly checked.Any site which is seriously damaged or which is not properly protected is an endangered heritage，and UNESCO is very quick to do something about situations like this.They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired.If nothing is done to repair it，it
5、could be removed from the list.,This is a very serious matter and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is trying to raise public awareness about it. Dr Zhu Ming of the Academy said，“We have requested that the government get involved，but we also need assistance from ordinary people.They can help by contri
6、buting to the cost of repairing the caves.They are a precious part of our cultural heritageit is of great importance that we do something.If not，it will be a catastrophe.”,根据上文完成下列各题 1.What is the main idea of the second paragraph? _ 2.What have caused the damage of the site according to the passage
7、 ? _ 3.Where is the Chinese Academy of Sciences is seeking help from? _,Zhoukoudian is in danger.,Rain，exposure to the air，weeds and pollution from nearby factories.,From the government and the public.,基础自测,课文预读,内容索引,要点探究,当堂达标,Period One Welcome to the unit & Reading,基础自测,1._ n.文明 2._ n.讲座vi.讲演，讲课 3
8、._ vt.兴建，创建_ (过去式)_ (过去分词) 4._ vi.(火山等)爆发_ n.爆发,.重点单词,civilization lecturefound founded founded erupt eruption,5._ vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体) 6._ adj.不幸的，遗憾的 7._ vt.装饰，装潢 8._ vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开_ (过去式)_ (过去分词) 9._ n.灾难,pourunfortunate decorate flee fled fled disaster,10._ vt.毁坏，摧毁 11._ adj.商业的，贸易的 12._ adj.富有
9、的，富裕的_ n.财产，财富 13._ adv.渐渐地，逐渐地 14._ adj.文化的_ n.文化 15._ n.(教育或其他专业)机构，研究所,destroy commercial wealthy wealth gradually cultural culture institute,16._ n.废墟；毁坏vt.破坏，毁灭 17._ n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸_ v.保持不变，仍然是；剩余，遗留 18._ prep.在之下 19._ n.材料；物质adj.物质的 20._ vi.爆炸_ n.爆炸,ruinremains remain beneath materialexplode explos
10、ion,.重点短语,1._作为而出名 2._夺取；接管 3._倒出；涌出；吐出，尽情诉说 4._造成破坏 5._用装饰 6._结果是，证明是,be known as take over pour out cause/do damage decorate.with. turn out,7._未能做某事 8._损坏；崩溃；瓦解；出故障 9._与；和一同，连同 10._砍伐；削减；砍倒,fail to do sth. break down together withcut down,_ over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. 人们相信，它是在公元200年至
11、公元400年间被沙尘暴逐渐吞没的。,It is believed to have been gradually covered,.重点句式,_ a volcano. 离该城不远处有一座火山。,1.介、副词短语位于句首引起的倒装,Near the city was,2.Sb./Sth.be believed to do.,课文预读,.课文阅读理解 1.From the lecture Ann knew a lot about Pompeii EXCEPT that . A.when Pompeii was founded B.when Pompeii was taken over by the
12、Romans C.when Pompeii was buried D.when Pompeii was discovered,答案,1,2,3,4,5,2. discovered Pompeii. A.A farmer B.An archaeologist C.A visitor D.Sven Hedin,1,2,3,4,5,答案,3.What is NOT true about Loulan? A.It was on the famous Silk Road. B.It was a wealthy commercial city. C.It disappeared suddenly. D.I
13、t was discovered by Sven Hedin.,1,2,3,4,5,答案,4.From the passage we know . A.both Pompeii and Loulan existed at the same time in history B.both Pompeii and Loulan were destroyed for the same reason C.both Pompeii and Loulan were once a rich city D.both Pompeii and Loulan were discovered by a foreigne
14、r,1,2,3,4,5,答案,5.The purpose of writing this passage is . A.to show how happy the writer was to have such a chance to visit the sites B.to arouse peoples sense of protecting civilizations C.to compare the civilizations of Pompeii and Loulan D.to tell us how Pompeii and Loulan were destroyed,1,2,3,4,
15、5,答案,.课文阅读填空 A.,lucky,lecture,ancient,discovery,B.,8th,over,erupted,commercial,sandstorms,discovered,要点探究,The city was founded in the 8th century BC. 这座城市建立于公元前8世纪。,重点词汇,(1)found vt.兴建，创建，创办 be founded on/upon建立在之上；以为依据 (2)foundation n.基础；地基,归纳拓展,(1)The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.
16、 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。 (2)The castle is founded on solid rock. 这座城堡建在坚固的岩石上。 (3)This story is founded on/upon facts. 这个故事是有事实依据的。,语境助记,(1)Sun Yat-sen the first Republic in China in 1911 after he fought for the Chinese people for many years.A.found B.founded C.had founded D.founding,题组训练,解析 句意为：孙中山在为中国人民斗
17、争了多年之后在1911年建立了中国第一个共和国。根据句子中的时间状语in 1911，可知本句是在描述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。,答案,解析,(2) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A.To found B.Founding C.Founded D.Having founded,解析 句意为：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。the school与found之间构成被动关系，故应用过去分词表被动，故选C。,答案,解析,In 89 BC，
18、the Romans took over Pompeii. 公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝城。,take over夺取；接管 take on从事(某项工作)；雇用；呈现(面貌) take up占据；从事(某项活动)，发展(某种爱好) take off起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功；(事业等)腾飞 take in吸收；欺骗；理解 take out拿出，掏出；把带出去 take down记录下来；拆除 take to养成的习惯；喜欢上；适应,归纳拓展,(1)Was it in 1948 that the government of Great Britain took over the rai
19、lways? 英国政府是在1948年接管铁路的吗？ (2)My time is fully taken up with writing. 我把时间全都用在了写作上。 (3)The plane took off on time. 飞机准时起飞了。 (4)He hadnt taken to his new school. 他还没有适应他的新学校。,语境助记,(1)用take相关短语的适当形式填空 He his hat and bowed politely as she passed. I oil painting in my spare time. The company by Sony in 1
20、989. His face a worried look.,题组训练,took off,take up,was taken over,took on,(2)Its certain that their only child will the big business when the couple get old.(2016江阴市四校高一期中) A.hand over B.take over C.go over D.get over,解析 句意为：他们唯一的孩子会在这对夫妇年老时接管大生意，这是肯定的。hand over移交，交出；take over夺取，接管；go over仔细检查，从头到尾
21、温习；get over翻越，克服(困难)，从(疾病、损失中)恢复过来。根据题意选B。,答案,解析,(3)When did you staying up so late? When I entered this school two years ago，where students have too much homework to do.(2017启东中学高一月考) A.take in B.take on C.take over D.take to,解析 句意为：什么时候你养成了熬夜的习惯？当我两年前进入这所学校时，这里的学生们有太多的作业要做。take in吸收，欺骗，理解；take on从
22、事(某项工作)，雇用，呈现(面貌)；take over夺取，接管；take to 养成的习惯，喜欢上，适应。根据题意选D。,答案,解析,I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings. 我看见了好几所装饰有壁画的房子。,(1)decorate vt.装饰，装潢 decorate.with.用装饰 (2)decoration n.装饰；装饰品,归纳拓展,(1)They decorated the room with flowers and balloons. 他们用花和气球装饰了房间。 (2)We put Christm
23、as decorations on the tree. 我们把圣诞饰物挂在树上。,语境助记,(1)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading，only to be told that it .(2017南菁高级中学高一检测) A.was decorated B.had decorated C.had been decorating D.was being decorated,题组训练,答案,解析,解析 考查时态和语态的用法。句意为：放学后我们去阅览室阅读，却被告知阅览室正在装修。the reading-room与dec
24、orate之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；由句意可知，应该用过去进行时的被动语态。,(2)The wedding is near，so Linda is occupied with the work of her new house now. A.repairing B.mending C.decorating D.selling,解析 句意为：婚期将近，因此琳达现在正忙于布置新房。repair/mend修理，修补；decorate装饰，布置；sell卖。结合句意可知C项正确。,答案,解析,It turns out that after the ash covered the people wh
25、o failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash. 原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。,turn out结果是，证明是；生产 turn on打开 turn off关掉 turn over移交；(使)翻转 turn down关小；调低；拒绝 turn up到来；露面；被发现，被找到 turn in上交；上缴 turn into (使)变成，转变为,归纳拓展1,
26、(1)The rumor turned out to be true. 传闻后来证明是真的。 (2)If the day turns out wet，we may have to change our plans. 万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。 (3)Turn on the light.Its too dark to see. 把灯打开。太暗了，看不见。,语境助记1,题组训练1,选词填空 turn into；turn over；turn up；turn off；turn out (1)When the sports hero at our party，he was welcomed wi
27、th open arms. (2)I would，indeed， the evidence to the police. (3)New technologies have made it possible to new products faster and at a lower cost. (4)Dont the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems. (5)If nothing is done，the oceans will fish deserts.,turned up,over,turn,turn
28、 out,turn off,turn into,flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 flee (from).(从)逃跑 flee to/into.逃往，逃到 flee for ones life逃命 flee to safety逃到安全的地方,归纳拓展2,(1)The enemy had fled (from) the village when our men arrived. 我们的人到达时，敌人已逃离村子了。 (2)The child fled to his mother for safety. 小孩逃向他的妈妈以寻求安全。 (3)As the volcano erupted，
29、the villagers fled for their lives. 当火山爆发时，村民们赶紧逃命。,语境助记2,题组训练2,(1)All the teachers and students managed to the shaking teaching building when the earthquake happened. A.flee B.pour C.slide D.slip,答案,解析,解析 句意为：地震发生时所有老师和学生都设法逃出了晃动的教学楼。flee逃离，符合语境，故选A。pour倾倒；slide滑行；slip滑跤。,(2)He the cave before the
30、police arrived，but he failed. A.managed to flee away from B.tried fleeing out of C.managed fleeing D.tried to flee,解析 句意为：他试图在警察到达之前逃离山洞，但他失败了。flee (from) sp.逃离某地；manage to do sth.设法做成了某事；try to do sth.努力做某事，未必成功。根据后面but he failed可知没有成功，故选D。,答案,解析,break down分解；发生故障；身体垮掉；汽车抛锚；失败，瓦解 break up破裂，解散；破碎 b
31、reak in闯进；打断 break into闯入；侵占 break out爆发 break through突破；冲破；有重要发现,归纳拓展3,(1)Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances. 体内的化学成分把我们吃的食物分解为有用的物质。 (2)The washing machine seems to have broken down again. 洗衣机好像又发生故障了。 (3)Its very impolite of you to break in while were talking. 你打断我们的
32、谈话是很不礼貌的。 (4)The thief broke into the house during the night. 小偷在夜间破门进入住宅。,语境助记3,题组训练3,(1)写出下列句子中break down的汉语意思 His health broke down. _ Our truck broke down. _ The plan broke down. _,身体垮掉,抛锚,失败,(2)What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to our wastes.(2016扬州中学高一月考)
33、A.break down B.take down C.put down D.write down,解析 句意为：众所周知，土壤里的细菌能够帮助分解我们的废弃物。break down分解，发生故障，身体垮掉，汽车抛锚，失败，瓦解；take down记下，拆除；put down放下，镇压；write down写下，记下。根据题意可知选A。,答案,解析,(3)Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have . So am I.They seemed very happy together when I last saw them. A.broken up B.
34、finished up C.divided up D.closed up,解析 break up关系破裂；finish up吃完，喝完，用尽(所剩之物)；divide up分担，分配，分享；close up(伤口)愈合，堵塞。由句意知A项符合语境。,答案,解析,A scholar from the local cultural institute，Professor Zhang，told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom
35、. 当地文化研究所的学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，欧洲探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。,ruin n.废墟，遗迹(常用作复数形式)；毁坏；vt.毁灭，使破产 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 bring.to ruin使毁灭；使没落 fall in/into ruin灭亡；荒废 ruin ones hope(s)/health/fame使某人的希望破灭；毁坏某人的健康/名誉,归纳拓展,(1)After the earthquake，we can see the ruins of the village. 地震后我们可以看到这个村子成了一片废墟。 (2)The heavy rai
36、n ruined our holiday. 大雨把我们的假期彻底搞砸了。 (3)Years of fighting has left the area in ruins. 几年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。,语境助记,ruin，damage，destroy 三个词都有“毁灭，破坏”之意，但它们的含义不同。 (1)ruin指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。 (2)damage指程度较小的“破坏，损坏”，强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等。一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。 (3)destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复
37、的“破坏，毁坏”，程度较深，强调“毁坏”的力度和彻底性；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。,易混辨析,(1)用ruin，damage，destroy的适当形式填空 An earthquake sometimes can the whole city. The car was only slightly when it hit the wall. The fact that he had been in prison his chances for public office.,题组训练,destroy/ruin,damaged,ruined,(2)“If you go on
38、 stealing，you will your bright future，young man！” said the judge.(2016射阳二中高一月考) A.destroy B.damage C.ruin D.break,解析 句意为：法官说：“如果你继续偷窃，你会毁了你光明的前途，年轻人！”destroy严重损坏；damage部分性损坏；ruin损坏某种好的或有用的东西；break弄坏。此处指使人的前途破灭，故用ruin。故选C。,答案,解析,Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand，together wit
39、h a lot of treasures，including coins，painted pots，material such as silk，documents and wall paintings. 斯文发现了那深埋于沙下的古建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶，像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。,(1)remains n.pl.古代遗物，古迹，遗址；剩余物，残留物；剩饭菜 (2)remain vi.留下，剩下，残留(不用进行时，无被动)；保持，仍然，继续 remain形容词/名词/分词/介词短语 保持/仍然 remain to be done有待于被做 It remains to
40、be seen whether.尚待分晓；还不确定。 (3)remaining adj.剩下的，余下的,归纳拓展,(1)She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog. 她把剩下的午饭喂狗了。 (2)He remained silent. 他保持沉默。 (3)I went to the city，but my brother remained at home. 我进了城，但是我弟弟待在家里。 (4)It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正确，尚待分晓。 (5)The remaining stude
41、nts will serve the audience. 剩下的学生将为观众们服务。,语境助记,(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空 We were shocked at the (remain) of the ancient Rome. James，are you busy today? Yes.A lot of work remains (do) right away.,题组训练,remains,to be done,(2)With several problems to be solved，we still need to hold another meeting as soon as pos
42、sible.(2017射阳二中高一学情调研) A.remained B.remaining C.remain D.to remain,解析 句意为：还有几个剩下的问题要解决，我们仍需尽快地召开一次会议。with的复合结构中，several problems和remain之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，选B。,答案,解析,(3)The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building now. A.remains B.is remained C.is remai
43、ning D.has been remained,解析 句意为：这座宫殿在上个世纪发生过三次火灾，其最初的建筑现在所剩无几。remain为系动词，没有被动语态，排除B、D两项； remain一般不用于进行时态，故选A项。,答案,解析,经典句式,Near the city was a volcano. 离该城不远处有一座火山。,此句为完全倒装句。当句首为表示地点的副词或介词短语，主语是名词而不是代词，且谓语动词是be，stand，sit，lie，live，come等动词时，为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，常使用完全倒装结构。,归纳拓展,(1)Here is the book you wan
44、t. 你要的书在这儿。 (2)On the desk were some flowers. 桌上放着一些鲜花。 (3)In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。 (4)Beyond the river lives an old fisherman. 有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。,语境助记,(1)John opened the door.There he had never seen before. A.a girl did stand B.a girl stood C.did
45、a girl stand D.stood a girl,题组训练,解析 句意为：约翰打开门，一个他以前从来没有见过的女孩站在那里。以here，there，up，down等副词开头且主语为名词的句子通常用全部倒装语序，即把谓语动词提到主语的前面。,答案,解析,(2)In front of our house we used to swim.(2016江阴四校高一期中) A.a river lies that B.does a river lie where C.lies a river which D.lies a river where,解析 句意为：我们家前面有一条河，过去我们常常在那儿游泳
46、。in front of our house是介词短语，介词短语放在句首时，句子要完全倒装，排除A、B两项； 后面是定语从句，a river是先行词，定语从句we used to swim中缺少地点状语，要用where引导。所以选D。,答案,解析,It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. 人们相信，它是在公元200年至公元400年间被沙尘暴逐渐吞没的。,句中it指代Loulan City。Sb./Sth.is believed to do.是个固定句型，根据动词不定式与believed动作之间的时间关系来确定使用不定式的一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)还是完成式(to have done)。这种结构常可转换为It is believed that.，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，且that不能省略，意为“人们相信”。 类似的结构还有： It is said that.据说 It is announced that.据宣布,
