1、 阅读理解(2018合肥高三质检)Cycling is well known to improve individual health and fitness; it also benefits the wider population in terms of economy, transport and environment. The EU promotes cycling via many measures primarily to achieve sustainable(可持续的) clean and energyefficient transport systems. However
2、, despite the fact that the benefits outweigh the risks by 201, many consider the risks too great and that the fear of danger on the road needs to be handled. Cycle lanes(车道) have been used to improve cyclists safety and encourage more cyclists onto the road. This research in transport aims to study
3、 the effect of cycle lanes on cyclists safety where passing space given by overtaking(超车) vehicles is concerned.In this study, the authors used a bicycle equipped with cameras to record vehicle overtaking in varying road situations to determine whether cycle lanes, color block cycle lanes or no cycl
4、e lanes affect passing distances and cyclists safety. Their 3 comparisons measuring vehicle passing widths found greater overall distances given with a cycle lane than without. Color block vs. uncolored cycle lanes showed little or no difference, as did no cycle lanes vs. color block cycle lanes. Co
5、lor block lanes had a slight negative effect suggesting that drivers are more careful when cycle lanes have less definition(清晰度) Interestingly, the authors conclude that other factors have a far greater effect on cyclistssafety than presence or absence of cycle lanes. Road width, parking, opposite v
6、ehicle flow and speed were key influences on decreased passing widths. The authors also note that driver behaviour is a hugely important factor and urge more research in this area. “In order to reduce risks and encourage more cycling, reducing and calming the existing motorised traffic must be explo
7、red first.” They suggest, “Lane width is the most significant variable(变量) to achieve a sufficient vehicle passing distance. The narrow cycle lanes (2m) may be not enough. Reconsideration of the entire road design and further exploration of driver behavioural factors are required.”【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了为了实现
8、可持续的清洁和节能的交通系统，欧盟大力推广使用自行车，并指出在自行车的推广过程中要解决安全的问题。1What is the main purpose of the EUs promoting cycling?ATo reduce air pollution.BTo build better transport systems.CTo improve peoples health.DTo help people save money on transport.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，欧盟通过多种途径推广使用自行车主要是为了建立可持续的清洁和节能的交通系统，故 B 项正确。2A
9、ccording to the study, color block lanes may_Amake drivers a bit carelessBcause no overtakingCget cyclists to feel saferDlead to greater passing distancesA 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，彩色车道有轻微的负面效应，当自行车车道清晰度较低时驾驶员要更小心。据此可以判断，彩色车道会使驾驶员变得粗心，故 A 项正确。3In the researchers eyes, the first step to encourage more cy
10、cling is to_Aredesign and rebuild the roads in a cityBdo more research in public bicycle programsCrestrict the number of vehicles running on the roadDmake strict traffic rules to control driver behaviourC 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “In order to reduce risks and encourage more cycling, reducing and calming the
11、 existing motorised traffic must be explored first.”可知，为了降低风险，鼓励更多地使用自行车，首先要减少现有的机动车辆，即控制路上的机动车的数量，故 C 项正确。4The authors of the research think that driver behaviour_Aneeds further explorationBis an unimportant factorCmakes cycle lanes narrowerDis the most significant variableA 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的 “Recons
12、ideration of the entire road design and further exploration of driver behavioural factors are required.”可知，需要对驾驶员的行为因素做进一步探索，故 A 项正确。七选五(2018山西八校联考)Selfconfident people face their fears headon and they know that no matter what obstacles come their way，they have the ability to get past them.Wouldnt i
13、t be amazing to have this kind of selfconfidence？Guess what ？You can.1._Stay away from negativity.2_ This is a tough one，but its time to seriously consider getting away from those individuals who put you down and shred your confidence.Even a temporary break from Debbie Downer can make a huge differe
14、nce and help you move toward more selfconfidence.Be positive.Put some positive enthusiasm into your interactions with others and hit the ground running，excited to begin your next project. 3._ Instead，begin to focus on solutions and making positive changes.Dont accept failure.Never give up.Never acce
15、pt failure and get rid of the negative voices in your head.There is a solution to everything.4._ Make this your new mantra(真言)Succeeding in a difficult or unpleasant situation is a huge confidence booster(激励)5_Learn everything there is to know about your field，job，presentationwhatever is next on you
16、r“to conquer”list.If you are prepared，and have the knowledge to back it up，your selfconfidence will rise very quickly.ABe prepared.BCreate a great list.CGet out of your comfort zone.DStop focusing on the problems in your life.ETherefore ， why would you want to stop trying?FHere s how you can learn t
17、o be confident of all you do.GEvaluate your inner circle，including friends and family.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高自信的一些方法。1F 解析：根据空前的“Wouldnt it be amazing to have this kind of selfconfidence？Guess what？ You can.”及下文罗列的内容可知，此处需填一个承上启下的句子，故 F 项“ 这是你可以学会对你所做的所有事情感到自信的方法。 ”符合语境。2. G 解析：根据小标题“Stay away fro
18、m negativity.”以及 G 项中的“friends and family”与空后句子中的“those individuals”的对应关系可知，G 项符合语境。3D 解析：根据小标题“Be positive.”及空后的“Instead ，begin to focus on solutions and making positive changes.”可知，空处所填内容与其后面的内容之间存在转折关系，故D 项“不要再关注你生活中的问题。 ”符合语境。4E 解析：根据空前的“Never give up.Never accept failure and get rid of the nega
19、tive voices in your head.There is a solution to everything.”可知，空处所填内容与上文存在因果关系，故 E 项“因此，你为什么想要放弃努力呢？”符合语境。5A 解析：根据最后一段中的内容尤其是 “If you are prepared，and have the knowledge to back it up.”可知，本段介绍的提高自信的方法是要做好准备，故 A 项符合语境。语法填空Helping a person forget something is rarely easy, especially if the “something”
20、 is hurtful or negative. Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and 1._(hope) with time going by, the person wont be able to remember 2._ he is supposed to forget.Remove all the items that may bring back the memory. Any small objects can jog his memory, so carefully replace any photos
21、, diaries or any other 3._(person) objects or presents with new items.Change the subject whenever your friend brings it up. Dont do this in 4._ obvious way because this is annoying, but do it without his awareness of your 5._(intend). Tell some 6._(amuse) stories or talk about important and happy ev
22、ents in your friends life such as a new nephew or a work promotion.Occupy him with 7._(activity) and appointments. Keeping him too busy 8._(think) about the past helps him see a positive light. Create a full schedule and introduce new things and experiences, such as a cooking class, which require co
23、ncentration.Be patient and allow time to get over things. It will be often a long time 9._your friend fully removes that memory, so dont be 10._(disappoint) if it doesnt happen immediately.【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了帮助他人忘掉不快乐的记忆的四条建议。1hopefully 解析：考查副词。空处修饰后面的整个句子，故用副词形式。2what 解析：考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作动
24、词 forget 的宾语，故用 what 引导该宾语从句，表示随着时间流逝，这个人就不会记得他应当忘记的事情了。3personal 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词 objects，故用形容词形式。句意：任何小物件都能唤起记忆，所以小心地用新物品替换任何照片、日记或其他个人的物品或礼物。4an 解析：考查冠词。不要以一种明显的方式做这件事，因为这很烦人。该处表示“一种明显的方式” ，表示泛指，故用不定冠词；obvious 的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。5intention 解析：考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词 your 可知，该处用名词形式。句意：不要以明显的方式来做这件事情，因为这很烦
25、人，但要在他(朋友) 没有意识到你的意图的情况下做这件事情。6amusing 解析：考查形容词。根据空后的名词 stories 可知，空处修饰该名词，故用形容词形式 amusing。句意：讲一些有趣的故事，或者谈谈你朋友的生活中重要和快乐的事情，比如刚出生的侄子或者工作晋升。7activities 解析：考查名词复数。根据该句中的 “and appointments”可知，空处与此并列，应用名词的复数形式。句意：使他忙于活动和约会。8to think 解析：考查固定搭配。too.to. 为固定搭配，意为“太而不能” 。句意：让他忙得无法想起往事，这有助于让他看到积极之光。9before 解析：
26、考查连词。句意：通常很长的一段时间之后，你的朋友才会完全忘掉这段记忆，所以如果他没有马上忘掉这段记忆，你不要失望。It will be一段时间before.表示 “多久之后才 ”，故用连词 before。10disappointed 解析：考查形容词。空处所在句为祈使句，系动词 be 后接形容词，且修饰人，故用 disappointed。短文改错(2018山师大附中模拟)Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays a
27、nd the plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems was to encour
28、age people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.答案：Jinan is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel on the roads. This heavy seri
29、ouslyserious muchmanytraffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have the traffic problems and Beijing is the one. One of the why there is so much traffic is worseworst reasonreasonsonly a small number of people use public transportation.becausethatIn my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use wasis public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of cars. drivedrivingMeanwhile, the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to themittravel by bus.
