1、Unit3 Computers-语法篇 通过本节课的学习掌握现在完成时的被动语态的用法。 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 一现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式 1. 肯定式：主语have/has been done. 如： The first subway to cross the Yangtze River has been started. 第一条横穿长江的地铁已经开工。 2. 否定式：主语have/has not been done. 如： When and where to have our holiday hasnt been decided yet. 我们还没决定何时去何地度
2、假。 3. 一般疑问式：Have/Has主语been done?如： Has the construction of the underwater tunnel been finished? 水下隧道的建造已完工了吗？ 4. 特殊疑问式：疑问词have/has(主语)been done?如： What parts of Gansu Province have been hit by strong winds and heavy snowfall in the past two days? 在刚过去的两天里，甘肃省的什么地方受到大风和大雪侵袭？ 温馨提示： (1)since then/since
3、从句，in/during the past/last一段时间，so far, by now, up to now, recently, lately, already, yet 等常用于现在完成时中。 (2)ever, never, already, yet 等副词用于现在完成时的被动语态中常放在 has 或 have 之后。 二现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法和注意事项 1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂动词时，可与 already 或 yet 连用， 但不能与 for 或 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。如： Im sorry，but the letters
4、havent been typed yet. 很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是现在还拿不到这些信件) The work has already been finished. 工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了) 4.非延续性动词在现在完成时的被动语态中的运用。 非延续性动词，如 borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join 等构成的现在完成时的被动 语态不能与 for 或 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可与 already 或 yet 连用。如： No books have been bought si
5、nce last week.自上周以来，没有人来买过书。 误：How long has this book been bought? 正：How long ago was this book bought? 这本书买了多久了？ 温馨提示： 这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程， 具有持续性， 因而可与 since 或 for 构成的时间状语连用。 如： The book has not been borrowed since last month.自上个月以来这本书就没有被借过。 5.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体， 在被动结构中要保持完整， 不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。 如： No new
6、s has been heard about him since he left his hometown. 自从他离开家乡，就没有关于他的任何消息传来。 例 1. (2014 甘肃天水期中)In the last few years, thousands of films _all over the world. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 解析：in the last few years 用于现在完成时,因为它是指时间从过去延续到现在.又因为谓语的动作不 是主语发
7、出的,故要用被动语态,have been made 是对的.直译过来是： 在过去的几年里数千部电影在全 世界被制作.即：全世界在过去几年里制作了数千部电影。综合可知本题答案。 答案：B 例 2. (2014 湖南长沙月考) The boys followed the marks that they_, until finally they found their way back to the campsite. A. left B. have left C. had left D. have been left 解析： 由语境可知本句所表达句意： 这些男孩沿着他们留下的记号， 直到最后找到了
8、返回营地的路。 留下的记号的动作发生在 follow 之前应该用过去完成时。由此可知本题答案。 答案：C 例 3. (2015天津)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 解析：句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语 so far “到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语 agreement 与 reach 为
9、被动关系，根据句意可知本题答案。 答案：A 例 4. (2014 天津高考) We wont start the work until all the preparations _. A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made 解析：通常说来。在时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，前面的主句中使用将来时。在高 中英语中也使用现在完成时代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。句义：直到所有的 准备工作都做好以后，我们才开始工作。由语境可知 preparations 与动词 make 之间是动宾
10、关系，所 以综合可知要用现在完成时的被动。 答案：C 例 5.( 2014 年甘肃庆阳期末) If nothing _, the ocean will turn into fish deserts. A. does B. is done C. had been done D. will do 解析：句意：如果不做点什么的话，海洋会变成鱼的沙漠。本题考查被动语态。nothing 不能发生 do 的动作，所以要用被动语态，根据条件句的主将从现，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。综 合可知要用一般现在时的被动语态。 答案：B 基础演练基础演练 一把下列句子变为被动语态(每空一词) 1. We ha
11、ve completed all the preparations for the task, and were ready to start. All the preparations for the task_ _ _by us and were ready to start. 2. This company has produced a new type of computer recently. A new type of computer_ _ _by this company recently. 3. They have interviewed several teachers f
12、or the job. Several teachers for the job _ _ _by them. 4. George has sent some text and pictures to his friends cellphone. Some text and pictures_ _ _to his friends cellphone by George. 5. They have developed some programmes for the human resource department of their company. Some programmes_ _ _by
13、them for the human resource department of their company. Keys: 1.have been completed 2. has been produced 3. have been interviewed 4.have been developed 5. have been sent 巩巩固提高固提高 一单项选择。 ( )1. Do you know the thief _ by the police? A. has caught B. has been catching C. will catch D. has been caught
14、( )2.How many times_ not to play with fire? Im sorry. Ill never do that again. A. do you tell B. had you told C. are you told D. have you been told ( )3. - - Whats happening in the new area? - - New houses_ recently over there. A. are built B. built C. have built D. have been built ( )4. There is a
15、police car in front of our neighbors house. What do you suppose _? A. did happen B. has happened C. is happen D. has been happened ( )5. All the preparations for the project _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. had been completed C. complete D. have been completed Keys:1- 5 DDDBD 二用所给词的适当形式填空
16、 1. More than 5,000 used bikes_(collect)since the two brothers set up the organization. 2. Since the cause of this disease_(discover),now we need to develop the medicine to treat it. 3. Over the past ten years，this town_(hit)twice by earthquakes. 4.Will the lecture be held at 4 oclock this afternoon
17、? No. It_(put) off till tomorrow afternoon. 5. Her novel is very popular among people of all ages; so far it_(translate) into 25 languages. Keys: 1.have been collected 2.has been discovered 3.has been hit 4.has been put 5.has been translated 一用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The plan_(study)by the experts for three t
18、imes now. 2. I like these English songs and they_ (teach) many times on the radio. 3. Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we all feel the topic_(change) 4. How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? Well, the media _(cover) it in a variety of forms. 5. Your Eng
19、lish is very good. Im still nervous. After all, it is only the second time that I _(meet) foreign guests. 6. If the paper _(finish), please hand it in. 7. I dont believe youve already finished reading the bookI _(lend) it to you this morning! 8. Youve failed to do what you_(expect) to and Im afraid
20、the teacher will blame you. 9. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _(promise) before leaving their hometowns. 10. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances_(discover) in the past years. Keys: 1.has been studied 2.have been taught 3.has
21、been changed 4.have covered 5.have met 6.has been finished 7.lent 8.were expected 9 have been promised 10.have been discovered 二单项选择。 ( )1. Great changes _ in the city , and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; ha
22、ve set up D. were taken place; were set up ( )2. - - How long _ at this job? - - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed ( )3. When and where to go for the on- salary holiday _yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is n
23、ot being decided D. has not been decided ( )4. This is a photo of the power station that _ in my hometown . A. has set up B. has been set up C. will set up D. is set up ( )5. - - Did you move into the new house? - - No. The rooms _ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. ha
24、ve not been painted Keys:1- 5 BBDBD _ _ 一单项选择。 ( )1. The subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee. A. is announced B. have been announced C. are announced D. has been announced ( )2. I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room. A. was B. had C. had been D. is ( )3.The g
25、oods _when we arrived at the airport. A. were just unloading B. were just been unloading C. had just unloaded D. were just being unloaded ( )4. The house _ my parents A. is belong to B. belong to C. belongs to D. is belonged to ( )5. Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for prev
26、enting them _taken in the past. A. was not B. were not C. were not being D. had not been ( )6. You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour. A. I smell B. it is smelt C. it smells D. it is smelling ( )7. My brother and I have _her birthday party. A. been invited B. been invited for
27、C. invited to D. been invited to ( )8. He was here for a little while, but I dont knows where she _now. A. is B. was C. had been D. has been ( )9. Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _ photographically in March 1930. A. discovered B. was discovered C. by discovery D. when discovered ( )
28、10. Great changes _ in our province. Many tall buildings _. A have been taken place, have been set up B. have taken place, have been set up C. have been taken place, have been set up D. were taken place, were set up Keys:1- 5DCDCB 6- 10CDABB 二阅读理解。 The average American child spends three to five hou
29、rs a day watching TV. In 1961, the average child began to watch television at age three; however, today it is nine months. Yet, most parents think that television has bad influence on their children. For example, in the early 1970s, my parents believed that my bad eyesight was the result of sitting
30、too close to the screen, and they therefore made my stay at least six feet from it. Today, most people have no such worry, but many new ridiculous(荒谬的) sayings have appeared: *TV makes kids stupid. Many children watch more educational programmes when they are pre- schoolers. When they grow up, they
31、can read more books and have much better ideas to solve difficult problems than other children. *TV makes kids violent. The real story is not so simple. Hundreds of studies show that watching violence on TV makes children more aggressive (好斗的).But a study of over 5,000 children also finds that some
32、positive programmes make children kinder. The problem is that kids are increasingly watching shows with violence instead of those suitable for their age. *Sitting around watching TV makes kids overweight. An experiment finds that when children watch less television, they do lose extra weight; howeve
33、r, reducing their television time does not make them more active. The real problem lies in snacking (吃零食),a widespread habit for kids, and junk food advertisements. *TV helps kids get to sleep. The opposite is true. The more television children watch, the more likely they are to have irregular sleep
34、 and nap(小睡) patterns. Allowing kids to watch television is part of the problem, not the solution. ( )1. Which one is the advantage of educational TV programmes? A. They will make children solve difficult problems better than others. B. They will improve childrens ability to get along with others. C
35、. They are likely to make children more aggressive. D. They will make sure of childrens success in the future. ( )2. Why are children spending much time watching TV likely to be fat? A. Watching TV makes children lazy and inactive. B. Children are attracted by the food advertisements on TV. C. Watch
36、ing TV doesnt burn up as much fat as doing sports. D. Children like to snack while watching TV. ( )3. What influence does watching TV have on a childs sleep? A. Children are likely to sleep deeper after watching TV. B. Childrens sleep time will be greatly reduced. C. It will make children form a bad
37、 habit of sleeping. D. It will make children sleep easier. ( )4. What is the purpose of this text? A. To increase peoples knowledge of watching TV. B. To warn parents of the disadvantages of watching TV. C. To explain the bad influences that watching TV has on children. D. To correct parents wrong i
38、deas of televisions effect on children. Keys: ADCD 三书面表达 假设你是李明，想申请到一家外资企业工作，你需要用英文给人事部经理写一封 100 词左右的 信，介绍自己的基本情况，简介信包括写信目的及下表所列内容： 姓 名：李 明 出生年月：1985 年 8 月 出 生 地：广东省增城市 学 历：19982004 增城中学 20042008 中山大学计算机系 2008现在 在一家计算机公司工作 所学主要课程：计算机科学、中文、数学、英语、体育 爱好、特长及获奖情况 (内容由考生自由发挥) 要求：要符合书信格式。 参考词汇：系 department
39、 中山大学 Sun Yat- sen University 申请 apply for Dear Manager, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Yours truly, Li Ming Key: One possible version： Dear Manager, I am writing to you in order to apply for a position in your company. My name is Li Ming and I was born in Zengcheng City of Guangdong Province in August, 1985.After
40、 graduating from Zengcheng Middle School in 2004, I studied in the Computer Department of Sun Yat- sen University for four years. I mainly studied computer science, Chinese, maths, English, PE, and now I am working for a computer company I like pop music and swimming very much, and I once won the first prize in the school swimming competition. I am waiting for your reply. Thank you. Yours truly, Li Ming 课程顾问签字课程顾问签字： ： 教学主管签字教学主管签字：
