1、Warm-up & Lesson 1 Language LearningPre-reading .阅读理解 A You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.The reason goes back to the year 1066，when Norman forces invaded what is now Britain.The Normans were from northern France and spoke French.During the Nor
2、man occupation，French became the language of Englands rulers and wealthy class.This lasted for more than 300 years.Other people in England continued to speak English during this period. Over time， the two languages combined and shared words.Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eve
3、ntually entered the English language.However，although English took many French words，their meanings have not always stayed the same.Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important，and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way. Take，for example，the French
4、word “college”In English，“college” can often be used in place of the word university， or sometimes as a school within a university.However， in French， “college” actually means “middle school”， or the level of schooling for students in grades five or six through eight. There are many other similar wo
5、rds in the two languages with completely different meanings.In English， the word “chat” is a verb which means “to talk casually”； but in French， the word “chat” is the word for an animal：a cat. If an English speaker says someone is jolly，that means they are cheerful or friendly.But in French， jolie
6、means someone is good-looking or pleasant to look at.In any case， both are nice things to say to someone. 语篇解读 本文讲述的是“英语中的法语单词”。文中举例说明了它们在英语和法语中不同 的含义。 1What does the author stress about the French words in English? ATheir spelling forms. BTheir changes in history. CTheir puzzles for English. DTheir
7、 different meanings. 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However，although English took many French words， their meanings have not always stayed the same.Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important，and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.”可知， 作者对英语中的法语单词强调了它们的
8、不同含义。故选 D。 2What does a Frenchman mean if he says he likes a chat? AHe likes a kind of pet. BHe wants to have a talk. CHe hates to speak English. DHe prefers to chat in French. 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“In English， the word chat is a verb which means to talk casually；but in French，the word chat is the
9、word for an animal：a cat.”可知，如果 一个法国人说他喜欢 a chat， 他的意思是“他喜欢一种宠物”。 因为在法语里 chat 是 cat 的意 思，故选 A。 3What is the French word “jolie” used to do? AReplace “jolly” in English. BDescribe peoples looks. CRefer to peoples happiness. DProve the change in French. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“But in French， jolie mea
10、ns someone is good-looking or pleasant to look at.In any case，both are nice things to say to someone.”可知，在法语中，jolie 的意思是说某人长得好看或看上去是令人愉快的。 由此可推知法语词 jolie 被用来“描述人的 外表”。故选 B。 4What is the text mainly about? AComparison between two languages. BDifficulty in grasping English. CFrench words in English. D
11、Development of English. 答案 C 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句“You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.”和第二段前两句“Over time，the two languages combined and shared words.Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eventually entered the English languag
12、e.”可知， 本文讲述的是“英语中的法语单词”。 故选 C。 B (2018 四川双流中学高二期中) Nobody is sure where and when the expression “apple-pie order” began.Some say that Scottish and English writers used the expression a long time ago.Others say it was first used in the northeastern American states known as New England.The housewives
13、of New England cut their apples in even slices.Then they filled pie pans with them in an organized way，row upon row.As one writer said，the women of New England loved to have everything in its place.This perhaps explains why it generally is believed that the expression “apple-pie order” began in New
14、England. Another old expression，“apple of discord”，comes from ancient mythology(神话)， however.The myth says that all the gods and goddesses were sitting around the table to celebrate the marriage of Thetis and Peleus.One of the goddesses，Discord，was a troublemaker.She threw a golden apple on the tabl
15、e to be given as a prize to the most beautiful goddess.It was not an easy decision to make. How could they choose among Juno，Minerva and Venus? Paris was given the task of deciding. He decided to give the golden apple to Venus. Juno and Minerva were very angry and threatened him. This，the myth says，
16、began the long Trojan war. At one time，the tomato was called “a love apple”That was a mistake.This is how the mistake happened: In the sixteenth century，Spain imported the tomato from South America after Spanish explorers had landed there.Spain then exported the tomato to Morocco.Italian traders car
17、ried it on to Italy.The Italian name for the tomato was “pomo di Moro”apple of the Moors. When French growers imported it from Italy，they thought di Moro meant “damour”the French word for love.And so “pomo di Moro” became the apple of love. People believe many things about the apple.One belief is th
18、at it has great power of keeping people healthy.A very common expression is “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” Another belief is based on fact.The expression is “One rotten apple spoils the barrel.” When an apple begins to go bad，it ruins all the other apples around it in the container.The expre
19、ssion has come to mean that one bad person in a group can cause everyone to act bad. 语篇解读 本文介绍了一些关于 apple 短语的来历及其意义。 5Which of the following is TRUE about the phrase “apple-pie order”？ ANo one knows for sure where and when it began. BIt has been put into use recently. CEveryone is sure of where it b
20、egan. DIt began in New England. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Nobody is sure where and when the expression apple-pie order began.”可知选 A。 6Whats the meaning of “apple of discord”？ AEverything in good order. BSituation of danger. CEverything in agreement. DCause of disagreement. 答案 D 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“One of
21、the goddesses，Discord，was a troublemaker.She threw a golden apple on the table to be given as a prize to the most beautiful goddess.began the long Trojan war.”可知， “apple of discord”的意思是“不和之因， 争斗之源”。 故答案选 D。 7Whats the purpose of the third paragraph? ATo show us a mistaken idea. BTo explain how the t
22、omato was called the apple of love. CTo tell us a love story about the apple. DTo show how the tomato was brought in from South America. 答案 B 解析 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“The Italian name for the tomato was pomo di Moromeant damourthe French word for love.And sopomo di Moro became the apple of love.”可知第三段在解释为什么
23、西红柿被称为爱情之果。故选 B。 8Which of the following expressions is about health? AApple of discord. BApple-pie order. CAn apple a day keeps the doctor away. DOne rotten apple spoils the barrel. 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“One belief is that it has great power of keeping people healthy.A very common expression is a
24、n apple a day keeps the doctor away.”可知， 关 于健康的表达是：An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一日一苹果，医生远离我。故选 C。 C Bad news sells.If it bleeds，it leads.No news is good news，and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is bei
25、ng spread and monitored(监控) in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The if it bleeds rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger，a schola
26、r at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communicatione-mails，Web posts and
27、reviews， face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的)，but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things？To test for that possibility， Dr Berger
28、 looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories： thousands of articles on The New York Times website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than n
29、on-science articles.He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left them merely sad.They nee
30、ded to be aroused(激发) one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article， the more likely it was to be shared， as Dr Berger explains in his new book， “Contagious： Why Things Catch On” 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。研究表明好消息要比坏消息在网络上传播得更快、更广。 9What do the classic rules mentioned in t
31、he text apply to? ANews reports. BResearch papers. CPrivate e-mails. DDaily conversations. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据首段第四句“Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.”可知，这些规则适用于新闻报道。故选 A。 10What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? ATheyre socially inactive. BTheyre
32、 good at telling stories. CTheyre inconsiderate of others. DTheyre careful with their words. 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，像 Debbie Downer 那样的人是不考虑别人的 感受的。故选 C。 11Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr Bergers research? ASports news. BScience articles. CPersonal accounts. DFinancial review
33、s. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。 根据第三段最后两句可知， 人们更愿意转发一些科学类的文章。 故选 B。 12What can be a suitable title for the text? ASad Stories Travel Far and Wide BOnline News Attracts More People CReading Habits Change with the Times DGood News Beats Bad on Social Networks 答案 D 解析 标题归纳题。全文讲述了好消息在社交网络媒体中传播得更快更深远的现实，这打破 了传统媒体中坏消息传
34、播得又快又广的惯例，正面的新闻更容易被分享。故选 D。 .七选五 How to Improve Vocabulary Fast Your vocabulary refers to the words in a language you are familiar with.We should learn some ways to expand it. Read every day. 13 .Choose reading material that is slightly above your level and keep a dictionary with you to look up word
35、s you do not know. 14 .If you do not meet with an unfamiliar word in your daily reading，use your dictionary to search for one. Learn the correct definition and pronunciation for each new word.Pronunciation is as important as definition because in order to add a word to your active vocabulary，you mus
36、t be able to use it in speech. Elaborate(详尽阐述) on the meaning of the word.If you have just learned the word “stubborn”，think about the neighbour who will not lend you his car. 15 . Use your new word in speech and in writing.E-mail your sister about how your cat is stubborn about sleeping on your pil
37、low. 16 .But the more you use it，the more fluent you will become in its use.Soon it will be a regular part of your active vocabulary. Tell everyone you are trying to increase your vocabulary.Encourage them to ask you what your latest word is. 17 . The more you explain the meaning of a word to someon
38、e， the more likely you are to remember it. AFind a new word every day BThe vocabulary can be increased CYour vocabulary contains the words you understand DThe more often you read，the faster your vocabulary can grow EOr let them ask for the definition of a new word you have used FImagine him shaking
39、his head，and think of him as “stubborn in his refusal” GThe first time you use a new word in speech it may seem strange 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种增加词汇量的方法。 13答案 D 解析 根据上一句“Read every day.”可以判断本段主题内容是关于大量阅读的， 观察备选项 可知，D 选项(The more often you read，the faster your vocabulary can grow)符合题意。 14答案 A 解析 根据下一句“I
40、f you do not meet with an unfamiliar word in your daily reading，use your dictionary to search for one.”如果你在日常阅读中没遇到不熟悉的词， 你就到词典中去找一个 生词(来记)，那么前一句一定是告诉你 Find a new word every day“每天记一个生词”，故选 A。 15答案 F 解析 根据上一句“If you have just learned the word stubborn，think about the neighbour who will not lend you
41、his car.”(如果你刚学了 stubborn 这个词，想想那个不愿意借给你车的邻 居)，可知 F 项“想象他摇头的样子，就是坚决拒绝(stubborn in his refusal)”符合语境。 16答案 G 解析 根据下一句“But the more you use it， the more fluent you will become in its use.”你用得 越多， 你就会使用得越流畅。 那么前一句就该是“The first time you use a new word in speech it may seem strange.”你第一次在讲话中使用一个新词时，它或许看起来怪怪的。故选 G。 17答案 E 解析 这两句话都是建议做的事，一件事是“Encourage them to ask you what your latest word is.”另一件事是“Or let them ask for the definition of a new word you have used.”故选 E。
