1、,模块一 冠词,教师点拨,一、不定冠词的用法 1用在可数名词的单数形式之前，表示一类人或事物。如： An elephant is a useful animal. An egg is white. 2泛指某人或事物之一，第一次提到。如： His father is a doctor. Would you please lend me an umbrella? 3在表示时间、距离、度量衡等单位前，表示“每一”的概念。如： Take the medicine twice a day. Those apples cost five yuan a kilo. 4指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如
2、： A lady wants to see you. The old man is often visited and helped by a volunteer.,考点精讲 1 不定冠词(a/an),教师点拨,4指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如： A lady wants to see you. The old man is often visited and helped by a volunteer. 5用在序数词前，表示“又一、再一”的意思。 He tried a third time, but again he got nothing. 6用在某些食物、饮料等名词前，表示“一
3、份、一杯、一串”等。如： Would you like a coke? A tea is OK. 7用在某些天象前，表示“一场，一阵，一股”等。 What a strong wind! We met such a heavy rain yesterday that we were all wet. 8用在某些固定搭配中。如： a bit/few, a lot of, in a hurry, have a break, take a look, have a good time，have a rest, take a walk等,教师点拨,二、a/an 的区别 a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词
4、或字母前，an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。如：a book, an orange, an egg. 注意：u发音为/ju：/时，用a。如：a U, a university，a unit，a useful book。u发音为/或/时，用an。如：an umbrella, an ugly shirt等。 注意另外两个特殊词：a oneeyed tiger；a European country 常见辅音字母不发音的单词有：an honest boy；an hour；an honor等。 字母前只用an的情况，ana/e/f/h/i/l/m/n/o/r/s/x，可巧记为：Mr.Li h
5、as one fox.,教师点拨,定冠词的用法： 1用在上文已提到过的人或物前，表示特指。如： There is an apple on the table.The apple is big and red. 当在上文提到过的人或物前有另外一个修饰语时，依然用不定冠词。如： I have got an apple.It is a red apple. 2用在特指谈话者双方都知道的人或物前。如： Turn off the radio, John. Have you seen the film?,考点精讲 2 定冠词(the),教师点拨,3用在有后置定语的名词之前，但强调唯一性，排他性。如： Th
6、e capital of France is Paris. The man who is standing in front of the blackboard is our headmaster. The students of our class are all hardworking. 注意：有后置定语的名词也可能是泛指，强调非唯一。如： A boy from Class 5 is asking for you. Canada is a country in North America. 4用在可数名词的单数前，表示一类人或事物。 如： The monkey is a clever an
7、imal. The car was invented in the 1880s. 注意：表达一类人或事物还可以用复数名词或不定冠词(a, an)修饰单数的可数名词。所以第一例句也可以表达为：Monkeys are clever animals.A monkey is a clever animal.,教师点拨,5用在世界上、宇宙空间独一无二的事物前面。如： The earth goes around the sun. 6用在形容词或副词的最高级前。 Jim is carrying the heaviest box of the three. Mary is the tallest in our
8、 class. James runs the fastest. 注：副词的最高级前的定冠词可省略。 My brother works (the) hardest of all the students in his class. 7用在序数词前。如： Sunday is the first day of the week.,教师点拨,8用在某些形容词前表示一类人或事物。如： the old老人 the young 年轻人 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the blind 盲人 the happy 幸福的人 the beautiful 美好的东西 The young and t
9、he old should learn from each other. 9用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称之前。如： the Yangtze River长江 the Red Sea 红海 the Himalaya Mountains 喜马拉雅山 也可以不用冠词，颠倒过来表达。如： Mount Emei 峨眉山 Mount Tai 泰山 River Thames 泰晤士河,教师点拨,10用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如： the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Palace 颐和园 11用在乐器名称之前。如： He is good at playing the piano.
10、 注：此种用法只表示这种技能、技艺，而不是实物。 如：The piano I bought yesterday cost me nearly 10，000 yuan. 12用在姓氏的复数形式之前，表示这一家人或这家的夫妇两人。如： The Blacks have moved into the new house.,教师点拨,13用在表示方向的名词前。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 14用在国家的全称前。如： the Peoples Republic of China/the PRC；the United States of
11、America/the USA；the United Kingdom/the UK 15用在某些固定搭配中。如： in the middle of, at the beginning of, on the left, by the way, in the morning/evening/afternoon, in the daytime, in the end, at the same time, at the age of, at the moment等。,教师点拨,一、零冠词的用法 1专有名词前，如人名、地名、街名等。如： Mo Yan莫言 North China华北 Center Str
12、eet 中心街 New Zealand 新西兰 Guangzhou 广州 2不可数名词前，表泛指。如： Water can be changed into ice. Paper is made from wood. 3用在复数名词前表示一类人或事物时。如： Roses are my favorite flowers.,考点精讲 3 零冠词,教师点拨,4名词前已加了指示代词(this, that, those, these)、物主代词(my, your, his, her.)、不定代词(some, any.)和名词修饰语(Jacks.)时。如： Jacks jacket is on his bi
13、ke. 5在星期、月份、季节和由day组成的节日的名称之前。如： What day is today? Its Sunday.And its also the first day of June. Oh, its Childrens Day today. Which season do you like best, spring, summer, autumn or winter?,教师点拨,注意：如果是特指某时或某地的某个时间，要用定冠词。如： I was born in the spring of 1990. The summer in Guangdong is hotter than t
14、hat in Beijing. 中国传统的节日前，用the。如：the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Midautumn Day等。 6在称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词前。如： Doctor Li is a famous professor in our university. 7游戏运动的名称、三餐、学科等名词前。如： They usually play chess/football after lunch. My friend is good at English and Chines
15、e.,教师点拨,注意：球类名词如果是指具体的实物，则是普通名词： There is a football behind the door. 三餐前如果又一个形容词修饰，用a： a quick breakfast/a big lunch 如果是特指依然用the： I think highly of the dinner my mother cooked yesterday. 8在某些固定搭配中。如： by lift坐电梯(上下) go to bed(去睡觉) at night 在夜晚 at home在家 all day 成天 by bus坐公车 on foot 步行,教师点拨,二、有些名词前用冠
16、词和不用冠词意义完全不同。如： go to school/university上学/上大学 go to the school/university 去学校/去大学 at/after school在上学/放学后 in the school 在学校里 at table在进餐 at the table 在桌子边(干其他的事) in hospital在住院 in the hospital 在医院里 in front of在外部前面 in the front of 在内部前面 in space在太空 in the space 在空间、空格里 in bed在睡觉 in/on the bed 在床上 at church在做礼拜 at the/a church 在教堂里,
