1、Section_ Grammar 复习状语和状语从句语法图解探究发现It can sound very different from place to place.For example, within London the most famous dialect is cockney.One woman was lying in bed, awake.A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the book and said Emma Chissit.The boy needs a pen to do his homework.W
2、ell start our project if the president agrees.Ill give you an answer immediately Ive finished reading the report.The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort the moment he returned to his office.Poor as he was, he was honest.我的发现(1)句为词语作状语，句为句子作状语。(2)为非谓语动词作状语。(3)句中的条件状语从句用一般现在
3、时代替一般将来时。(4)句用副词引导状语从句；句用名词性短语引导时间状语从句。(5)句中的状语从句使用了倒装语序。一、状语(一)概念修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分，叫作状语。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。(二)状语的位置修饰形容词的状语，通常放在所修饰的词之前；修饰动词的状语，一般放在所修饰的动词之后。但有些副词作状语，则放在实义动词之前，助动词、be 动词或情态动词之后，如 always, often, usually, never, ever 等。(三)状语的构成1副词作状语He spea
4、ks English quite fluently.他的英语说得非常流利。2名词作状语Well have a classmeeting on Monday.我们将在星期一开班会。3数词作状语He came out first in the exam.他考试得了第一名。4形容词(短语)作状语Ripe, the oranges taste sweet.这些橘子熟时，味道甜美。5不定式作状语I opened the window to let some fresh air in.我打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。6分词作状语Heated, water changes into steam.当水加热时，变成水
5、蒸气。7介词短语作状语When we heard the good news, we jumped with joy.当我们听到这个好消息时，我们高兴地跳了起来。8独立主格作状语It being Sunday, the library is closed.因为是星期天，图书馆关门了。9从句作状语We must strike while the iron is hot.我们必须趁热打铁。即时演练 1 画出下列句子中的状语When_Susan_goes_to_town,_she will visit her grandma.Full_of _hope,_the local people are w
6、orking hard to_rebuild_their_hometown.Having_lived_abroad_for_twenty_years, _the old man returned to his hometown where he was brought up.I will stay another_five_months.Mary didnt go shopping because_I _advised_her_not_to.In_spite_of _the_heavy_rain,_they arrived.Always look your homework through b
7、efore_handing_it_in.二、状语从句(一)状语从句的概念及分类用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫作状语从句。可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、比较等状语从句。(二)各种状语从句的具体用法1时间状语从句时间状语从句常由以下引导词引导：when; while; as; before; after; since; until; as soon as; no sooner .than .; hardly .when; the moment; every time; immediately 等。Awhen, while, as 引导的时间状语从句(1)when 表示时间
8、点时，从句中用非延续性动词；表示时间段时，用延续性动词。You had already gone when I arrived there.当我到达时，你已经走了。(when 表示时间点)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当时住在农村，我常常为他担水。(when 表示时间段)(2)while 表示“在期间”或“在某一段时间里”，它所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生。Sam went through a magazine while he waited.萨姆一边等着一边
9、翻阅杂志。(3)as 引导的时间状语从句as 表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，一般与延续性动词连用。As I watched them, an idea struck me.我看着他们时，产生了一个想法。as 表示“一边一边” ，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。As the students walked to their dorms, they sang happily.学生们一边往宿舍走，一边快乐地唱着歌。as 还可以说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”，表示时间的推移。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着
10、时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。Bsince 引导的时间状语从句since 表示从过去某一时间或动作起到目前为止，意思是“自以来”。引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，since 从句中一般用非延续性动词的一般过去时。Weve been friends ever since we met at school.自从我们在学校认识之后，我们就一直是好朋友。Cbefore, after 引导的时间状语从句(1)before 表示在一段时间之前。after 表示在一段时间之后。I had written my dissertation before my supervisor went
11、 abroad.在导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。I found your coat after you had left the house. 你离开房子之后，我发现了你的外衣。(2)before 有时翻译成“才”“不到就”“趁就”“还没( 来得及)就”。It was quite a few years before he finally finished his novel.过了好几年他才完成他的小说。He ran off before I could stop him.我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。Dtill, until 引导的时间状语从句(1)如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，
12、就常用肯定式表示“直到为止”；如果主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，就常用否定表示“直到才”。He will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph.D course.他将留在学校里直到完成他的博士学位课程。I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock. 直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。(2)当 not until 位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。Not until he came back did I leave.直到他回来我才走。名师点津 until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或
13、主句之后，但 till 从句一般不放在句首。在强调句型中一般只能用 until，不用 till。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她来。E表示“一就”的时间状语从句as soon as, once, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, no sooner .than, hardly . when, scarcely .when 等引导的从句
14、都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生了，即“一就”。As soon as we got home, the telephone rang.我们刚到家，电话就响了。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一回到家就打开电视机。名师点津 hardly/scarcely .when, no sooner .than 引导的从句中的动词用一般过去时，主句中的动词用过去完成时。当 hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。Hardly had I arrived at the theatre w
15、hen the performance began.我刚到剧场，节目就开始了。Fnext time, the first time, the last time, every time, by the time 等引导的时间状语从句Do look me up the next time youre in London.你下次到伦敦，务必来找我。By the time we got there, the play had already begun.等我们到那里时，戏已经开始了。即时演练 2 (1)选词填空when, while, as, before, after, since, until,
16、 the momentThe_ moment I heard the news, I rushed to the spot.When she came in, I was cooking dinner.While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.As time goes on, things are getting better and better.I didnt go to bed until my father came back.My father had left for Canada just before
17、the letter arrived.After she had finished her dinner, Lucy began to read a novel.It is five days since he came here.(2)完成句子Not_until one of my classmates patted me on the shoulder did_I come to myself.直到我的同班同学拍了一下我的肩膀，我才回过神来。No sooner had_she_heard_the_news_than she fainted.她一听到这个消息，便昏了过去。It wont be
18、 long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。2让步状语从句让步状语从句由 although, though, while“虽然，尽管”，as, even if, even though“即使也”，however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether .or .“不管还是 ”，no matter how (who, what .)等引导。Although they lack official support, they continue their strug
19、gle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍然继续奋斗。Even if you fail, you will have gained experience.纵然失败，你也会得到一些经验。即时演练 3 完成句子(2016浙江高考改编)While/Although/Though_online_shopping_has_changed_our_life,_not all of its effects have been positive.虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并不是它的所有影响都是积极正面的。However_hard_it_rained,_they went on hiking.不管雨下得多大
20、他们仍继续徒步旅行。No_matter_who_you_are,_you must obey the law.不管你是谁，都要守法。Whether_he_will_come_or_not, _we will go on with our plan.不管他来不来，我们仍按计划进行。Child _as_he_was,_he had a good command of English.尽管他是个孩子，但他精通英语。3条件状语从句条件状语从句由 if“如果”， unless“除非”， as long as ( so long as)“只要”， in case (that)“如果，万一”， on con
21、dition that“条件是”， suppose, supposing (that), provided/providing (that)“假如 ”等引导。I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money.如果我能存下足够的钱，我就买台电脑。Unless the weather was bad, my father always used to take a walk in the evening.除非天气不好，我的父亲过去晚上总是去散步。即时演练 4 选词填空on condition that， if， as long a
22、s， in case， supposingIf he works hard, hell be successful.You may borrow the book, on_condition_that you wont lend it to others.Supposing (that) you fail a second time, try again.As _long_as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.It may rain, youd better take an umbrella (jus
23、t) in_case it does.4地点状语从句地点状语从句常由 where 或 wherever 等引导。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。He must go wherever we send him.他必须去我们派他去的任何地方。5原因状语从句原因状语从句由 because, as, since, now that 等引导。I didnt go to school today because I was ill.因为生病所以我今天没去上学。As there was no answer, he wrote to her agai
24、n.因为没有回复，所以他又给她写了封信。6结果状语从句和目的状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so .that, such .that“如此以至于”，so that“以至于，所以”。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。I didnt plan the work well, so that I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有教育性，我们感到很兴奋。(2)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so th
25、at, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case。They started early so that they might arrive in time.他们早点动身，以便准时到达。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。7方式状语从句和比较状语从句(1)方式状语从句常由 as, as if, as though 等词引导，通常位于主句之后。He acted as if/though nothing had happened.他装作似乎什么事也没发生过。
26、(2)比较状语从句由 as .as; more .than; the more ., the more .等引导。Our new school is four times as big as the old one.我们的新学校是原来学校的四倍大。即时演练 5 单句改错Youll go to anywhere you like.去掉 toIt was as he was late for class that he was scolded by the teacher.asbecauseIn order to we could save time, we used the computer.t
27、othatThere are such many mistakes in the passage that no one likes to read it.suchsoHe treats me as if I am a stranger.amwere.单句语法填空1(2017浙江高考)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.2(2017北京高考) Although/Though birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feat
28、hers are for other purposes.3(2017北京高考)If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until/till you figure it out.4(2017江苏高考) Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.5(2016北京高考)I really enjoy listenin
29、g to music because/as it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.6At night these busy streets during the day become empty of traffic. 7Children should be instructed to put things where they belong in their early childhood.8Everything seemed to be going smoothly (smooth) for
30、 the first two days after I moved to New York.9Finding (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.10Unless we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.完成句子1(2017全国卷书面表达)Id appreciate it if_you_could_reply_to my letter at your earliest convenience.如果您能尽早给予回复我将感激不尽。2(2016
31、全国卷书面表达) To_get_some_working_experience,_I plan to find a parttime job in a foreign capital company. 为了获得一些工作经验，我计划去一家外资公司兼职。3(2015全国卷满分作文) First_of_all,_you can talk about American customs and festivals because Chinese students are interested in them.首先，你可以谈论美国的习俗和节日，因为中国学生对它们感兴趣。4(2015全国卷书面表达) Sin
32、ce_you_are_interested_in traditional Chinese cultures, I think this festival is well worth experiencing.既然你对中国传统文化很感兴趣，我认为这个节日是非常值得体验的。5. (2015陕西高考书面表达)Besides, I have such_a_good_command_of_English_that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.此外，我英语能力很好，因此我当选为英语课代表。6Though_some_of _the_ques
33、tions_seem_unfamiliar_to_me,_they are easy to answer.虽然有些问题对我来说似乎不太熟悉，但它们很容易回答。.短文改错Dear Jack，I am pleasing to hear from you and know that you had a greatly time working parttime in a fast food restaurant. Now I would like to share your working experiences with you during the past summer holiday.In
34、the beginning of the summer vacation, I was hired as shopping guide in a big supermarket. I stood for ten hours a day and smiled to everyone I have met. Sometimes I was laughed at, and most of the time, I was praised for my wonderful works by many people. Half a month passed quickly after I knew it, and I learned how to deal with different people. Above all, I have learned that smile is the key to solve any problem.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua答案：第一句：pleasingpleased; greatly great第二句：yourmy第三句：InAt; as 后加 a第四句：去掉 have第五句：andbut; workswork第六句：after before第七句：solvesolving
