1、Period Four GrammarEllipsis感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1Burns are called first，second or third degree burns，depending on which layers of the skin are burned.2First degree burns turn white when pressed.3Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.4The cool water stops the burning
2、process，prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.5If burns are on arms or legs，keep them higher than the heart，if possible.1句 1 和句 4 为简单句中的省略，句 1 中在 first 和 second 后省略了 degree；句 4 中在becoming 前省略了 from。2句 2,3 和 5 为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，或当状语从句的主语为 it，而且从句谓语中含有 be 动词时，可以把从句的 主语和 be
3、 动词一起省略。一、什么是省略1省略是一种避免重复、保持简洁的语法手段。2凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。二、省略的分类(一)简单句中的省略1省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，常常省略主语，主要是祈使句中的 you 和疑问句中的主语。(You) Shut up!住嘴！(It) Doesnt matter.没关系。2省略宾语：当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。Do you know Miss Gao?I dont know (he
4、r)你认识高女士吗？不认识。3省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分 )：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分) 同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(You come) This way，please.请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语 )(Have you) Got any ink?你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分 )(二)并列句中的省略一般来说，在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都要省略。My room is on the fifth floor，and hers (is) on the eighth (floor)我的房间
5、在五楼，而她的在八楼。(三)复合句中的省略1状语从句中的省略当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为 it，且从句谓语中含有 be 动词时，省略状语从句中的主语和 be 动词。Although (he was) hardworking，he couldnt earn enough to support himself.尽管努力工作，他的收入还是不够自己糊口。The film is more interesting than (it was) expected.这部电影比预想的有趣。When (the grapes are) ripe，the grapes will be deliciou
6、s.葡萄成熟时会很好吃。2定语从句中的省略当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，这个关系代词可以省略。Hes the man (whom/who/that) you can safely depend on.他是你能放心信赖的人。There are many plays (that/which) Id like to see.有很多我想看的戏剧。3宾语从句中的省略在宾语从句中常省略连接词 that，但当有多个 that 引导的从句时，第一个 that 可以省略，而其他的 that 常不可省略。I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and
7、that they will come to say goodbye to us.我认为今天下午天会放晴，他们会来向我们告别的。三、其他的省略情况(一)动词不定式的省略1当不定式在形容词 afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready ，willing 等后作状语时，to 后的内容常省略。You cant force him to answer the question if hes not ready to (answer the question)如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。2某些使役动词，如：make，let，have 等和感官动词，如：see，w
8、atch ，notice，observe，hear 等后面作宾补的不定式须省略 to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则 to 不能省略。We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom./She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态 )我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。3多个不定式并列时，从第二个不定式开始，可以省略不定式符号 to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，则不能省略 to。I told him to sit down and (to) wait
9、 for a moment.我告诉他坐下等一会儿。To go home or to stay at school during the weekend has not been decided.周末回家还是待在学校还没有决定。 4当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，to 后的内容常可省略。常见的动词有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，know，manage ，pretend ，remember ，refuse，want，wish 等。I would do it for you，but I dont know how to (do it for you)我愿意为你做这件事
10、，但是我不知道怎么去做。5介词 but，except ( 除了) 前有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，后面的不定式省略 to。All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。6当不定式在 be going to，be able to，have to，ought to，used to 后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略，但要保留不定式符号 to。They didnt visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。名师点津 省
11、略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的 have 或 be 的任何形式时，to 后要保留原形的 have 或 be。类似这样用法的还有动词短语 ought to，be going to，be about to，be supposed to，have to，used to 及形容词 glad，happy，pleased，delighted 等。(二)使用 so，not 等时的省略在英语中，可以用 so，not 或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。Can you finish your work today?你今天能完成工作吗？I think so./I dont think so./I t
12、hink not.我认为能。/我认为不能。把下列各句中的画线部分补充完整1As scheduled，we took part in several instructive activities.(2016 天津)As it was scheduled2Video games can be a poor influence if left in the wrong hands.(2015湖南)if they are left3It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.(2015江苏)u
13、nless you are fully covered4It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.(2015江苏)if I had known5Children，when accompanied by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南)when they are accompanied.单句语法填空1Although ordered(order) to stop，the driver kept on driving as fast as h
14、e could.2He succeeded in solving all the problems as expected(expect)3The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not to make(make) it more difficult.4He had a wonderful childhood when travelling(travel) with his mother to all corners of the world.5When offered(offer) an important role in
15、 a new movie，Andy got a chance to become famous.6Though tired(tire)，they went on working in order to finish the task on time.7Some diseases are not at all dangerous if treated(treat) in time.8Were(be) I a teacher，I would be strict with my students.9Once seen (see)，it can never be forgotten.10What I
16、want to do is have(have) a good rest.将下列句子改写成省略句11The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.The burn she got from the iron was red and very painful.12Just take a short break if you are tired.Just take a short break if tired.13Only some of the students have done a first aid
17、course but most of the students havent done a first aid course.Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most havent.14John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not.15She stood at the gate as if she
18、was waiting for someone.She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone.基础巩固.单句语法填空1If convenient(convenience)，I will visit you this weekend and discuss what to do next with you.2Once encouraged(encourage)，he will have confidence to overcome the difficulties.(2018河北衡水二中期末)3Mary，how about going to th
19、e movies after supper?Sounds(sound) great.4Though surprised(surprise) to see us，the old man gave us a warm welcome.5He rushes out of the room as if to meet(meet) some important person.6Knowing his trouble ，I had nothing to do but inspire(inspire) him to continue his work.7Tom wanted to play football
20、 with his friends in the street，but his father told him not to.(2017江苏南京外国语学校期中)8If possible(possibility)，Id like to work in the Ministry of Finance because I am good at mathematics and know much professional knowledge about finance.9Were(be) I a bird，I would fly to see you at once.(2018天津耀华中学高二上期中
21、)10Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss instead of the workers.They just carried out the order as told(tell)(2018安徽合肥一中期末).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11I wont go to the party even if being invited.12He opened his mouth as if speak. to13He came home earlier than 或 was expected. he14Cathy can do
22、 nothing but to lie down and sleep.15The teacher told us not to take the equipment out of the laboratory until to.allowingallowed16Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam at the age of six months old.wasbe.句型转换17When I am in trouble，I always turn to her for help.When in trouble，I always t
23、urn to her for help.18This conclusion proved to be correct.This conclusion proved correct.19He told a lie when he was questioned by the police.He told a lie when questioned by the police.20I dont know how I can improve my English.I dont know how to improve my English.21They are scolded whenever they
24、 are late for school.They are scolded whenever late for school.能力提升.阅读理解Electric Shocks Can Be FatalGovernment statistics recently showed that in the UK，more than 3,000 people a year experience electric shocks in their homes.A smaller number of people are killed after they touch the power lines outs
25、ide their homes.Electric shocks can cause a persons heart or breath to stop and are potentially fatal.It is essential for people to learn basic first aid techniques to deal with such emergencies.What to do?If you are the first person to reach someone who has an electric shock，dont touch him or her!I
26、f the victim is still holding the appliance(家用电器) that gives him or her the shock (e.g.a hair dryer)，unplug it or turn off the power at its source.Under no circumstances can you try to move the appliance with your hands!If you cant turn off the power，use a piece of wood，like a broom handle or a chai
27、r，to separate the victim from the appliance or the power source.You may even be able to do this with a folded newspaper.The victim must remain lying down.If he or she is unconscious，the victim should be placed on his or her side.But he or she should not be moved if there is a possibility of neck or
28、spine injuries unless it is absolutely necessary.It is essential to maintain the victims body heat，so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else.If the victim is not breathing，apply mouthtomouth resuscitation(口对口人工呼吸) Keep the victims head low until professional help a
29、rrives.If the electric shock has been caused by an external power line，the dangers to the victim and to anybody providing first aid are much greater.语 篇 解 读 本 文 主 要 介 绍 了 对 触 电 的 人 的 急 救 技 巧 。22What kind of passage is it?AAn advertisement.BA horror story.CA news report.DFirst aid emergency advice.答案
30、 D解析 文章类型题。通读全文可知，文章用大量篇幅向读者介绍对触电的人该如何进行急救，所以这是一篇有关急救建议的文章。23The underlined sentence implies that .Ayou should move the applianceByou should pick up the appliance and turn off the electricityCit is very dangerous to touch the appliance with your handsDit is unnecessary to unplug the appliance with y
31、our hands答案 C解析 句意理解题。Under no circumstances 放在句首，构成了倒装语序，画线句意为“任何情况下都不要用手将家用电器移开” ，可见用手触碰触电者所持的家用电器是很危险的，故选 C 项。24When a person has got an electric shock，you should .Aseparate the victim from the appliance and let him sit upBkeep the victim warm and help him or her breathe againCmove the victim ont
32、o his or her side if he or she has got neck injuriesDkeep the victims head high until professional help arrives答案 B解析 细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知，要保持触电者的体温，同时要帮助他恢复呼吸，故选 B 项。由倒数第三段首句可知，应使触电者躺下而不是坐起来，排除 A 项；由倒数第三段最后一句可知，若触电者颈部受伤了，不应挪动他，排除 C 项；由倒数第二段最后一句可知，应将触电者的头部放低而不是抬高，排除 D 项。.完形填空One Monday evening，I received
33、a direct message from a boy who found a mean message in his locker.He took a picture of it and sent it to me asking for 25 .I asked him to meet me the following morning.A few hours later I 26 on the Internet that he had posted the picture of the mean note and asked if anyone 27 who it was.I thought
34、it was 28 of the boy to find it out via social media.The next day the boy came to me and another 29 was with him.The boy showed me another note he had 30 .But this was a beautiful，heartfelt 31 .I asked him if he knew who had done it，and the boy who came with him 32 ， “It was me.I dont know why I did
35、 it， 33 I know it was wrong and not at all kind.So I wrote him this note.I also wrote 150 notes with 34 sayings and put them in all the lockers.I just 35 to do something to make up for my 36 .”My heart felt full of pride and love for this 37 boy.I told him how courageous it was for him to come 38 an
36、d how amazing it was that he did something kind in return to try to balance his 39 .I turned to the boy who received both notes and asked him if he also 40 the bravery and could forgive.Without 41 ，he said， “Yes，definitely.And 42 anyone tries to be mean to him for making a bad choice，I will stand up
37、 to him.”These two boys 43 me that coming forward when we need help is important，and coming forward to 44 a wrong is vital.语篇解读 文章主要讲述了一个小男孩在做错事情后，勇于承认错误。作者认为当我们需要帮助时，挺身而出是重要的，而挺身而出承认错误是至关重要的。25A.support BmoneyChelp Dcomfort答案 C解析 句意为：他拍了一张照片，发送给我向我求助。ask for hep 求助。根据句意，故选C。26A.noticed BrealizedCco
38、ncluded Ddeclared答案 A解析 句意为：几个小时后，我在网上注意到他已经发布了这张便条的照片，问是否有人知道是谁。 notice 注意到，故选 A。27A.agreed BpredicatedCknew Dimagined答案 C解析 参考上题解析。故选 C。28A.patient BsmartChonest Dreliable答案 B解析 句意为：我认为这个男孩通过社交媒体查找是聪明的。smart 聪明的，故选 B。29A.boy BteacherCgirl Dadvisor答案 A解析 句意为：第二天，这个男孩与另外一个男孩一起来找我。根据下文的“and the boy w
39、ho came with him”可知选 A。30A.written BlostCreceived Dselected答案 C解析 句意为：男孩给我看了他收到的另一张便条。receive 收到，故选 C。31A.invitation BwishCgreeting Dapology答案 D解析 句意为：但这是一个美丽的、真心的道歉。apology 道歉。根据下文的“I know it was wrong and not at all kind”可知小男孩写了这个便条来道歉。故选 D。32A.replied BaddedCshouted Dargued答案 A解析 句意为：我问他是否知道是谁干的，
40、和他一起来的男孩回答说：“是我干的” reply 回答，故选 A。33A.so BforCor Dbut答案 D解析 句意为：我不知道我为什么这么做，但我知道那是错的，一点也不友好。but 但是。前后句为转折关系，故选 D。34A.simple BkindCspecific Dcautious答案 B解析 句意为：我还用善意的话写了 150 个便条，并把它们放在所有的储物柜里。小男孩在便条上用善意的语言道歉。kind 善意的，故选 B。35A.wanted BcontinuedCfailed Drefused答案 A解析 句意为：我只是想做点什么来弥补我卑劣的行为。want 想要，故选 A。3
41、6A.carelessness BlonelinessCmeanness Dsadness答案 C解析 参考上题解析。meanness 坏心眼，卑鄙，符合题意，故选 C。37A.special BuniqueCwise Dbrave答案 D解析 句意为：我心中充满了对这个勇敢男孩的自豪和爱。根据下文“I told him how courageous it was”可知选 D。38A.along BforwardCback Dout答案 B解析 句意为：我告诉他，他挺身而出是多么勇敢，他做了那么友好的事情来弥补他的错误是多么令人吃惊。come forward 站出来，挺身而出，故选 B。39A
42、.mistake BlossCbelief Dvalue答案 A解析 参考上题解析。 mistake 错误，故选 A。40A.compared BchallengedCpresented Drecognized答案 D解析 句意为：我转向那个收到了两张便条的男孩，问他是否也认可了那个男孩的勇敢并且原谅他。 recognize 认可。故选 D。41A.difficulty BdoubtChesitation Dfear答案 C解析 句意为：他毫不犹豫地说：“是的，当然”without hesitation 毫不犹豫。故选C。42A.although BifCbecause Duntil答案 B解
43、析 句意为：如果有人因为他做出错误的选择而责怪他，我会勇敢站出来反对那个人。故选 B。43A.promised BwarnedCshowed Dinformed答案 C解析 句意为：这两个男孩让我知道，当我们需要帮助时，挺身而出是重要的，而挺身而出承认错误是至关重要的。show 展示，表明，故选 C。44A.discover BconductCjudge Dadmit答案 D解析 参考上题解析。admit 承认。根据句意，故选 D。.语法填空Hospitals havent always been clean and quiet places.Long ago they were dirty
44、and crowded.Nurses were never taught 45. to look after their patients and many people died.It was Florence Nightingale 46. changed all this.Florence was born in 1820.As a child，she often went with her mother 47. (visit) the poor people.They took food and medicine to the sick.It was these visits that
45、 first gave her the idea of becoming a nurse.Her chance came in 1854 48. Britain went to war with Russia.Florence 49. (ask) to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the 50. (wound) soldiers.The hospitals were dirty，and there was not enough medicine.Florence and her team worked very hard,
46、51. (clean) the hospital rooms and beds every day.At night，she would go from room to room checking on the patients.She often stayed to talk to the patients，especially if she could see that they were scared or 52. (die)After the war，Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patient
47、s 53. (proper)However ，she never really got better from the 54. (ill) that she had in the war，and she died in 1910.语篇解读 本文是对世界著名护理专家、近代护理教育的创始人、护理学的奠基人弗洛伦斯南丁格尔的介绍。45答案 how解析 以前的护士不知道如何照顾病人，故用疑问词 how。46答案 who/that解析 该句使用了强调句型，被强调的是 Florence Nightingale。47答案 to visit解析 to visit the poor people 在句中作目的状
48、语。48答案 when解析 when 引导的从句在句中作时间状语。49答案 was asked解析 Florence 是谓语动词的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是 1854 年的事，用一般过去时。50答案 wounded解析 wounded 是过去分词作定语。51答案 cleaning解析 cleaning the hospital rooms and beds every day 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。52答案 dying解析 dying 表示“快要死的 ”。53答案 properly解析 空格中所填单词在句中修饰 look after，需用 proper 的副词形式。54答案 illness解析 空格中所填单词在句中作介词 from 的宾语，需用 ill 的名词形式
