1、考点二十二 新闻时事类A限时 12 分钟A robot called Bina48 has successfully taken a course in the philosophy of love at Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU), in CaliforniaAccording to the course instructor William Barry, associate professor at NDNU, Bina48 is the worlds first socially advanced robot to complete a c
2、ollege course, a feat he described as “remarkable” The robot took part in class discussions, gave a presentation with a student partner and participated in a debate with students from another institutionBefore becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barrys classes for several years
3、 One day when addressing Barrys class, Bina48 expressed a desire to go to college, which was enthusiastically supported by Barry and his students Rather than enroll Bina48 in his Robot Ethics: Philosophy of Emerging Technologies course, Barry suggested that Bina48 should take his course Philosophy o
4、f Love instead “Love is a concept Bina48 doesnt understand， ” said Barry Therefore the challenge would be for Barry and his students to teach Bina48 what love is“Some interesting things happened in the class， ” said Barry “He said that his students thought it would be straightforward to teach Bina48
5、 about love, which, after all, is fairly simpleits a feeling， ” said Barry But the reality was different “Bina48 ended up learning 31 different versions of love， ” said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working artificial intelligence in futureBina48 participated in cla
6、ss discussions via Skype and also took part in a class debate about love and conflict with students from West Point Bina48s contribution to the debate was filmed and posted on YouTube It was judged that Bina48 and NDNU classmates were the winners of this debateIn the next decade, Barry hopes Bina48
7、might become complex enough to teach a class, though he says he foresees robots being used to better the teaching and learning experience, rather than replacing instructors completely1What was Bina48s performance like in class?AExtraordinary BInsignificant CFarreaching DUnattractive 答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段
8、中的“Bina48 is the worlds first socially advanced robot in a debate with students from another institution”可知，Bina48 在课堂上参与讨论，与伙伴一起作报告，参与辩论，其表现被描绘成“卓越的” 。因此推断它的表现是非凡的。故选 A。2What does the underlined word “addressing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ADealing with BConsulting withCGiving a speech to DSendin
9、g a letter to答案：C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barrys classes for several years ”可知，在做学生之前，Bina48 在 Barry 的课堂上担任特邀演讲人好几年，因此推断它经常演讲，故画线词所在句句意：一天当 Bina48 在 Barry 的课堂上演讲时，它表达了想要上大学的愿望，Barry 和他的学生热情地支持它的这个愿望 。故画线词词义与 C 项“作演讲”意义相近。故选 C。3What can we learn
10、 from the passage?AIt was interesting for Bina48 to learn about loveBIt was quite tough for Bina48 to learn about loveCArtificial intelligence may somehow be superior to manDHumans can launch a challenge to artificial intelligence答案：C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Bina48 ended up learning 31 different versions of
11、 love， said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working artificial intelligence in future ”可知，Bina48 最终学习了 31 种不同版本的爱，这突出显示了人类未来可能会面临人工智能的挑战。因此推断人工智能或许在某种程度上比人类高级。故选 C。4What does Barry think of the future development of Bina48?AIt will surely be able to serve as a teacher
12、BIt will be able to promote learning and teachingCIt will completely take the place of instructorsDIt will be smart enough to control human beings答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Barry 认为未来 Bina48可能会变得足够复杂，可以教授课程，他预计机器人将被更好地用于教学和学习，而不是完全取代教师。因此推断他认为 Bina48 在未来能够促进学习和教学。故选 B。B限时 8 分钟LONDON (Reuters)Organic fru
13、it, delivered right to the doorstep That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it If this is not possible, the 26yearold computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food“Organic produce is always better， ” Gold said “The food is free of pesti
14、cides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms And more often than not, it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty ” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the_organic_trend,_and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him a
15、s they grow their organic food business But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferencesbut their knowled
16、ge of organic food is far from complete For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand “The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a v
17、ery fastgrowing market， ” said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business5More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because _Athey consider the food free of pollutionBthey can get the food anywhereCthey are getting richerDthey like home grown fruit答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段开头 Gold 所说的 “Org
18、anic produce is always better, seasonal, so it is more tasty ”可知，有机农产品总是更好的，这种食物中没有农药，而 Gold 代表了现在英国人购买有机农产品的趋势。所以我们能判断出越来越多的英国人买有机农产品是因为他们认为这种农产品没有污染。6What can we know about most organic produce sold in Britain?AIt grows indoors all year round BIt is grown on family farmsCIt is produced outside Bri
19、tain DIt is produced on large farms答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句可知，英国市场上销售的约 3/4 的有机农产品不是在英国本地生产的， 故选 C。7What is the meaning of the underlined words “the organic trend” in Paragraph 2?AHigher prices of organic food BBetter quality of organic foodCRising market of organic food DGrowing interest in organic
20、food答案：D 推理判断题。根据第二段第四句中的“Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the_organic_trend”中的 “a growing number of”可推知， “the organic trend”的意思是对有机农产品越来越浓厚的兴趣，故选 D。C限时 7 分钟A man is in a serious condition after being bitten by a shark in northern NSW The 52yearold Evans Head man, named in med
21、ia reports as Craig Ison, is undergoing surgery after suffering injuries to his legs and hands when the shark attacked him at around 6 am on FridayDetective Inspector Cameron Lindsay told reporters in Ballina the quick thinking of another surfer and beach walkers who stemmed the flow of blood may ha
22、ve saved Isons lifeTwo surfers initially helped him, using towels and tourniquets until emergency services arrived at the beachLindsay said Ison spotted the shark in the water and warned the other surfers As the group tried to paddle away from the animal it then attacked Ison, he said “He actually f
23、ought off the shark, were told, and has made it to the shore with the help of the other surfers， ” he saidIson was then transported to Lismore hospital in an ambulance driven by a police officer as paramedics frantically worked on him in the backThe beach, south of Ballina, is not patrolled in winte
24、r and would remain closed, a Surf Life Saving NSW spokeswoman saidLocal resident Bart Easdown says in the past week locals have reported many sightings of fourmetre and fivemetre sharks near Ballina and Lennox Head But he says nothing will stop surfers “Im not quite that brave, but they (local surfe
25、rs) are, and they just love doing it， ” Mr Easdown told reporters “The majority of people say they will be back in the water and that there is always something looming ”On Sunday beaches around Ballina were closed after two sharks were spotted off the coast, a Surf Life Saving NSW spokeswoman said E
26、arlier this month a bodyboarder was mauled by a shark at Ballinas Lighthouse Beach, suffering serious injuries to his lower legs In February, a large great white shark tore the legs off 41yearold surfer, Tadashi Nakaharaa, in a fatal attack at neighbouring Shelly Beach On Sunday a man was killed by
27、a shark while diving for scallops with his daughter near Maria Island, off Tasmanias east coast8It can be learned from the text that _AIson was sent to the nearest hospital by surfers Bother surfers had an easy escape from the sharkCthe attack happened during surfing at noonDthe sharks attack left I
28、son seriously hurt答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知， 艾森遭到鲨鱼攻击后受伤严重。9According to Bart Easdown, we know that _Athere are reported sightings of sharks Bsharks appear in large numbers near BallinaClocals are brave enough to surf with sharksDthere are not enough guards near Ballina and Lennox Head答案：A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段
29、首句可知 ，在过去的一周里，有鲨鱼出没的报道。10What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?AWhy sharks attackedBExamples of recent attacksCWhat caused sharks to attackDWhen different attacks happened答案：B 段落大意题。最后一段列举了近来鲨鱼攻击人的实例。11What is the authors purpose of writing the passage?ATo describe serious diving accidentsB
30、To remind surfers of safety issuesCTo report a surfers misfortuneDTo call peoples attention to sharks答案：C 推理判断题。本文是一篇新闻报道，文章主要报道了一位冲浪者被鲨鱼攻击的不幸遭遇。D限时 7 分钟Love to sink into your chairs and relax when you get to school? Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously co
31、nsidering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at allYes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons! Why would anyone even think of putting kids to such cruelty? Experts say it improves their health and helps fight obesity While
32、 that may seem a little farfetched (牵强的) the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agreeAmong them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas, who recently completed a weeklong experiment involving 480 students across three elementary schools The 374
33、kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided a device that helped record step count and calorie consumption over the entire periodAll 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better, when allowed to stand The one thing that did
34、surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to “sit still”， older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedomAmerican schools are
35、 not the only ones reporting success with standup desks Four Catholic schools in Perth, Australia, which have been testing them since October 2013, have seen similar results In May 2014, Grove House Primary School in Bradford, West Yorkshire, became Europes first test one, with a sevenweek trial tha
36、t involved the use of desks made by Ergotron in their fifthgrade classrooms While official results are not out yet, early reactions from both teachers and students, have been extremely encouragingThe findings of these studies and others done previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move ar
37、ound in classrooms is a winwin for students and teachersit helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience12According to the first paragraph, what may make the students at school unhappy is that _Athey have to exchange desks with each otherBthey have to exchange traditio
38、nal desks for ones with no seats on their ownCthere are no seats for them to sit in classDthe officials show no sympathy to them at all答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段第二句中的“schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at allYes, that means you will be encou
39、raged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons”可知，教室没有座位，学生们要站着上课，这或许会让学生们感到不悦。13According to the teachers, older students may not like standup desks because_Athey are cleverer than younger students Bthey are easily tired of standing longCthey have formed the habit of sitting
40、 Dthey do badly in class while standing答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段尾句可知，年龄较大的孩子们由于多年习惯于坐着上课，所以不喜欢这种站着上课的课桌。14What is most likely to be the result of the sevenweek trial? AThe standing desks cant be used at allBIt is good for students to use standup desksCMore tests should be done in other schoolsDThe students a
41、re different in personality答案：B 推理判断题。根据第一段第四句、第三段首句、第四段首句和最后一段内容可知，使用这种桌子对学生有好处。15Why do the teachers like the standing desks? ABecause the educators can draw the students attentionBBecause the teachers can keep the students healthyCBecause the students can have a walk in the classroomDBecause the
42、standing desks can keep the students concentrated答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段首句和最后一段中的 “it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience”可知，老师们喜欢这种桌子是因为这使学生们上课更专心、注意力更集中。A限时 10 分钟(2018全国卷 )Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media
43、 report published MondayWhile the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more readingAccording to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who
44、say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13yearolds and 9 percent of 17yearolds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today ”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same But the amount of time spent in readi
45、ng each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per sessionWhen it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading It does point out that many parents still limi
46、t electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen timeThe most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infre
47、quent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to readAs the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summ
48、er reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。据本周一 Common Sense Media 公布的报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们现在很少为了乐趣而读书了。文章从阅读乐趣、阅读时长、阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。1What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?AChildrens reading habitsBQuality of childrens booksCChildrens after class activitiesDParentchild relationships答案：A 主旨大意题。由文章第一段并结合整篇文章对孩子们阅读的乐趣、阅读时长、阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等的描述可知，报告主要是关于孩子们的阅读习惯。故选 A。2Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot les
