2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练:专题一 语法基础考点十 名词性从句

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1、考点十 名词性从句限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1_ she was invited to the ball made her very happy答案:That 空格处引导主语从句 。从句中不缺少成分,并且句意完整,因此用 that 引导该主语从句。2Children should be reminded of _ they should do in public places答案:what 句意:应该提醒孩子们在公共场所应该做些什么。所填词引导宾语从句且在从句中作 do 的宾语,意为“的事情” ,故用 what。3Dick enjoys painting but he knows the

2、 fact _ he doesnt have what it takes to be a professional答案:that 句意:迪克喜欢画画,但他知道自己没有成为一名专业画家所需要的( 素质)。that 引导同位语从句,说明 fact 的具体内容 。4Success partially depends on _ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly答案:whether 根据句子结构可知 ,设空处引导宾语从句;根据句意可判断,设空处意为“是否” ,其前有介词 on,故填 whether。5I lost my cell ph

3、one yesterday Can you tell me _ I can buy one?答案:where where 引导宾语从句 ,且在从句中作地点状语。6It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind答案:that it 为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的从句,从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,因此用 that。7_ breaks the law will be punished答案:Whoever 句意:无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。主语从句中缺少主语,指人,并且表泛指,故用 whoe

4、ver。8She will give _ needs help a warm support答案:whoever 句意:凡是需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。由句意可知,应填 whoever, 在宾语从句中充当主语。9I have no idea _ the girl is doing in her room now答案:what 句意:我不知道那个女孩现在在房间里干什么。由句意可知,应填 what,在同位语从句中作宾语,且意为“ 的事情” 。10_ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned

5、by asking questions 答案:What 分析句子成分可知,主语从句中缺少主语,且指事物,因此用 what。11Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565答案:when 句意:土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定,但很可能是1565 年左右。分析句子结构可知,设空处为主语从句的引导词,从 around 1565判断,这里指时间,故填 when。12It shocked the world _ the United States withdre

6、w from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal答案:that 句意:令世界震惊的是,美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议 ,包括 2015 年巴黎气候变化协定和 2015 年伊朗核协议 。此处 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。13I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroo

7、m but Im not sure _ to begin答案:where 句意:我现在需要帮助!我不得不修理洗手间里一个正在漏水的管子,但是我不确定从何处着手。此处表示是管子哪里漏水,表示地点,填 where。14Forty grams of meat per day is _ people should consume in order to stay fit答案:what 句意:为了保持健康 ,人们每天应该消耗 40 克肉。 “_ people should consume”是表语从句,该从句中 ,consume 缺少宾语,且表示“所的东西” ,故要用 what 引导该从句。15The f

8、amous player tried again and again after each failure Thats _ he succeeded at last答案:why 句意:每次失败后,这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试 。那就是为什么他最终成功了(的原因)。be 后面的是一个表语从句,用 why 引导从句,表示结果,故填 why。16The retired engineer is showing _ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know 答案:how 句意:这位退休的工程师正在

9、展示轮椅如何爬楼梯 ,这是所有有好奇心的游客想知道的。由句意可知,填 how,意为“怎么,如何” 。这是how 引导的宾语从句。17It hasnt been made clear _ the new underground line is to be open to traffic答案:when 句意:新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。由句意可知,填when。这是 when 引导的主语从句 ,it 是形式主语 。18The problem is _ sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis, we start to tak

10、e it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have答案:that 句意:问题是,有时候当我们不断地被给予某些东西时 ,我们就认为这是理所当然的,从而忘记了要对我们已经拥有的东西应该心存感恩。由于从句中成分完整,因此应用 that 来引导,that 在从句中只起连接作用,不作任何成分。 19Ten percent of life is _ happens to you and ninety percent is _ you respond to it答案:what; how 句意:生活的百分之十是事件本身,另有百

11、分之九十在于你如何回应它。分析句子结构可知,第一空引导表语从句,happens to you 缺少主语,意为“什么事” ,因此应用 what 来引导;第二空也引导表语从句,you respond to it 成分齐全,因此应用 how,表方式。 20After a days exhausting climb we arrived at _ we had been told was Garden in the Air答案:what 句意:经过一天筋疲力尽的攀爬 ,我们终于到了那个被称为“空中花园”的地方。分析句子结构可知,at 为介词,后面是一个宾语从句,we had been told 为插入

12、语,宾语从句中缺主语,且在句中意为“的事物(东西)” , 故用 what。 21Sometimes, _ we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her答案:how 句意:有时我们如何表达对一个人的感激之情会体现在招待他或她的食物种类上。此处用 how,表方式,引导主语从句 。22It remains to be seen _ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going答案:whether 句意:这个计

13、划是否足够可行来让这个工程继续下去,还有待于进一步观察。whether 引导主语从句,it 是形式主语 。23Some summer camps can provide you with as many as ten courses, and you are required to choose _ suits you best 答案:whichever 句意:一些夏令营可以提供多达 10 门课程,你可以从中选择最适合自己的课程。choose 后面是宾语从句 ,从句中缺少主语,且前句提到范围即 as many as ten courses,故此处表示你最喜欢的任何一门,故填whichever。

14、24It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger Its _ their habitats or homelands are disappearing 答案:because 句意:据报道大部分鸟类正面临危险。这是因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。空格处引导表语从句。根据前后两句的关系,空格处表示因果关系,故使用 because。25I just wonder _ it is that all the villagers think highly of him 答案:why 句意:我就是想知道为什么所有的村民

15、对他的评价这么高 。wonder 后面用 why 引导宾语从句 。26If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose _ you have already filled out on this form答案:whatever 句意:如果你留下这个申请表不填,而去另一个网站,你将会丢失你在这个表格中已填好的任何东西。根据句意可知,是丢失已经填好的表格内容,用 whatever 引导。27_ theyve managed to get everything finished so quickly

16、 is not clear to us答案:How 句意:他们是怎么如此快速地把一切做完的我们还不清楚。主语从句不缺少主语、宾语和定语,且由 managed to get everything finished 可知空格处是表示方式,因此填 How。28A proposal was put forward at the meeting _ the new cement plant shouldnt be built near the school答案:that 句意:一个建议在会上被提出来,新水泥厂不应该建在学校附近。本题考查的是同位语从句,句中的“that the new cement pl

17、ant shouldnt be built near the school”解释说明名词 proposal。29The most exciting moment was _ I was given the first prize答案:when 句意:我最兴奋的时刻是我获得第一名的时候。根据句中的“exciting moment”可知,此处是 when 引导的表语从句。30They are discussing the problem _ they should stop investing money in that project 答案:whether 句意:他们正在讨论是否应该停止向那个项

18、目投资的问题。分析句子结构,空格后面是一个同位语从句,解释前面“problem”的内容,根据句意,缺少表示“是否”的词,而 if 不能引导同位语从句 ,只能填 whether。二、单句改错1The fact when he had not said anything surprised me_答案:when that 本句中含有同位语从句,解释说明 The fact 的内容,从句中不缺少成分,并且句意完整,故引导词用 that。2That the fat boy needs is much more practice_答案:That What is 前面的句子是一个主语从句,从句中缺少 nee

19、ds 的宾语,且意为“的事物(东西)” ,因此应用 what。3That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather_答案:That Whether 句意:我们是否能准时到达那里取决于天气。whether 引导的主语从句可置于句首,本句中的主语从句缺乏表示“是否”的连接词,故将 That 改为 Whether。4The reason why she doesnt like me is I make her angry_答案:is 后加 that is 后是一个表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,并且句意完整,因此应用 that。表语从句中 th

20、at 不能省略。 “The reason why is that ”是一固定句型 ,意为 “的原因是” 。5I have been worrying about if I have hurt Marys feelings_答案:ifwhether 宾语从句位于介词之后,表“是否”时,只能用whether 引导 ,不能用 if。6That surprised us most was that Tom should have left without a word_答案:That What 引导主语从句并且在从句中作主语,且意为“的事情” ,应用 What。7Its no longer a que

21、stion now that man can land on the moon _答案:thatwhether 句意:现在,人类是否能登上月球已经不再是一个问题了。句中 it 作形式主语,真正的主语是 whether 引导的从句。8The real reason why I dont have a hobby is because I dont have time_答案:becausethat 句意:我没有爱好的真正的原因是我没时间。表语从句中不缺少成分,并且句意完整,因此应用 that。The reason why is that “的原因是” 。9The news they had won

22、 the game soon spread over the whole country _答案:news 后加 that 句意:他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了全国。that引导同位语从句,解释前面的 news 的内容,that 不能省略。10The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad _答案:whowhoever 句意:组织者承诺无论谁获得一等奖都会有出国的机会。在题干中,promise 后面跟的是一个宾语从句,who 指具体的“谁” ,与题意不符;whoever 是“ 无论谁”之意,相当于 an

23、yone who,可引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,与题意相符。 11Mary is a humorous and warmhearted woman and that is because she is a most popular person in her community_答案:becausewhy 句意:玛丽是一个很幽默而且很热心的女人,这就是她为什么会成为社区里非常受欢迎的人。that is 后引导的句子作 is 的表语,表结果,故用 why。12The question is if they will be able to help us_答案:ifwhether 句意:问题是他

24、们是否能帮我们。本句中包含表语从句,if 不连接表语从句,故将 if 改为 whether。13In the office an electrical engineer is looking through the instructions to know whether the heat system works_答案:whether how 句意:办公室里一名电气工程师正在浏览说明书为了弄明白供热系统是如何工作的。know 后是一个宾语从句 ,连接词在从句中表示方式。根据句意可知,应将 whether 改为 how。14I know nothing about him except he

25、is from the south _答案:except 后加 that except that 是一个固定结构,连接宾语从句,故在except 后加 that。15He says the book is very interesting, and all the children love to read it _答案:and 后加 that 动词后接有两个或者两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个以及以后的宾语从句中的 that 不能省略。名词性从句( 一)名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that, whether, if (在从句

26、中均不充当任何成分 )。连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever等。连接副词:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 等。注意:that 在名词性从句中不作任何成分,但在主语从句 、表语从句、同位语从句中也不能省略,在引导宾语从句时,第一个宾语从句中的 that 可以省略;that 引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时,that 不可以省略;whether 和 if 意为“是否” ,在宾语从句中可以互换使用(注意介词后面的宾语从句只能用 wheth

27、er引导);在表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句且主语从句位于句首时,只能用whether。从句均用陈述语序。一、主语从句1主语从句:在复合句中充当主语成分的从句。That_he_passed_the_driving_test made us very happyWho_will_take_over_the_company has not been decided yet2为了防止一些句子头重脚轻,通常用 it 作形式主语。用 it 作形式主语的常用句型It is名词(a fact, a shame, a pity, good news ) that It is形容词(true, certain,

28、 clear ) that It is过去分词(said, reported, believed ) that It不及物动词(occurs, matters )that 从句It_is_certain_that you will pass the College Entrance ExamIt_is_a_pity_that I missed the party held last nightIt_is_reported_that the accident was caused by carelessnessIt_had_never_occurred_to_him_that he might

29、be falling in love with her二、宾语从句1宾语从句:在复合句中充当宾语成分的从句。分为及物动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句、形容词后的宾语从句。Do you know who_has_got_the_first_prize?We are talking about whether_we_admit_students_into_our_clubI am sure I_will_pass_the_exam2it 作形式宾语,常用的动词有:find, make, feel, think, consider 等。I find it necessary that_we_do_so

30、me_reading_every_day3有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句,需要借助形式宾语 it。常见的有 like, dislike, hate, love, enjoy, appreciate 等。I hate it when_people_speak_with_their_mouths_fullI would appreciate it if_you_could_stay_for_lunch4在 suggest, demand, insist, order 等动词后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即 (should)动词原形。She suggested that we (should)

31、_not_go there for holiday限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1(2017北京高考 )Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival答案:whoever 句意:每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,且表示“无论谁” ,故填whoever。2(2017北京高考 )Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing _ she was head

32、ing答案:where 句意:简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着,不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用 where 引导。3(2016北京高考 )The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust答案:that 句意:雨季最令人愉悦的是人们可以完全不受灰尘的烦扰 。分析句子结构可知,本空需要连接词引导表语从句,连接词在从句中不作任何成分,也无任何意义,只起连接作用,故用 that 引导 。4(2017江苏高考 )We choose this hotel

33、because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge答案:what 句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20 美元,这是其过去要价的一半。设空处引导宾语从句。从句中缺少 charge 的宾语且表示“事物” ,故用 what 引导。5(2017天津高考 )She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt答案:whether/if 句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书

34、馆,我承认我还没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据句意可知,该宾语从句要用 whether/if引导,表“是否” 。6(2016天津高考 )The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant There is too much work to do答案:that 句意:经理提出了一条建议,我们应该有个助手 。有太多的工作要做。suggestion 后是同位语从句,从句的结构和句意均完整 ,故用 that 引导。7(2016北京高考 )Your support is important to our work _

35、 you can do helps答案:Whatever 句意:你的支持对于我们的工作很重要,不管你做什么都能帮助我们。分析句子结构可知,本空需要连接代词 whatever 引导主语从句,并在从句中作 do 的宾语。8(2018北京西城模拟 )Could you give me some advice on getting a job?First, find out _ you like doing best答案:what 句意: 你能给我一些有关找工作的建议吗?首先要弄清楚你最喜欢做什么。 “_ you like doing best”为宾语从句,该从句中缺少宾语(doing 的宾语) ,且

36、设空处意为 “的事” ,故答案为 what。9(2018山西重点中学协作体模拟)My mother knew where we were at all times She knew _ our friends were答案:who/where 句意:我母亲总是知道我们在哪里。她知道我们的朋友是谁/ 在哪里。根据句意可知,设空处在宾语从句中作表语 ,且表示“身份或地点” ,故用 who 或 where 引导 。10(2018河南模拟 )I had no idea _ a stage manager actually did答案:what 句意:我不知道舞台经理实际做些什么。 “_ a stage

37、 manager actually did”为宾语从句 ,该从句中缺少宾语 ,且设空处指“事物” ,故用 what 引导 。11(2018青岛模拟 )The problem is _ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time答案:how/whether 句意:问题是我们如何 /是否能在这么短的时间内提升阅读技能。根据句意可知,填 how/whether 引导表语从句。12(2018安徽联考 )Its my treat today Is there anything particular you would like to ha

38、ve?_ you choose is fine with me答案:Whatever 句意: 今天我请客,你有什么特别想吃的吗?无论你选择什么对我来说都可以。 “_ you choose”为主语从句,从句中choose 缺宾语,且指“无论什么 ”,故用 whatever。13(2018天津高考 )When I told Sally _ happened, she covered her mouth, laughing答案:what 句意:当我告诉萨里发生了什么事情的时候,她捂着嘴笑了。what 引导宾语从句 ,作 told 的宾语。14(2018浙江高考 )Its partly true _

39、Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life 答案:that 句意:这一点部分是真实的,即狄更斯的写作风格吸引了各行各业的人们。it 是形式主语,that 引导主语从句, that 在从句中不作任何成分。15(2018浙江高考 )This is _ there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it答案:why 句意:这就是为什么有这样的一种说法 ,求忙人才能做成事。此处 why 引导表语从句。16(2

40、018江苏高考 )_ starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school答案:What 句意:开始中学生玩这些应用程序只是因为它们有趣,后来它们变成了一个现实社交互动中的巨大压力。what 引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语。17(2018全国高考作业帮高考预测卷)One of my favorite sportsrelated memories was _ I was at the basketball team in hig

41、h school 答案:when 句意:我最喜欢的与体育有关的记忆之一就是我高中参加篮球队的时候。由句中的 memories 可知,应用 when 引导表语从句。18(2018四川绵阳高三考前模拟)What is concerning us greatly is _the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free答案:when/whether 句意:我们非常关心的是昨天在那个地区被抢劫的工人们什么时候/是否会被释放。此处缺表语从句的连接词且从句中不缺主语或宾语,故可用 when/whether。19(2018安徽省皖南八校高

42、三联考)The practical suggestion came from the representatives_ the new rule be adopted答案:that 句意:来自代表们的切实可行的建议是:这项新规定应该被采纳。分析句子结构可知,此处为同位语从句,说明 suggestion 的内容,而该从句意思非常完整,所以要用 that 引导。20(2018长春市高三二模)_ is the most important to him is not his job, but his family答案:What 句意: 对于他来说最重要的不是他的工作而是他的家庭。此处 what 引导

43、主语从句 , 且在从句中作主语。21(2019厦门一中高三模拟)His success in digital field proved _ it took to be a best CEO 答案:what 句意:他在数字领域的成功证明了要想成为最好的 CEO 所需要的条件。proved 后接宾语从句 。因为从句中 took 缺宾语,且该宾语意为“的事物( 东西) ”,填 what。22(2019河北省保定市月考)Built over 2,200 years ago in _ is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today答案:what 句意:2,200 多年前在现在的中国西南部的四川省,建造的这个惊人的工程至今仍在使用。what 引导宾语从句, 作介词 in 的宾语,同时在宾语从句中作主语。23(2019广东省五校高三联考)In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is _ you dont sp

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