1、Unit 4 Body language,达标检测,语法导学,内容索引,Period Four GrammarThe -ing form as the Adverbial,语法导学,阅读以下句子，感悟体会v.-ing形式的用法，并总结规律。 1.Yesterday，another student and I，representing our universitys student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students. 2.I stood f
2、or a minute watching them and then went to greet them. 3.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands. 4.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling，together with George Cook from Canada. 5.When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door，she recognized Tony Garcias smilin
3、g face. 6.They also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through physical distance. 7.Turning around，she saw an ambulance driving away. 8.The old scientist died all of a sudden，leaving the project unfinished. 9.Hearing the news，they jumped with joy. 10.Having smoked too much，he has suffe
4、red from lung cancer.,1.加颜色部分在句子中作伴随状语的是 ；作时间状语的是 ；作结果状语的是 ；作原因状语的是 ；作方式状语的是 。 2.比较句9和句10，句9中v.-ing形式为 式，表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；句10中v.-ing形式为 式，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 3.观察句110可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的 。,2、3、4、5,7、9,8,10,1、6,一般,完成,主语,一、v.-ing形式作状语的用法 v.-ing形式在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。 1.作时间状语(
5、相当于一个时间状语从句)。 Walking in the park，she saw an old friend. When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend. 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。 名师点津 当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。,2.作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句) Being ill，he couldnt go to school. As he was ill，he couldnt go to
6、school. 因为生病了，他无法去上学。 3.作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加if，unless等连词) Working hard，youll make great progress. If you work hard，youll make great progress. 如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。,4.作结果状语 作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。 The fire lasted nearly two days，leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了将近两天，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。 名师点津 现在分词作结果
7、状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然而然的结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：,He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。,5.作让步、方式和伴随状语 作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时
8、它可转换成并列句。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book. Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读着一本书。 名师点津 为强调v.-ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when，while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before，after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。,Though knowing all this，they made me
9、pay for the damage. 尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。,二、v.-ing形式的时态 v.-ing形式的完成式：havingp.p.(过去分词)，表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，并且只能作状语，表示时间或原因(一般式表示v.-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)。 (1)Having lived in Beijing for years，I almost know every place quite well. 在北京住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。(having lived作状语，表示原因，live的动作发生在know的动作之前) (2)Havi
10、ng worked for three hours，he took a rest. 工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一下。(having worked作状语，表示时间，work的动作发生在take a rest的动作之前),三、v.-ing形式的否定式：notv.-ing；not havingv.-ed (1)Not knowing this，he didnt come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 (2)Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。,四、有些惯用的v.
11、-ing短语在句中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。 常见的有： generally/strictly/exactly speaking一般/严格/准确说来 judging from/by.根据判断 talking of.谈到 considering.考虑到，鉴于 supposing(that).假设，假定 regarding.关于,五、v.-ing形式的独立主格结构 1.名词/代词v.-ing 有时候v.-ing的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这时，需要在v.-ing前加上一个逻辑主语(一般由名词或
12、代词充当)，它是动作的执行者，表示主动含义。这种结构作状语，可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。 (1)Mary coming back，they discussed it together. 玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。 (2)The trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres. 那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。,2.there be结构 这种结构多放在句首，其中being不可省略。 (1)There being nothing to do，we played games. 没有什么事可做，我们玩起了游戏。 (2)
13、There being no customers，they closed the store. 因为没有顾客，他们关了店门。,.单句语法填空 1.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.(2018全国) 2.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，_ (allow) more p
14、atients to be treated.(2017天津) 3.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津),答案,feeding,allowing,making,4. (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015天津) 5.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smil
15、e，she stood rooted to the ground， (wonder) whether to stay or leave. (2015湖南) 6.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars.(2015重庆),答案,Having worked,wondering,using,7.In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，_ (combine) the sense of “information” and “
16、atmosphere”.(2015福建) 8.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland， (stare) at the night sky.(2014湖南),答案,combining,staring,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.Everyone was silent，wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.(2018全国，短文改错) 2.One evening
17、at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue. (2014陕西，短文改错) 3. Follow this explanation，there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings，but the rate remained above the previous level.(2011辽宁，短文改错),答案,waiting,having,Following,达标检测,.单句语法填空 1. (select) the proper present，they sent it to the
18、ir respectable professor. 2.Not (know) what to do，the children had to wait for their parents to come back. 3. (hear) the signal，people ran out of the building. 4. (judge) from the appearance，it is very peaceful，but in fact，a war will break out soon. 5.The decision (make)，what is to be done now is ho
19、w to carry it out.,Having selected,knowing,Hearing,Judging,having been made,6. (work) harder at English，youll make your life abroad easier. 7. exploring the cave，they found a valuable mineral. 8.It (be) Sunday，many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercises. 9. (look) out through the window
20、，we saw a beautiful scenery. 10.The case shocked the public， (cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.,Working,When,being,Looking,causing,.用现在分词短语改写句子 1.The storm left and had caused a lot of damage to this area. 2.Do be more careful when you cross the street. 3.As it was a wet day，we
21、couldnt go for a walk. ,The storm left，having caused a lot of damage to this area.,Do be more careful when crossing the street.,It being a wet day，we couldnt go for a walk.,4.Because he did not know how to do it，he went to her for help. 5.As soon as she had made the beds，she started making breakfast
22、. ,Not knowing how to do it，he went to her for help.,Having made the beds，she started making breakfast.,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.Realized that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games. 2.He got up late and hurried to his office，left the breakfast untouched. 3.Stood in
23、a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.,Realizing,leaving,Standing,4.Do you wake up every morning feel energetic and ready to start a new day? 5.Look at my classmates faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.,feeling,Looking,.完成句子 1.就个人而言，我满意你的表现。，Im satisfied with your
24、 performance. 2.全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。 Football is played all over the world， . 3.由于教室里没有老师，学生们开始自由交谈。in classroom，the pupils began to talk freely. 4.我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。 I stood by the door， .,Personally speaking,making it a popular sport,There being no teacher,not daring to say a word,5.尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。
25、(Though he had tried many times)，he still couldnt succeed. 6.如果早点儿出发的话，你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。(If you set off earlier)，youll get to the town at dusk. 7.因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师道歉后，他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。(After he had apologized to his teacher for his rude manner)，he made a promise that he wouldnt make the same mistake.,Having tried many times,Setting off earlier,Having apologized to his teacher for his rude manner,
