1、Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars,基础自测,内容索引,互动探究,达标检测,Period Two Warming Up & ReadingLanguage Points,基础自测,1. n.天文学 2. n.系统；体系；制度 3. n.学说；理论 4. n.原子 5. n.球体；地球仪；地球 6. n.大气层；气氛,一、词汇过关,基础词汇,astronomy,system,theory,atom,globe,atmosphere,7. vt.链子；连锁；锁链 8. vi.& vt.乘；增加 9. n.氧 10. adv.因此；于是,chain,m
2、ultiply,oxygen,thus,1. adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 n.猛烈；激烈 2. prep.与不同；不像 prep.像 3. adj.有害的 n.& v.损害；危害 adj.无害的 4. vi.存在；生存existence n.生存；存在 5. n.谜；难题；vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 adj.令人迷惑的 adj.感到迷惑的,拓展词汇,violent,violence,unlike,like,harmful,harm,harmless,exist,puzzle,puzzling,puzzled,1.构词法 (1)规则harm (n.& v.损害) harmful
3、(adj.有害的) harmless (adj.无害的) 联想careful小心的；careless粗心的 hopeful有希望的；hopeless无希望的 helpful有帮助的；helpless无助的 useful有用的；useless无用的 (2)规则like (prep.像) unlike (prep.不像) 联想unusual不寻常的 unable不能够的 unfair不公平的 unfit不健康的 unhappy不高兴的,联想归纳,2.话题词汇与“学科”有关的词汇 (1)astronomy n.天文学 (2)biology n.生物学 (3)history n.历史学 (4)geog
4、raphy n.地理学 (5)chemistry n.化学 (6)physics n.物理学 (7)politics n.政治学 (8)mathematics n.数学 (9)Chinese n.语文,1. 及时；终于 2. 下蛋 3. 产生；分娩 4. 轮到某人 5. 阻止；制止,二、短语互译,汉译英,in time,lay eggs,give birth to,in ones turn,prevent.from,英译汉,1.begin with _ 2.in all directions _ 3.as well as _ 4.as a result of _ 5.depend on/upo
5、n _,从开始；起源于,朝四面八方,也；还；和一样好,由于结果,取决于；依靠,教材原句 1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。 分析解读 be to do sth. 表示按计划、安排、决定、命令要做的事或注定要发生的事。 仿写运用 The experience is . 这次经历注定会改变她的一生。,三
6、、重点句式,to change her whole life,教材原句 2.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。 分析解读 “make宾语宾补”复合结构。 仿写运用 It was your help that . 正是你的帮助才使我有可能通过了考试。,made it possible for me to pass the exam,互动探究,They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitr
7、ogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere. 它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。,重点词汇,in time及时；终于；迟早 in time for sth. /to do sth. 来得及(做)；及时(做) in no time立即，立刻 at a time依次；逐一；每次 at no time在任何时候都不；决不(置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装) at one time曾经，一度 at times有时，偶尔 on time按时，准时,(1)Do y
8、ou want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family？你想及时起床和家人一起吃早饭吗？(2017全国) (2)At no time should you give up studying. 在任何时候你都不应该放弃学习。 (3)He rushed out of the kitchen no time when he heard the shout. 他听到喊声立刻从厨房里冲了出去。 (4)Everyone may make mistakes . 每个人都会偶尔犯错误。,in,at times,(5)These buses ar
9、e never time and the passengers are always complaining. 这些公共汽车从来不准时，乘客们一直在抱怨。 单句改错 (6)You cant imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our city at a time.,on,one,Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later. 在其他行星比如火星上也都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后
10、来都消失了。,(1)unlike prep.与不同；不像；adj.不同的，不相似的 (2)unlikely adj.不大可能的 (3)likely adj.可能的 be likely to do sth. 可能做某事 It is likely that.有可能,(1)But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting. 但是和她学校里的朋友不同，16岁的Sarah没有花半学期的时间来休息。 (2017全国) (2)This is unlikely to be the whole st
11、ory.情况可能并非完全如此。 (3) he will be in Beijing this autumn. 今年秋天他可能在北京。 句型转换 (4)Its likely that he will attend the meeting. He the meeting.,It is likely that,is likely to attend,It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水对生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。,fundament
12、al adj.基本的；基础的；根本的 be fundamental to sth. 对是必不可少/至关重要,(1)There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view. 这两个观点有一个根本区别。 (2)A knowledge of Chinese is fundamental any understanding of this problem. 汉语知识对于理解这个问题是必不可少的。,to,What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of w
13、ater allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。,(1)harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to对有害 (2)harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的 (3)harm n.& v.损害；危害 do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害 There is no harm (in) doing sth. 做某事无害处。,(1)It is harmful
14、 to your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 (2)As a matter of fact，this plant is harmless to humans. 事实上，这种植物对人类无害。 (3) giving up smoking. 戒烟没有害处。,There is no harm (in),一句多译 (4)喝酒太多对你的健康伤害很大。 Drinking too much your health.(harm) Drinking too much your health.(harmful),does harm to,is harmful to
15、,They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它们也下蛋，并且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。,(1)exist vi.存在；生存 exist on靠生活/生存 exist in存在于中 There exist(s)/existed.某地有；存在 (2)existence n.存在；生存 come into existence(begin to exist)产生；成立 in existence现存的，存在的,(1)Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt ex
16、ist yet. 喷气式飞机和大卡车还不存在。 (2)To be honest，I can hardly exist on the wage Im getting. 说实话，我依靠工资几乎活不下去。 (3)Sudan came into (exist) at the end of the 1800s. 苏丹国于19世纪末开始成立。 (4)The bridge is the oldest . 这座桥是现存最古老的。,existence,in existence,These animals were different from all life forms in the past，because
17、 they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. 这些动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为它们能从体内生出幼子并给幼子哺乳。,(give birth to产生；分娩；引发；造成 by birth血统上；生来，天生地 at birth出生时,(1)Religious differences between them gave birth to a war. 他们之间的宗教分歧引发了一场战争。 (2)Mary was said to be African birth. 据说玛丽是非洲人。 (3)The ove
18、rweight boy weighed 4.85 kilograms birth. 这个超重的男孩出生时重4.85公斤。,by,at,Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet. 于是他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。,in ones turn接着；轮到某人 in turn依次，轮流；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。,(1)When it is in m
19、y turn，Im too excited to speak. 当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。 (2)Leaving home for the first time，he felt cheerful and sad by turns. 第一次离开家，他时而高兴时而悲伤。 (3)All theories are from practice and turn serve practice. 理论来自实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。 (4)Lets take turns (drive) the car. 让我们轮流来开车吧。,in,to drive,They are putting too much
20、 carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。,prevent.(from) doing sth. 阻止做某事。与这种结构相似的有stop sb. /sth. (from) doing sth. ；keep sb. /sth. from doing sth. (from不可以省略)。 注意：在被动语态中，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。,(1)The heavy rain p
21、revented us going on，but we didnt lose heart. 大雨阻止了我们前进，但是我们并不灰心。 (2)No one can prevent this plan from (carry) out. 谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。 (3)Lynns parents tried to stop her (see) him. 琳恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。 单句改错 (4)Im sorry to have kept you from waiting for so long a time.,being carried,seeing,So whether life wil
22、l continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。,depend on/upon依靠；依赖；取决于依靠某人做某事depend on/upon it that.相信/指望 That/It (all) depends.依情况而定。,depend on/upon sb. to do sth. depend on/upon ones doing sth.,(1)Th
23、e effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. 闲话的影响因情况而异。(2016浙江) (2)The poor man depends on his son to earn money. 这个穷人依靠他的儿子去赚钱。 (3)You can depend on that he will come on time；he always keeps his word.你可以相信他会准时来，他总是很守信用。 (4)What are you going to do this weekend? It (depend).I may go to Shan
24、ghai with my friends. 这个周末你打算做什么？ 视情况而定。我可能和朋友们一起去上海。,depends,it,How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球上的生命是如何开始的是科学家们发现难以解决的最大的谜之一。,(1)puzzle n.谜；难题；vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 puzzle about/over苦苦思索；仔细琢磨 (2)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的 (3)puzzling adj.令人费解的,(
25、1)Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 我仍很困惑他们为什么要做此事。 (2)What he said at the meeting made most of us puzzled. 他在会议上说的话让我们大多数人很困惑。 (3)To explain the (puzzle) findings，he offers two theories. 为了解释这些令人费解的发现，他提供了两个理论。 单句改错 (4)She listened with a puzzling expression on her face.,puzzling,p
26、uzzled,经典句式,What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。,(1)was to become是“be to do”结构，在句中表示将要发生的动作。 (2)be to do sth. 表示按计划、安排、决定、命令要做的事或注定要发生的事；be about to do sth. 表示即将、马上要做的事，常与
27、when搭配使用；be going to do sth. 可以表示说话者主观打算做某事，或客观迹象表明即将发生某事。,(1)Here is a message for you：you are to go to the office after class. 这有你一个口信，让你下课后到办公室去。 (2)There are many dark clouds in the sky.It is going to rain. 天空阴云密布，要下雨了。 (3)No one is (leave) the building without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得离开这座大楼。,to l
28、eave,This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。,(1)句中made it possible for life to develop属于“makeit形容词/名词(宾补)to do/that 从句”结构。该结构中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。 (2)在“make宾语宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词或形容词。 注意：当“make宾语do sth. ”变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上
29、。,(1)I must make it clear that I will support you forever. 我必须说明，我会永远支持你的。 (2)The police made the young boy (stand) against the wall. 警察让这个男孩靠墙站着。 (3)The man spoke loudly to make himself (hear). 这个人大声说话为的是让自己被听见。 单句改错 (4)The boy was made work for over ten hours a day.,stand,heard, to,达标检测,.单句语法填空 1.
30、I should be back time to watch the football match. 2.Its your turn (clean) our classroom today. 3.The girl arrived just in time (attend) the meeting. 4.The students are studying in an atmosphere everyone is friendly. 5.This kind of plant often gives off some (harm) gases.,in,to clean,to attend,where
31、,harmful,6.Many mothers have decided to give birth a second baby. 7.This fence will prevent the chickens entering the yard. 8.All living things depend the sun for their growth. 9.Most of us were (puzzle) by his long speech. 10.I was unaware of his (exist) until today.,to,from,on/upon,puzzled,existen
32、ce,.完成句子 1.他每天早晨都读英语，这成为了他的习惯。 He every morning. 2.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。 Where the missing plane has gone still . 3.他注定会为那个决定后悔余生。 He that decision for the rest of his life.,makes it a rule to read English,remains a puzzle to us,is to regret,4.我不知道你能否及时赶过来。 I wonder . 5.他是否会同意这个计划将取决于他的心情。will depend on his mood.,whether or not you can come in time,Whether he will agree to this plan,
