1、Unit 22 Environmental Protection,-2-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.reserve vi.储备;保存;保留;预订 n.保护区;储备;保留;储备金;储藏量 reservation n.保留;预订(房间、座位等) 高考佳句 Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!在樱花飘落之前,快快预订风景胜地吧。(2018全国卷,阅读理解A篇) (1)reserve sth for sb为某人保留/预定某物 a nature reserve自然保护区 in reserve贮存;备用
2、(2)make a reservation预订(座位、房间等) without reservation毫无保留地,-3-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 The power of imagination need not be reserved _ children only. Could you reserve a hotel me in your city? The government is planning to set up more nature_ (reserve). I will call the restaurant and make a (reserve).,for,fo
3、r,reserves,reservation,-4-,高频词汇,难点句型,2.beyond prep.超出 adv.在远处 高考佳句 I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom. 我通过努力拿到了这个课程的A,并从中学到了在课堂之外也很受用的人生哲学。(2018全国卷,完形填空) beyond control无法控制 beyond words难以言表,无法形容 beyond compare无与伦比的 beyond midni
4、ght午夜以后 beyond sbs power某人力所不及的 beyond ones imagination/description超乎想象/无法描述 beyond belief/doubt令人难以置信/毫无疑问 beyond repair/reach无法修理/够不着 Its beyond me why/what.我无法理解为什么/什么,-5-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 ,though,further stress will only lead to exhaustion,illness and finally a breakdown. 然而,超过某一点,进一步的压力将只会导致疲惫、疾病
5、,最终导致崩溃。(2016上海卷,语法与词汇) So,always try to live a little bit and youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed. 所以,总是努力超越一点你的能力去生活你将会发现你的能力比你曾梦想的更大。 How a woman can know anything about that is . 一位女士竟然熟知那样的事情是我所不能理解的。,Beyond a certain point,beyond your abilities,beyond me,-6-,高频词汇,难点句型,写
6、作升级 It will make them wealthy,and it cant be imagined. 满分表达 It will make them wealthy _ imagination.(2018上海卷,阅读理解A篇),beyond,-7-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.claim vt.无资格得到 make a claim for对(赔偿等)提出要求,-8-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 At this point,no one had called (claim) the dog,so Ann decided to keep it. Doctors claimed (disco
7、ver)a cure for the disease. They had no claim the land,which was believed to be rich in oil.,to claim,to have discovered,on,-9-,高频词汇,难点句型,4.relevant adj.有关的;切题的 relevance n.相关,贴切,关联性 relevantly adv.有关地;切题地 高考佳句 Moreover,I completed the senior course of Computer Basics,plus five relevant pre-college
8、courses. 此外,我完成了计算机基础知识的高级课程,还有五门相关的大学前课程。(2016北京卷,阅读理解A篇) relevant information相关信息 relevant details相关细节 be relevant to和有关(=have sth to do with),-10-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 Now,I am writing to inform you of some .(2018全国卷,书面表达) 现在,我写信告诉你一些相关细节。 I dont think what he said the topic we are discussing. 我认为他所说的与
9、我们正在讨论的话题毫无关联。 We received all the . 我们收到了所有的相关信息。 写作升级 What experience do you have related to this position? 满分表达What experience do you have_ this position?,relevant details,is relevant to,relevant information,that/which is relevant to,-11-,高频词汇,难点句型,5.advocate vt.主张,提倡 n.提倡者,倡导者;拥护者 advocacy n.拥护
10、高考佳句 Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs.一些移民倡导者担心这一点,因为在艰难的财务时期使得当地人较难以保住工作。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) advocate that.(should)do sth主张,提倡 advocate doing sth提倡做某事 an advocate of/for sb/sth支持某人/某事的人,-12-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Dont expect him to
11、be advocate of the plan. The party advocates (take) measures to stop the strike. 单句改错 They advocated everyone would donate some money to the earthquake-stricken area.,an,taking,wouldshould或去掉would,-13-,高频词汇,难点句型,6.substitute n.代替者;代替品,代用品 vt.代替,取代 高考佳句 Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equi
12、pment with you,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. 不幸的是,你必须随身携带必要的设备,因为找到天然替代品几乎是不可能的。(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇) a substitute for.的代替者(品) substitute for sb/sth(用)代替;取代 substitute A for B/substitute B with/by A用A代替B,-14-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 If we substitute a number each letter,the message “
13、Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”.(2016全国卷,七选五) His father only saw him as a substitute his dead brother.,for,for,-15-,高频词汇,难点句型,7.threaten vt.威胁;预示;有的危险 threat n.威胁;恐吓;凶兆 高考佳句 It is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. 还很难说这是否将会对汉语语言造成威胁。 (1)threaten sb (with sth)扬言要(以某事)威胁
14、/恐吓 threaten to do sth威胁要干某事 threaten that.预示凶兆,有危险 (2)a threat to.对是一种威胁,-16-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also (threat) human life. The incident threatens (ruin) his chances in the election. Terrorism is a great threat the who
15、le world.,threatens,to ruin,to,-17-,高频词汇,难点句型,8.means n.方法,手段(单复数相同,做主语时谓语动词应根据其表示的意义来确定) 高考佳句 The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. 生活质量已经提高了,看电影被看作是一种好的娱乐方式。(2017江苏卷,书面表达) by all means尽一切办法;一定;务必;(表示答应)当然可以 by any means无论如何 by no means绝不;
16、一点也不(放在句首时句子应用部分倒装语序) by this means用这种方法 by means of用/依靠方法,-18-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will,perhaps,be able to find other means adapting.(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) The stone was lifted means of a rope. 写作升级 All the candidates should never use their calculatio
17、ns during the tests. 满分表达 all the candidates use their calculations during the tests.,of,by,By no means should,-19-,高频词汇,难点句型,9.adopt vt.采纳,采用;收养 adoption n.采纳,采用;收养 adopted adj.被收养的;被采用的 高考佳句 She had just been adopted by a family in town.她刚刚被镇上的一个人家收养。 adopt an approach/a policy/an attitude/a strat
18、egy采取方法/政策/态度/策略 adopt a child收养小孩,-20-,高频词汇,难点句型,用adopt的恰当形式填空 In recent years,however,young upper middle-class people in London,have begun some regional accents,in order to hide their class origins. The same cognitive(认知的)systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may
19、_ by adult scientists.(2016浙江卷,阅读理解C篇),to adopt,have been adopted,-21-,高频词汇,难点句型,10.refer to 提到;谈及;参考;查阅 reference n.提及;查阅 高考佳句 What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?第2段中的单词“headwinds”指什么?(2018浙江卷,阅读理解B篇) (1)refer to the dictionary/notes查字/词典/笔记 (2)a reference book 参考书 单句语法填空 For ex
20、ample,there are huge amounts of (refer) books which I am often confused to choose from.(2018江苏卷,书面表达),reference,-22-,高频词汇,难点句型,写出下列各句中refer to的意义 If,one week from the date of written notice,the pet is not removed,the student is referred to the Student Court.When I said someone was lazy,I didnt refer
21、 to you.Youre not allowed to refer to your notes when answering the questions.A great American,James Madison,referred to:“The capacity(能力)of mankind for self-government.”,提交,指的是,参考,查阅,提及,-23-,高频词汇,难点句型,写作升级 If I dont know a word in the article,can I look it up in a dictionary? 满分表达 If I dont know a
22、word in the article,can I_ a dictionary?,refer to,-24-,高频词汇,难点句型,11.look ahead 展望未来 教材原句 Looking ahead, scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century. 展望未来,科学家相信全球变暖将是21世纪面临的最大的环境问题之一。,-25-,高频词汇,难点句型,look back回顾 look around环顾 look i
23、nto调查 look out当心;向外看 look through浏览 look forward to期盼 look down on/upon轻视,看不起 look up to尊敬;仰慕 look up抬头看;查阅 look over检查(身体等),-26-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 She couldnt believe how long they let us without saying anything. 她不能相信他们什么也没说而让我们等了多久。(2018天津卷,阅读理解B篇) I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid_ di
24、rectly his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged. 我很快地弯下身,偏开头,避免直视他的眼睛,这样他就不会感到受到挑战。(2018全国卷,语法填空) ,I honestly dont know how she did it. 回首往事,老实说我不知道她是如何做的。(2016浙江卷,阅读理解D篇),look around,looking,into,Looking back,-27-,高频词汇,难点句型, something on the Internet,I dont need to keep all the details for future use.
25、 一旦我在网上查阅什么时,我就不必把所有的细节都保存下来以供将来使用。(2016江苏卷,任务型阅读) Two boys were lost and the police were_ the matter. 两名男孩走失,警察正在调查此事。 The kids were very friendly with her and even _ her as if she were their own mother. 孩子们对她很友好,甚至仰慕她,如同她是他们自己的妈妈。(2016上海卷,语法与词汇),Once I look up,were looking into,looked up to,-28-,高
26、频词汇,难点句型,12.in turn依次,轮流地;反过来 高考佳句 I wouldnt scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldnt expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. 我不会因决定在周末聚会而责骂人,反过来,我也不希望有人因关注我的健康而触怒我。 by turns轮流 take turns to do/doing sth轮流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth轮到某人做某事 词义精析 (1)i
27、n turn表示依次、转而、反过来; (2)in return 作为报答;作为交换(常和介词for连用)。,-29-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,_ can lead to violence. 笑着谈论那块三明治会导致侮辱,这反过来可能会导致暴力。 Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything . Axani在邮件中写到,他并不寻求任何回报。(2017全国卷,完形填空) ,however,this passage will h
28、elp you to think like an economist. 然而,作为回报,这段文章将帮助你像一位经济学家那样思考。 Theory is based on practice and serves practice. 理论以实践为基础,反过来又为实践服务。,which in turn,in return,In return,in turn,-30-,高频词汇,难点句型,13.on ones behalf 代表 高考佳句On behalf of our school,I would like to express our warm welcome to you. 我代表学校对你们表达我
29、们热烈的欢迎。 on ones behalf=on behalf of sb代表 in behalf of sb=in sbs behalf为帮助某人,-31-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 I, the Robotics Hobby Group,intend to invite you to join our team in the coming competition. 我代表机器人爱好集团,打算邀请您在即将到来的比赛中加入我们的团队。(2018天津卷,书面表达) We collected money the poor students. 我们为帮助贫困学生而募捐。,on behalf o
30、f,in behalf of,-32-,高频词汇,难点句型,写作升级 Id like to represent all my classmates to deliver a speech to express our appreciation to our teachers. 满分表达 all my classmates,Id like to deliver a speech to express our appreciation to our teachers.,On behalf of,-33-,高频词汇,难点句型,14.apart from 除了之外(和aside from意义用法均相同
31、) 高考佳句 Apart from good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. 除了良好的服务,这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。 take sth apart将拆开;拆分 tell.apart分辨出 fall apart破裂;断裂;散开,-34-,高频词汇,难点句型,词义精析 (1)except意为“除之外(没有)”,常用于排除同类事物(除去整体中的一部分),并用于表示绝对肯定或绝对否定的词之后,如no,none,nothing,all,any,everyone,everyt
32、hing等。其后可接名词、代词、介词短语,或that/what 等引导的从句。 (2)besides意为“除了之外(还有)”,包括排除的事物,另外,它也可用作副词而单独使用。 (3)except for常用于对整体进行肯定,对局部细节加以否定。 (4)apart from/aside from兼有besides,except(for)的意义和用法。,-35-,高频词汇,难点句型,用except,besides,except for和apart from/aside from填空 But through all this,Hannah still has the normal life of a
33、 Winnipeg schoolgirl, that she pays regular visits to homeless people.(2017北京卷,完形填空) All of the students went hiking last weekend Andy,who was ill in hospital. tickets,some jazz lovers will pay their fares to and from the events.(2018天津卷,任务型阅读) Everything went well the bad weather.,except,except/apa
34、rt from/aside from,Besides/Apart from/Aside from,except for/apart from/aside from,-36-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.Given this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(Page 6)根据这一数据判断,人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系似乎不仅仅只是一个巧合。 given that.句型 (1)句中given prep.“考虑到
35、,鉴于”。given后接表示事物性的名词(短语),并通常位于句首,也可置于句末,且常用逗号与其后面的句子隔开,整个介词短语在句中做状语。 (2)表示“考虑到”时,given后还可接that从句。同时,given做形容词时,表示“规定的”。 (3)类似地,considering(顾及;考虑到),according to(根据),concerning(关于)等均为介词。,-37-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm o
36、r later on school nights,even though they have to get up early. 根据一项由国际睡眠基金会进行的新的调查表明,51%10至18岁的儿童,即使他们必须早起,晚上也是在10点或更晚的时候睡觉。(2017浙江卷,阅读理解B篇) ,the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field. 如果有足够的时间和金钱,那些研究者早就能够发现这个领域更多的东西了。,According to,Given enough time and money,-38-,高频词汇,难点
37、句型,2.How can we stop these disasters from happening?(Page 6)我们如何才能阻止这些灾难的发生? stop.from doing sth句型 (1)句中stop.from doing表示“阻止做”,其中from可以省略。 (2)类似地,prevent sb (from)doing sth及keep sb from doing sth也表示“防止/阻止某人做某事”,但keep sb doing sth则表示“让某人继续做某事”。,-39-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 They didnt youngsters _ late.他们没有阻止年
38、轻人熬夜。(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) The processes take place to loaded with memories. 进行这些过程来阻止我们大脑承受记忆负担。(2017北京卷,七选五),stop,from staying up,stop our brains becoming,-40-,高频词汇,难点句型,Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to . Welch博士尽可能快地需要药物来阻止其他孩子生病。(2016北京卷,完形填空) Sure,I could have asked her,but somethings
39、o. 当然,我本可以问她,但有件事阻止我去问了。(2017天津卷,阅读理解B篇) 单句改错 Xu Beihongs paintings keep us from imagining.,stop other kids from getting sick,prevented me from doing,去掉from,-41-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.But why wait around for governments to take action?(Page 6)但是为什么要等着政府来采取行动呢? Why do.?句型 (1)Why do.?表示“为什么做呢?”,该句型在口语中很常用,其否定形式
40、为Why not do.?表示“为什么不做呢?” (2)how,where,when等疑问词没有why类似的用法,但它们可以和动词不定式连用,在句中充当一个成分,而why则没有此用法。,-42-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 The key to successful small talk is learning how_ (connect) with others,not just communicate with them.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) Why (bother)?We can stay at home and watch films online. But why
41、(start) now?(2016四川卷,阅读理解B篇) We debated over what (put) into the video. 写作升级 Here are four common email accidents,and how we can recover. 满分表达 Here are four common email accidents,and .(2017天津卷,阅读理解A篇),to connect,bother,not start,to put,how to recover,-43-,高频词汇,难点句型,4.One of the islands is home to a
42、 giant tortoise named Lonesome George.(Page 9)其中一个小岛是一个叫Lonesome George的巨龟的家园。 be home to句型 be home to.表示“是的家园,是的发祥地,是的居住地”,在home前不可用冠词。 单句语法填空 Without doubt,Qinghua University founded in 1911 is home_ many outstanding figures. 单句改错 The forest is a home to various wild animals,but now it has been de
43、stroyed.,to,去掉a,-44-,高频词汇,难点句型,5.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come.(Page 10)近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现,专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。 一段时间+have seen.句型 (1)“一段时间+have seen.”表示“(时间)见证了”,此处see也可用witness代替。 (2)此处的动词see使用的是拟人修辞手法。拟人修辞手法把事物人格化,使本来不具备人
44、的动作和感情的动物或植物变得像人一样能说能笑。 (3)英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子,主语通常是表示时间、地点、心爱之物等的名词,如车、船等。谓语则常是see,witness,find,make,bring,cause,give,experience等。,-45-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 The last thirty years great changes in China because of the Partys good policy. 由于中国共产党的好政策,过去的三十年见证了中国的巨大变化。 Another hours ride the foot of the hill. 再往
45、前驱车一小时,我们就可以到达山脚下了。,has seen/witnessed,will bring us to,-46-,1.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily (change).(2018全国卷,七选五) 2.Given his age,they allowed him to do some easy work.
46、 They are so (consider). 3.When he found his (calculate) was wrong,he stopped to think it over again. 4.A new tall building is now being built,and its_ (construct) will complete next year.,changeable/changed,considerate,calculation,construction,-47-,5.Because of his parents divorce,Jack and his brot
47、her live in different cities,and the (separate) made them in deep sorrow. 6.Then he became angry and (threat) that he would go to the police. 7.At times what happens in nature is really our control. 8.People choosing to stay on the island without any other means to earn living,had to fish. 9.He was an international grandmaster, meant I would be learning from one of the games best.(2018全国卷,完形填空) 10.The change of the climate also makes the earth warmer.turn,the warmth of the earth changes the climate,too.,
