1、Unit 21 Human Biology,-2-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.abuse vt.辱骂;滥用;虐待 n.滥用;虐待;辱骂,恶语 高考佳句 It dealt with issues such as drug abuse,violence and unemployment. 它处理诸如吸毒、暴力及失业等问题。 abuse ones position as.滥用的职务 abuse ones power滥用职权 abuse ones trust背信弃义 drug abuse/alcohol abuse吸毒/酗酒,-3-,高频词汇,难点句型,用abuse的恰当形式填空 The land is
2、 a living thing.It will hit back at you if you_ it. I never expected that he would the trust I placed in him.,abuse,abuse,-4-,高频词汇,难点句型,2.tolerate vt.容忍,忍受,宽恕;容许;能经受(困难) toleration n.忍受,宽容,容许 tolerable adj.可容忍的,可忍受的;过得去的 (in)tolerant adj.(不能)忍受的,(无法)容忍的 tolerance n.容忍;忍受,宽容;耐力 intolerance n.不能容忍 高考佳
3、句.such measures will become more a vehicle for in tolerance than integration. 这样的措施将变成并非是融合而是无法容忍的一种工具。(2017浙江卷,阅读理解C篇) tolerate+n.容忍 tolerate doing.容忍/容许做 tolerate sb/sbs doing容忍某人做 be (in)tolerant of/towards(不能)容忍,-5-,高频词汇,难点句型,用tolerate及其短语的恰当形式填空 In contemporary culture,physical expressions of a
4、nger are generally considered too socially harmful (tolerate). However,we cannot always be intolerant tardiness,for ordinary living requires some tolerance. It sometimes requires the reader (tolerate) unpleasantness or annoyance. 写作升级 Why?He shouted at you!How can you tolerate it? 满分表达 How can you t
5、olerate his (shout) at you?,to be tolerated,of/towards,to tolerate,shouting,-6-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.seek v.(sought,sought)寻求,请求;试图,设法;寻找,追求 seeker n.搜索者;探求者 高考佳句 One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter.我们组被要求和其服务员寻求互动。(2018全国卷,阅读理解D篇) seek help from sb向某人请求帮助 seek for寻求,寻找 seek ou
6、t找出,挑出 seek to do sth试图去做某事 seek ones advice向某人征求意见 seek ones fortune寻找出路,寻找发迹的机会,-7-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 When some refuse vaccination and (seek) a free ride,immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.(2017北京卷,阅读理解C篇) Besides,businesses seek (appeal) to customers senses. Your lives are
7、busy enough doing homework,playing sports,making friends, seeking your dreams.(2016四川卷,阅读理解B篇),seek,to appeal,after,-8-,高频词汇,难点句型,4.oppose v.反对;反抗,抵制 opposed adj.反对的;截然不同的 opposite adv.相对地,相反地;对面地 adj.相对的,对面的 prep.在对面 n.反义词,对立的事物 高考佳句 Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves wou
8、ld kill their farm animals or pets.许多农民反对这个计划,因为他们害怕狼会杀死他们的家畜或宠物。(2017全国卷,阅读理解C篇) oppose sth反对某事 oppose doing sth反对做某事 be opposed to(doing) sth 反对(做)某事,-9-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 I would certainly oppose (change) the system. .be patient to the people who are the complete_ (oppose) of that description.(201
9、6浙江卷,六选五) 写作升级 This is against the “early bird” schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. 满分表达 This the “early bird” schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.,changing,opposite,is opposed to,-10-,高频
10、词汇,难点句型,5.contradict vt.违反,违背;与(其他事物)相矛盾,相反;反驳,批驳 contradiction n.矛盾,不一致;反驳 contradictory adj.对立的,不一致的;相互矛盾的 高考佳句 But the information I got was rich and varied,or even contradictory.但我获得的信息丰富多样,甚至相互矛盾。(2018江苏卷,书面表达) contradict oneself 自相矛盾 in direct contradiction to与恰恰相反 单句语法填空 Your statements today
11、 are in direct contradiction what you said yesterday. The speaker had got confused,and started contradicting_ (he).,to,himself,-11-,高频词汇,难点句型,6.postpone vt.推迟,延期 postponement n. 延期; 延缓 高考佳句 Postponing the melting of the glaciers. 推迟了冰川的溶化。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) postpone sth to/until.把某事延迟/推迟到 postpone doi
12、ng sth推迟做某事,-12-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 The (postpone) of “adult activities” could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities.(2018上海卷,完形填空) They decided (postpone) their trip until next week,owing to the change of the weather. Lets postpone (make) a decision until we have more infor
13、mation.,postponement,to postpone,making,-13-,高频词汇,难点句型,7.prohibit vt.禁止;阻止,使不可能 prohibition n.禁止;禁令 高考佳句 The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California,including Los Angeles. 在加州大约90个城市,包括洛杉矶禁止这种包。(2018浙江卷,阅读理解B篇) prohibit sth禁止某事 prohibit doing sth禁止做某事 prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事,-1
14、4-,高频词汇,难点句型,用prohibit的恰当形式填空 The professor was deaf and any talking .(2017全国卷,完形填空) Please note that any items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life. In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law the killing of passenger pigeons. 单句语法填空 They prohibit (take) photos in the museum. 写作升级 They
15、 dont allow tractors to be driven in the town centre. 满分表达Tractors in the town centre.,was prohibited,prohibited,prohibiting,taking,are prohibited from driving,-15-,高频词汇,难点句型,8.rob vt.抢夺,剥夺;使丧失;抢劫 robbery n.抢劫,掠夺 robber n.抢劫者,强盗 高考佳句 But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it. 但是如果
16、你不做,它就可能会让你失去自信。 rob sb/a place抢劫某人/某处 rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物;剥夺某人某物;使某人失去某物 词义精析 (1)rob指公然用暴力抢劫他人的所有物,常用rob sb/sp.of sth表示“抢劫某人/某处某物”。 (2)steal意为“偷”,其宾语为偷的物品,常用steal sth from sb/sp.表示“从某人/某处偷某物”。 (3)pick用以指“扒窃”,宾语一般为pocket之类的词。,-16-,高频词汇,难点句型,用rob的恰当形式填空 Armed broke into the shop and demanded money fr
17、om the safe. Police are investigating a series of bank in South Wales. 用steal或pick的恰当形式填空 While shopping,Mrs Smith had her pocket . To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he couldthe money and paid for a place to stay in.,robbers,robberies,picked,have stolen,-17-,高频词汇,难点句型,9.decline v.下
18、降;婉拒 n.下降;减少 高考佳句 But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined,from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. 但是,阅读每个部分所花费的时间已经减少,从每个部分接近一个小时或更长时间到接近半个小时。(2018全国卷,阅读理解C篇) decline to/by.下降到/了 a sharp decline急剧下降 decline to do sth婉拒做某事 in decline(=on the decl
19、ine)下降,衰退 decline in/of sth在某方面减少/下降 fall/go into(a)decline开始衰落;陷入衰退,-18-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 But during the past decade (decline) rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops.(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) .encourage them to politely decline (do) things that they believe are wrong. Even this increase c
20、ould sink some islands,worsen drought and drive decline of up to a third in the number of species.(2016上海卷,阅读理解B篇) .there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids education that leads to declines their academic performance.,declining,to do,a,in/of,-19-,高频词汇,难点句型,10.submit vt.递交;提交;顺从;屈服;认
21、输 submission n.提交;投降;顺从 submissive adj.服从的;屈从的;恭顺的 高考佳句 You are free to submit the article elsewhere at the same time. 同时你可以自由地向其他地方提交你的文章。 submit sth (to sb)把某物递交(给某人) submit to服从于,屈从于;把提交给,向提出,-20-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 The girl didnt submit to (have) her freedom limited. Tomorrow is the last date for
22、(submit) of entries for the competition.,having,submission,-21-,高频词汇,难点句型,11.in vain 徒然;白费力气 高考佳句 And look in vain for scattered toys. 并且徒劳地去寻找乱扔的玩具。(2016上海卷,阅读理解) take sbs name in vain 滥用名义 完成句子 The pilot struggled to open the parachute. 那位飞行员努力打开降落伞却是徒劳。 As an inexperienced teacher,I tried every m
23、eans to get them to be quiet, . 作为一名经验不足的老师,我尝试了每一种方法让他们安静下来,但都无济于事。,in vain,but in vain,-22-,高频词汇,难点句型,12.due to 因为,由于;应归于 高考佳句 The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. 那儿由于全球变暖导致的冰川消失表明对农业的巨大威胁。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) due to,because of,thanks to和owing
24、 to均可表示“由于,因为”,经常可以换用,due to意为“由于”,一般不放在 句首。because of用以指出原因。thanks to既可表达正面意义(多亏、幸亏),又可表示讽刺意义。owing to则侧重于表示“由于,应归功于”。,-23-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often ones personal history and psychological traits. 一个人被某件事物触发而其他人则不会经常是由于个人的历史和心理特征。(2
25、018北京卷,七选五) Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless_ their wrong investment. 由于投资错误,Raynor Winn和她的丈夫Moth变得无家可归。(2018江苏卷,完形填空) The town was cut off from the rest of the world . 该镇由于大雪而和世界其他地方隔绝了。(2016北京卷,完形填空),due to,due to,due to heavy snow,-24-,高频词汇,难点句型,写作升级 Now that the chances of dying
26、young are much lower,the chances of living long are much higher because of better diets and health care. 满分表达 Now that the chances of dying young are much lower,the chances of living long are much higher better diets and health care.,due to,-25-,高频词汇,难点句型,13.wipe out 彻底毁灭;全部摧毁 高考佳句 Measles,which onc
27、e killed 450 children each year and disabled even more,was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine. 通过普遍使用麻疹疫苗,曾经每年造成450名儿童死亡,甚至更多人残疾的麻疹14年前在美国几乎被彻底消灭了。(2017北京卷,阅读理解C篇) wipe sth from/off sp.把从某处擦掉 wipe sth away sth擦净或擦掉某物 wipe ones eyes擦干眼泪 wipe sth
28、 clean/dry把擦干净/干,-26-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 “Honey,your basket is extra-special,” Mom said,gently wiping my hot tears.(2016浙江卷,阅读理解D篇) .an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe_ their habitat completely.,away,out,-27-,高频词汇,难点句型,1
29、4.at all costs 不管多大代价,无论如何 高考佳句 But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all costs. 但在我内心的某种东西无论如何都要爬那座山。(2018天津卷,阅读表达) at the cost of以为代价;丧失,牺牲 at a cost of以的费用/价格 at cost按成本 at no cost不花钱 at any cost=at all costs以任何代价,-28-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 After having taught fifth-grade classes f
30、or four years,I decided to try to rid them of their fear and dislike of books,and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously. 在教五年级四年后,我决定不惜一切代价尽量让他们摆脱对书的恐惧和厌恶,让他们更加经常更加爱冒险地去阅读。 We are growing wonderful tomatoes ! 我们正在不花钱而种植绝好的西红柿! 写作升级 Our country was out for peace at any price. 满分表达Our cou
31、ntry was out for peace .,at all costs,at no cost,at all costs,-29-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.Unfortunately,it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.(Page 34)不幸的是,很难抓住使用禁药的运动员。 Its+ adj.+for sb to do sth句型 该句是“Its+ adj.+to do sth”结构,表示“做是”,其中it为形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语为真正的主语。 (1)Its+ adj.+for sb to do sth结构中,做表
32、语的形容词表示不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有:easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,vital,possible等。 (2)Its+ adj.+of sb to do sth结构中,做表语的形容词表示其中sb的品行、性格或性质,常见的有:kind,nice,good,friendly,wise,careful,stupid,foolish,rude,unwise,clever等。,-30-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 to say that. 你对你妈妈说那话真是太无礼了。 单句语法填空 For children it is very,very d
33、ifficult (cope) with emotionally.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) .its much easier (excuse) yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are. 即使在解释你有多忙之后,如果你想让别人走出你的空间,还是没有给自己找个借口回去工作要容易得多。(2017全国卷,语法填空),Its rude of you,to cope,to excuse,-31-,
34、高频词汇,难点句型,2.Unless we are careful,“gene-therapy” will be the next big threat.(Page 34)除非我们小心翼翼,否则,“基因治疗”将会成为下一个重大威胁。 unless引导条件状语从句句型 (1)句中unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非,否则”,表示其后条件状语从句所表达的情况如果不发生,将发生主句的情况。unless可译作“如果不”,或“除非,否则”。 (2)当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语动词含有动词be时,从句主语和be可以省去。,-32-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Unless (invite
35、),I wont go to the ball. Unless more money (find),their company will soon close. you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.(2018江苏卷,单项填空) 写作升级 One cannot learn a language well if he doesnt work hard. 满分表达 One cannot learn a language well he
36、 hard.,invited,is found,Unless,unless,works,-33-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.In the future,athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.(Page 34)将来,基因发生改变的运动员可能在仅仅8秒内跑完100米,或在不到两小时的时间里跑完马拉松。 have sth done句型 句中have sth done常可表示
37、下面三个含义: (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事 (2)(主语)让某事被 (3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况,-34-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 They would have the medicine (send) by rail from Anchorage to Nenana.(2016北京卷,完形填空) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph_ (take).(2018天津卷,单项填空) While doing the shopping in the supermarket last weekend,I
38、 had my wallet (steal).,sent,taken,stolen,-35-,高频词汇,难点句型,4.The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(Page 34)人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。,-36-,高频词汇,难点句型,rather than句型 句中的rather than是并列连词,
39、该结构常用于平行结构中,连接相同的句子成分,即其两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。当其连接的部分用以说明主语时,谓语的人称和数应不受其影响,而和主语一致。含有rather than的句型常表示“宁愿做,而不愿做”,常见的有: (1)prefer to do sth rather than do sth (2)would do sth rather than do sth (3)would rather do sth than do sth 值得注意的是,would rather后面跟从句时应用虚拟语气形式,表示现在和将来情况应用过去时态(将来情况常含有情态动词),表示过去情况时应用过去完成时态。,
40、-37-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Bill,rather than you, (be) to blame for not finishing the work on time. I prefer to stay at home rather than (go) shopping with her. 完成句子 our energy,we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task. 我们得考虑去做365件不同的环保的事情,而不是回收和减少我们的能源,这不是容易的任务。,is,go,
41、Rather than recycle and reduce,-38-,1.As a friend,you should believe in him.In the meanwhile,he should be(faith)to you. 2.Residents living in the center of the city are strongly(oppose) to the project. 3.They were not provided adequate equipment.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) 4.All the passengers could be (tolera
42、te) of the young ladys babys making a noise,which showed their high quality. 5.The meeting is held (annual),but in different countries.,faithful,opposed,with,tolerant,annually,-39-,6.Police believe there are thousands of illegal guns in(circulate). 7.It is wrong (assume) arts groups cannot make a pr
43、ofit.(2018江苏卷,任务型阅读) 8.How kind our head teacher is!Every day she doesnt leave school she knows weve all been away. 9.I dont think its wise of young ladies to keep slim the cost of their health. 10.Freds brother got badly injured in the accident and went intocoma and died soon afterwards.,circulatio
44、n,to assume,unless,at,a,-40-,1.Food digesting in our stomach offers us calory.2.We are prohibited from reveal details about the candidates,so I can tell you nothing.3.Boys and girls,please remember under no circumstances we cheat in exams.4.David,stop fooling around.Its time to get down to go over y
45、our lessons.,digestingdigested revealrevealing we前加上should/do/can gogoing,-41-,5.The nurse catered my every need,which helped me recover very soon.6.Many people jumped into the river,trying to save the drowning boy,but in the vain.7.All of us should be grateful to our parents who try their best to b
46、ring us out.8.The journalists interviewed people in the street for random.9.Many graduates went to the south to seek employment.,catered后加to 去掉vain前的the outup forat seek后加上for,-42-,10.The suspects words were completely in contradiction of what the witness said.,ofto,-43-,完成下面4个句子,然后通过合理想象整合成一篇短文。 1.随着我们在学校的生活越来越忙碌,我们的健康已变得令人担忧。 With our life in school ,our health has become a cause . 2.第二,不要再编站不住脚的借口,报怨没有时间锻炼。 Second,stop about having no time to exercise. 3.我们有时能以好的故事或有趣的电影款待自己,因为积极的情绪对我们的健康有好的影响。 We can a good story or an interesting movie sometimes,for positive emotions will our health.,
