1、Unit 11 The Media,-2-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.demand vt.要求,请求 n.需要,需求 demanding adj.要求高的 高考佳句 Arts activity demands a joint effort. 艺术活动需要共同努力。(2018江苏卷,任务型阅读) demand to do sth要求做某事 demand that.要求 in demand有需要,受欢迎 on demand一经要求 make demands on/of对提出要求 demand for需要,-3-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 So instead of eating a piec
2、e of yesterdays bread from the supermarket,youd eat something baked just for you _ demand.(2018天津卷,阅读理解C篇) In America the demand oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.(2018浙江卷,阅读理解C篇) Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant (移民) population by (demand) lang
3、uage skills in exchange for work permits,or in some cases,citizenship.(2017浙江卷,阅读理解C篇),on,for,demanding,-4-,高频词汇,难点句型,2.announce vt.宣布,宣告 announcement n.宣布,公告,告知,声明 announcer n.宣布者,播音员 高考佳句 I suddenly heard the head coach announcing,“The highest honor goes to Cathy!” 我突然听到主教练宣布:“最高荣誉归凯茜!”(2016天津卷,完形
4、填空) announce sth(to sb)(向某人)宣布某事 announce that.宣布 词义精析 (1)announce指正式地“公开,发表,宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心和感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。 (2)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布,宣告,声明”,侧重“公开”发表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。declare后可跟复合结构。,-5-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 He said the lucky woman (announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.(2017全国卷,完形填空
5、) She announced her family of four,“Thats what were going to do for our spring break!” The public were shocked by the (announce) that the mayor was resigning. 选用announce或declare的恰当形式填空 That country war on France in 1914.,will be announced,to,announcement,declared,-6-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.arise vi.发生,出现;起身,起立
6、 高考佳句Its the easiest thing in the world to miscalculate how long itll take to do all the work especially when new issues arise. 尤其是有新情况出现时,误判把所有工作都完成要花多久是世界上最容易的事。 sth arises出现了某事 arise from/out of由产生,-7-,高频词汇,难点句型,词义精析,-8-,高频词汇,难点句型,用arise,arouse,rise或raise的恰当形式填空 Standing on the hill,we saw smoke
7、down in the village. Several new companies in our village last year. Many people are watching the soldiers the national flag. He fell into a sound sleep.Dont him.,rising,arose,raising,arouse,-9-,高频词汇,难点句型,4.blame vt.责怪,谴责,归咎于 n.责任;责备 高考佳句Some social app companies were to blame because they didnt ade
8、quately check their users registration. 一些社交应用程序公司应该受到指责,因为他们没有充分检查用户的注册。(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) blame sb for sth/doing sth因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 be to blame(for)应(为)承担责任;该(为)受责备(此处不能用被动语态) blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人 put/lay the blame for sth on sb将某事归咎于某人 accept/bear/take the blame for sth对某事负责任,-10-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句
9、语法填空 Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame the alarm clock.(2017全国卷,七选五) The House of Commons Science and Technology Committees report,released last week,has blamed firms making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts.(2016上海卷,阅读理解) Still others lay t
10、he blame the Americans. 写作升级 To be honest,it was Sus fault but Li should also be blamed. 满分表达 To be honest,it was Sus fault but Li .,on,for,on,was also to blame,-11-,高频词汇,难点句型,5.employ vt.雇用;聘请;使忙于;使从事于 employer n.雇主 employee n.雇员 unemployed adj.失业的 employment n.雇用 unemployment n.失业 高考佳句 Bertocchini
11、 agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.Bertocchini同意并希望她团队的发现也许有一天有助于使用这种酶来分解垃圾填埋场中的塑料。(2018北京卷,阅读理解C篇),-12-,高频词汇,难点句型,employ sb in doing sth=employ sb to do sth雇用某人做某事 employ sb as雇用某人为 employ sth to do sth利用某物做某事 employ oneself
12、 in(doing)sth从事于/忙于(做)某事 be employed in(doing)sth从事于/忙于(做)某事 be employed to do sth受雇做某事,-13-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition,arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time_ (employ) or independent contractors.(2018江苏卷,任务型阅读) In the Middle
13、Ages,merchants employed “town criers”_ (read) public messages aloud to promote their goods. At that time,he was employed an English teacher in a private school. 写作升级 She has been busy making preparations for the press conference all morning. 满分表达 She preparations for the press conference all morning
14、.,employees,to read,as,has been employed in making,-14-,高频词汇,难点句型,6.attempt vt.& n.尝试,试图 高考佳句 The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles. 该提议试图处理一些所谓的无人驾驶汽车的死亡谷。(2017天津卷,阅读理解C篇) attempt sth尝试某事 attempt to do sth试图做某事 make an(no)attempt to do/at doing
15、sth(不)尝试做某事 in an attempt to do sth试图做某事 at the first attempt第一次尝试,-15-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Therefore attempts may be made (fill) every gap (间隙) with conversation.(2016全国卷,阅读理解D篇) It is attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. 写作升级 The monkey climbed onto the ladder,attempting to reach the apple.
16、满分表达 The monkey climbed onto the ladder,_ to reach the apple.,to fill,an,in an attempt,-16-,高频词汇,难点句型,7.defend vt.保卫,防御;辩解,辩护 defence n.防卫,防卫设备,辩护 defensive adj.防御的,防卫的 高考佳句 What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.更有意思的是,斯坦因的一
17、项工作是捍卫塑料购物袋背后的产业。(2018浙江卷,阅读理解B篇) defend sb/sth保护某人/某物 defend against/from保卫;抵抗 in defence of保卫;为辩护,-17-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 They help the body defend itself some kinds of infections.(2016四川卷,七选五) The traveler may fire at a wild beast (defend)himself in case he is attacked. You are said to have shot fl
18、aming arrows at the citys_ (defend) building,setting it on fire.(2018上海卷,听力) 写作升级 Is there any man unwilling to fight to defend his country? 满分表达Is there any man unwilling to fight_ his country?,against/from,to defend,defensive,in defence of,-18-,高频词汇,难点句型,8.pretend vt.假装;装作 高考佳句 I had been lying to
19、 myself,pretending that everything was fine.我一直自欺欺人,假装万事大吉。 pretend to do sth假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth假装已经做了某事 pretend that.假称 pretend to be.假称是,-19-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 The boy pretended (sleep) when his mother entered the room. 单句改错 He would ask who we were and pre
20、tend not to knowing us.(2016浙江卷,短文改错),to be sleeping,knowingknow,-20-,高频词汇,难点句型,9.respect vt.尊敬,尊重 n.尊敬,敬重;敬意;方面 respectful adj.尊敬的;有礼貌的;谦恭的 respective adj.分别的;各自的 respectable adj.值得尊敬的 disrespectful adj.无礼的,不敬重的 高考佳句 In still another use,persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respe
21、ct. 还有,在另一个使用中,亚洲文化也许把沉默看作是尊敬的象征。(2016全国卷,阅读理解D篇),-21-,高频词汇,难点句型,respect sb for(doing)sth因(做)某事而尊重某人 show respect for sb对某人表示尊敬 with respect to关于,至于,就而言 with respect尊重地 win/earn the respect of赢得某人的尊重 in respect of在方面 in this respect在这方面,-22-,高频词汇,难点句型,用respect或其短语恰当形式填空 Let them know that you are th
22、ere to help in any way that is acceptable,while still the privacy of your neighbor.(2018浙江卷,七选五) I want to prove that I can teach myself a _ profession,without going to college.(2016北京卷,阅读理解A篇) We were of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.(2017全国卷,阅读理解B篇),re
23、specting,respectful,respectful,-23-,高频词汇,难点句型,10.approach v.靠近,接近;着手处理,对付 n.方法,方式;靠近;道路,入口 高考佳句 As you approach people,be polite. 当你走近别人时,要有礼貌。(2017浙江卷,七选五) at the approach of在即将来临时 make an approach to对进行探讨;走近,向靠近 approach to (doing) sth接近;的方法,-24-,高频词汇,难点句型,用approach或其短语的恰当形式填空 As the end of school
24、 ,and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead,parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.(2018全国卷,阅读理解 C篇) the vehicle,they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.(2016全国卷,完形填空) 写作升级 Wh
25、en the storm approaches,large numbers of insects fly in the sky. 满分表达 the storm,large numbers of insects fly in the sky.,approaches,Approaching,At the approach of,-25-,高频词汇,难点句型,11.consideration n.考虑;(做计划或决定时)必须考虑的事;考虑周到,体谅,顾及 consider v.考虑;认为 considerate adj.体贴的;考虑周到的 高考佳句 Successful product design
26、 takes into consideration a products function,purpose,shape,form,color,and so on. 成功的产品设计考虑一个产品的功能、目的、形状、形式、颜色等等。(2016上海卷,语法和词汇) (1)out of consideration for.出于对的考虑 under consideration在考虑中 take.into consideration考虑 (2)consider doing sth考虑做某事,-26-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Being a good neighbor is more or less
27、 about _ (consider) behavior.(2018浙江卷,七选五) And consider (set) a second alarm.(2017全国卷,七选五) As early as 1966,biologists asked the government_ (consider) reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.(2017全国卷,阅读理解C篇) It is necessary for us to think of others and be_ (consider) to them.,considerate,setting,
28、to consider,considerate,-27-,高频词汇,难点句型,12.conclude vt.做出结论;结束;结束时说 conclusion n.结论,断案,结尾 高考佳句 It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about bad tables.可以得出结论,餐馆老板不必“过分关注“坏”桌子。 (2018江苏卷,阅读理解B篇) (1)conclude sth with sth以结束 conclude from sth that.从中得出/推断出 (2)draw/come
29、to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion最后,总之,-28-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded_ if simplicity is done badly,the result is soulless design.(2016上海卷,语法和词汇) We can conclude the results that the experiment was a failure. 写作升级 Finally,I would like to say
30、 how much I have enjoyed myself today. 满分表达 ,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.,that,from,In conclusion,-29-,高频词汇,难点句型,13.stand for 代表,支持,忍受(某事情) 高考佳句 With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.借助密码本,你可以写下代替其他词的词。(2016全国卷,七选五) stand in (for sb
31、) 代替;顶替(某人) stand by支持;袖手旁观;遵守(诺言等) stand out突出;显眼 stand over sb监视某人 stand up to sb勇敢地反对某人 stand up for 坚持;拥护;支持;捍卫,-30-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up_ me.(2017全国卷,阅读理解B篇) In China,these knots stand friendship,love and
32、good luck.,for,for,-31-,高频词汇,难点句型,14.in favour of支持,赞同 高考佳句 The residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms.居民们赞成扩大风电场。 in ones favour有利于某人 do sb a favour=do a favour for sb帮某人的忙 ask a favour of sb请某人帮个忙 owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情,-32-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 We equal pay for equal work. 我们都赞成同工同酬。 写作升
33、级 The majority of the people at the meeting were for the reform in the law. 满分表达The majority of the people at the meeting werethe reform in the law.,are all in favour of,in favour of,-33-,高频词汇,难点句型,15.consist of 由组成 高考佳句 The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture,colored glass,and
34、 precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century. 广泛的收藏品包括雕塑、彩色玻璃和来自欧洲的大约可以追溯到9世纪到15世纪的珍贵物品。(2018江苏卷,阅读理解 A篇) (1)consist of=be made up of=be composed of由组成 consist in=lie in存在于,在于 (2)consistent adj.一致的;持续的 be consistent with与一致 be consistent in在方面一致,-34-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 M
35、ost are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems(consist)of heat detectors,smoke detectors and sprinklers.(2018天津卷,阅读理解A篇) Success consists the ability to continue efforts through failures. 单句改错 Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consiste
36、d of sand.,consisting,in,consistedconsisting,-35-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.AIDS is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.(Page 22)艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题,所以性教育和保健管理非常重要。 “of+抽象名词”结构 (1)“of+抽象名词”相当于一个和该名词对应的形容词。有类似用法的有:of importance=important;of value=valu
37、able;of no use=useless;of significance=significant;of benefit=beneficial等。 (2)该结构在句中常做表语、定语或宾语补足语,说明事物的性质或状态。 (3)此结构还常用于:of (+different,the same,similar等) +名词(colour,kind,type,sort,shape,size,age,date,width,depth,weight,height,length,quality,character,feature等)。,-36-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 Working out regul
38、arly is your health. 经常锻炼对你的健康十分有益。 The twins rooms are . 那对双胞胎的房间一样大。 The shopkeeper claimed that the goods in his store were . 店主声称他店里的商品质量好。,of great benefit to,of the same size,of good quality,写作升级 The advice the expert offered us last Friday is very valuable to our study. 满分表达 The advice the ex
39、pert offered us last Friday is our study.,of great value to,-37-,高频词汇,难点句型,2.Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts.(Page 22)人们坚信,这是使许多非洲国家摆脱痛苦的过去的唯一的出路。 that 引导表语从句句型 (1)Their belief is that.“他们的信念是”,其中that引导的是一个表语从句。 (2)表语从句可以由多个关系词引导,如whe
40、ther,how,why,when,where,that,what,because,as if等,除了that外,其他的关系词在从句中都有一定的意义。 (3)引导表语从句时that在从句中不表示任何意思,但也不可省略。,-38-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 But good news is therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.(2018全国卷,七选五)
41、 One idea is sleep helps us strengthen new memories.(2017北京卷,七选五) And now when I look at it,I think her presence in the photo is_ makes the image interesting.(2017天津卷,阅读理解B篇) 单句改错 This is that my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018北京卷,单项填空),that,that,what,that
42、what,-39-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are.(Page 26)有些广告中含有一些图片或专家说的话,告诉人们该产品如何好。 常用主动表示被动意义句型 consist of在句中应用主动结构表示被动含义。下面的短语也常用主动表示被动意义:,-40-,高频词汇,难点句型,break out爆发 date back to=date from追溯到 run out用完 come out出版 tak
43、e place发生 get across to被理解 come about发生 come into being形成 come true实现 belong to属于,-41-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Her friends came to help her when the war _ (break)out.(2017浙江卷,完形填空) Think of the people who (belong) to book groups.(2016全国卷,阅读理解C篇) 单句改错 She has a mental toughness that was not come about by ch
44、ance.(2016江苏卷,阅读理解D篇),broke,belong,wasdid,-42-,高频词汇,难点句型,4.We should do everything we can to stop this airport.(Page 30) 我们应该尽力来阻止这个机场。 do everything sb can句型 (1)we should do everything we can to do.表示“我们应该尽力做来”。句中we can是一个定语从句,修饰everything,引导词that省略了,而定语从句中省去了动词do。 (2)该句式也可改为We should do what we ca
45、n to do.,-43-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 Everybody should do to protect the environment. 每个人都应竭尽所能保护环境。 写作升级 The doctors did everything they could to save the girl. 满分表达 The doctors did to save the girl.,everything/what he can,what they could,1.Join us as actress Tina Chen recounts the fascinating story of thre
46、e generations of her mothers family and their to the history of China. 2.I was (delight) at the presence of such a student.(2016全国卷,阅读理解B篇) 3.Gases given off by the factory must be made (harm). 4.Facing the high rate of (employ)all the staff are trying their best to make more profits for their compa
47、nies to avoid being fired. 5.Workers are (respect).Bosses should also treat them equally and kindly.,-44-,contributions,delighted,harmless,unemployment,respectable,-45-,6.Our company has been determined to promote their newly-designed project on the (advertise) page of the local evening paper. 7.The
48、 workers demands higher pay were refused by the employers. 8.The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how (live) more with less.(2018全国卷,阅读理解D篇) 9.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate inordinary and astonishing ways.(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) 10.College is you meet your bridesmaids,groomsmen,neighbors,and potential bosses.(2016浙江卷,六选五),
