1、Unit 4 Helping people around the world,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,达标检测,Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage,语法专题,基础自测,.重点单词 1. adj.可供替代的；n.可供选择的事物 2. adj.偏远的，偏僻的 .重点短语 1.aim sth. 想要做某事，立志要做某事 2.make good preparations .为做好准备 3.force sb. sth. /force sb. doing sth. 强迫某人做某事 4.thanks 幸亏；由于,alternative,remote,to
2、 do,for,to do,into,to,.重点句式 1.which引导非限制性定语从句 These include：the Universal Postal Union， makes sure we can send and receive post to and from every part of the world；. 这些(机构)包括“万国邮政联盟”，这能保证我们在世界的每一个地方都能收发邮件；,which,2.would rather从句 I would rather you me about it. 我宁愿你没告诉过我这件事。 3.If only.要是就好了。there wer
3、e more people donating money to charities! 要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！,If only,hadnt told,要点探究,If I had taken an alternative path and studied medicine，I would have known a lot of medical knowledge. 如果我走上了另外一条道路去学医，我会知道很多医学知识。,重点词汇,(1)alternative adj.可供替代的；n.可供选择的事物 an alternative to.的替代品 have no alternative
4、but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 There is no alternative.别无选择 (2)alternatively adj.或者；两者择一地,(1)His idea is an alternative to the original plan. 他的主张是原计划的备选。 (2)If you want to stand out， but hard work. 你如果想脱颖而出，除了努力工作没有别的选择。,there is no alternative,单项填空 (3)China may as well keep its growth rate above 7 perce
5、nt. ，the rate may be set between 6 to 7 percent，for the sake of a healthy environment. A.Differently B.Alternatively C.Accordingly D.Conversely,解析,答案,解析 句意为：中国还是将增长率保持在7%以上为好，为了一个健康的环境，或者这个比率可以设置在6%到7%之间。differently不同地，相异地；alternatively或者，二者择一地，要不然；accordingly因此，依据；conversely相反地，反之。故选B。,If only ther
6、e were more people donating money to charities！要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！,if only为连接性短语，常引导虚拟语气的感叹句或状语从句，表示愿望或未实现的条件。表达的愿望与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成时；表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，用“would/could动词原形”。,经典句式,(1)If only I hadnt been so careless in the exam! 要是我当时在考试中没有那么粗心就好了！ (2)If only they me what th
7、ey have decided.但愿他们能把决定了的事告诉我。,would/could tell,易混辨析 if only，only if if only但愿，要是就好了，常引导虚拟语气的条件句、感叹句。 only if只要，只有，引导陈述语气的真实条件从句。,解析,答案,解析 根据语境可知，这是与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词应用过去完成时，故选B项。,单项填空 (3)It was a pity that you missed the famous star yesterday. If only I to my hometown! A.didnt return B.hadnt returned
8、 C.shouldnt return D.wouldnt return,达标检测,.词形变换 1.The UN is an important (organize) that helps many people around the world. 2.As we all know，China and India are both (develop) countries. 3.The project is to promote (culture) development and protect the heritages. 4.For most of us，it is a (challenge)
9、 task to finish it in two days. 5.Employees make regular (donate) to charity.,organization,developing,challenging,donations,cultural,.完成句子 6.我要是有一个像你这样的姐姐该多好！I a sister like you! 7.如果我们不能及时完成这个计划怎么办？we the plan in time? 8.有人建议我们举行一次演讲比赛。 It is suggested that we a speech contest. 9.他别无选择只有等待。 He had
10、no alternative but . 10.我宁愿你现在对我讲真话。 I would rather you now.,If only had,What if could not fulfill,(should) hold,to wait,told me the truth,.单项填空 11.Our teachers are always serving the students wholeheartedly，_ their personal gain or loss. A.regardless of B.in favor of C.thanks to D.with regard to,解析
11、,答案,解析 句意为：我们的老师总是全身心地为学生服务，不管他们个人的得与失。regardless of 不管；in favor of 支持；thanks to 多亏了；with regard to关于。由句意可知选A项。,12.I wonder if you are satisfied with my proposal. But I prefer to see an one before making a decision. A.alternative B.another C.other D.others,解析,答案,解析 根据句子意思可知回答者希望能有可供选择的提议再做决定，可与one搭配
12、的只有alternative。another前不需要冠词。,13.Any information about your son? No.If only I those tough words to him. A.didnt say B.hadnt said C.shouldnt have said D.couldnt have said,解析,答案,解析 答句句意为：没有。要是我没有对他说那些严厉的话就好了。if only要是就好了。句意表达的是和过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成时。,14.One may never know the of knowledge without being ed
13、ucated. A.power B.force C.energy D.strength,解析,答案,解析 the power of knowledge知识的力量。force主要指“外力”；energy精力，能量；strength(人的)力量，(物的)强度。,15.Im determined to get a seat for the concert it means standing in a queue all night. A.as though B.even if C.in case D.so that,解析,答案,解析 as though仿佛，好像；even if即使，虽然；in ca
14、se万一，如果；so that因此，为了。句意为：我决心得到一个音乐会的座位，即使这意味着整夜排队。,语法专题,语法感知,虚拟语气（）,用所给词的适当形式填空 1.He is too busy now；otherwise he (help) you with your English. 2.But for your timely warning，we (get) into great trouble. You know were friends. 3.I failed in the maths exam.How I wish I (not，waste) so much time playing
15、!,would help,would have got,hadnt wasted,4.If only I (know) his telephone number yesterday! 5.He insisted that we (punish) the boy. 6.It is ordered that the doctors (send) to the area at once. 7.The doctors suggestion is that I (lose) weight. 8.Id rather you (stay) here today. 9.I (come) to the part
16、y last night，but I had an unexp-ected visitor then. 10.It is necessary that the old (examine) once a year.,had known,(should) punish,(should) lose,stayed,(should) be sent,would have come,(should) be examined,语法精析,一、错综时间条件句 在这种条件句中，虚拟条件句即条件从句和主句所指时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词时态。 If I were yo
17、u，I wouldnt have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那场电影。 If they had started in the early morning，they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们一大早就出发，再过半小时就该到了。,二、含蓄条件句 不是用条件句而是由介词或介词短语(without.，but for.)，连词(but)，副词(otherwise)或上下文等表示某种假设的情况。 Without electricity(If there were no electricity)，life wo
18、uld be quite different today. 如果没有电，生活就和现在的非常不一样了。 I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 那天我病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。,三、虚拟语气在as if/though，if only后的从句中的应用 1.as if/though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句表示与事实相反的情况时也用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用“would/should/could/might
19、动词原形”。 The young man with long hair walks as if he were a small girl. 留长发的那个小伙子走起路来就像个小姑娘。 2.if only表示“要是就好了”，其后虚拟语气的用法见前面“经典句式”中讲的。 If only I had come to the party yesterday. 如果昨天我来参加晚会就好了。,四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1.表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词insist，demand，require，request，propose，suggest，command，order等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(
20、should)动词原形”。 He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。,注意：suggest意为“暗示，表明”；insist意为“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句中应用陈述语气。 The look on his face suggested he was upset. 他脸上的表情表明他很沮丧。 He insisted that he was right. 他坚持说他是对的。,2.在wish后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反；用“could
21、/would动词原形”表示与将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 I wish I were 30 years younger. 我真希望自己能年轻三十岁。 I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 我真希望有一天我能飞到月球上。 3.在would rather后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。 Id rather we had a rest now. 我希望我们现在休息一下。,五、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 1.“Itis形容词that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语
22、气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should动词原形”。 用于本句型的形容词有：necessary，important，surprising，strange，shocking，natural，essential，reserved，urgent，impossible 等；还有与表示提议、要求、命令等动词有关的形容词，如desirable(desire)，urgent(urge)，advisable(advise)，preferable(prefer)等。 It is necessary that he (should) listen to the radio frequently.他很有必要常听收
23、音机。,It is impossible that they (should) feel uncomfortable to live with us. 他们跟我们住在一起不舒服，这不可能。 2.“Itis过去分词that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should动词原形”。 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。 It has been suggested that the meet
24、ing (should) be put off.有人建议推迟会议。 It is required that you (should) wear proper suits to take part in the party. 参加这个晚会要着装适当，这是规定。,六、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用 虚拟语气在表示说话人的愿望(desire)，建议(suggestion，advice)，要求(requirement，demand)，命令(order，command)等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，即从句谓语动词用“(should)do”。 Our suggestion is that y
25、ou (should) be there on time. 我们的建议是你应该按时到那儿。 What do you think of his suggestion that we (should) put on a play? 他建议我们演一出剧，你觉得怎样？,高考链接,1.Do you have Bettys phone number? Yes.Otherwise，I able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津，15) A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have been C.werent D.wouldnt be,解析,答案,解析 考查虚拟语气。句意
26、为：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选B项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I as well as her.(2015陕西，23) A.dance B.will dance C.had danced D.danced,解析,答案,解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！I wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。由语境可知
27、，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词用过去时，选D项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,3.I wish I at my sisters wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.(2015天津，13) A.will be B.would be C.have been D.had been,解析,答案,解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；由I was on a business trip.可知是
28、对过去发生过的事情的虚拟，故要用过去完成时。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,4.Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015重庆，7) A.didnt write B.hadnt written C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have written,解析,答案,解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了，武器。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句部
29、分用would/could/should/mighthave done，故D项正确。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,5.It is lucky we booked a room，or we nowhere to stay now. (2015安徽，32) A.had B.had had C.would have D.would have had,解析,答案,解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用“would动词原形”，故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,6.Th
30、ey were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they to our help.(2014浙江，16) A.would have come B.could come C.have come D.had come,解析,答案,解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：我们进行调研的那几个月他们出国了，要不然的话，他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知，此处是隐含的虚拟条件句，or相当于if they hadnt been abroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的情况，因此这里谓语动词用would
31、 have done，故A项正确。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,7.We would rather our daughter at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(2014陕西，23) A.would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stay,解析,答案,解析 考查虚拟语气。would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用“had过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。根据后一句中的is可知，此处动词应用过去式，故选C项
32、。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,8.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ it？(2014重庆，13) A.had done B.have done C.did D.am doing,解析,答案,解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：是John打坏了窗户。为什么你说得好像是我打坏的似的？题中broke表示“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if/though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9.Eye doctors re
33、commend that a childs first eye exam at the age of six months old.(2013浙江，8) A.was B.be C.were D.is,解析,答案,解析 recommend建议，其后常接that 引导的宾语从句，而宾语从句中要用sb. should do或者sth. should be done的形式，should常可省略。故本题应选B项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10.I to my cousins birthday party last night，but I was not available.(2013安
34、徽，28) A.went B.had gone C.would go D.would have gone,解析,答案,解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：昨天晚上我本来要去我表弟的生日晚会，但是我没空。would do表示对将来或现在的假设；would have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。but后面是实际情况，而前面则是虚拟语气，故答案为D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.If I had taken your advice，I (be) in such trouble. 2.Without your financial support
35、，they (overcome) the setbacks. 3.If only I (take) my mothers advice last night! 4.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students (give) two weeks to prepare for the exam. 5.He insisted that they (show) him their passports. 6.The last chance has been lost.How he wishes he (have) one more!,达标检
36、测,wouldnt be,wouldnt have overcome,had taken,(should) be given,(should) show,could/would have,.句型转换 7.If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.just now，you would be better now. 8.If you hadnt helped us，we wouldnt have finished the work on time.，we wouldnt have finished the work
37、 on time. 9.I was ill yesterday.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the meeting. I was ill yesterday. ，I would have taken part in the meeting.,Had you followed my advice,But for your help,If I hadnt been ill,10.It is important for us to learn English well. It is important that . 11.The police deman
38、ded us to leave the building at once. The police demanded that at once.,we should learn English well,we should leave the building,.单项填空 12.Why didnt you call me then? Oh，my cellphone was power off.I you otherwise. A.would call B.had called C.have called D.would have called,解析,答案,解析 句意为：为什么当时你不给我打电话？
39、哦，我的手机没电了。否则的话我会给你打的。此处相当于if条件状语从句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would/should/could/mighthave过去分词，指如果我的手机当时有电的话我会给你打的。故选D项。,13.But for the survival instinct that nearly all creatures have，more species from the earth.(2018无锡高二检测) A.could disappear B.might have disappeared C.should disappear D.will have disappeared
40、,解析,答案,解析 句意为：如果不是几乎所有物种都具备的生存本能，更多的物种可能已经从地球上消失了。根据句意可知，此句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，故选B项。,14.Its too bad that my computer has got a new virus.If only I that programme！(2018南通如东高二检测) A.didnt run B.havent run C.hadnt run D.wouldnt run,解析,答案,解析 句意为：真糟糕我的电脑中了新的病毒。要是我没有运行那个程序就好了！此处表示与过去的事实相反，所以用过去完成时态，故选C项。,
41、15.Their requirement that he one years experience is reasonable. (2018徐州高二检测) A.had B.has C.have D.would have,解析,答案,解析 句意为：他们要求他有一年的工作经验是有理由的。requirement后边用that引导同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用should动词原形，should可以省略，故选C。,16.If I my umbrella with me when I came out this morning，I wet now. A.had taken；should not be B.have taken；am not C.took；should not be D.had taken；cant be,解析,答案,解析 题干为错综时间条件句，条件从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语形式为had done；主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，故主句谓语形式为“should/could/would/might动词原形”，故A项正确。,
