1、2024-2025学年八年级上学期英语期中复习Unit1-unit4期中语法知识点复习U1形容词比较级和最高级形容词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。一、比较级和最高级的用法当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示“较”，“更一些”，“比更”。My cousin is taller than I am当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们会用形容词的最高级，表示“最”，最高级前通常要加定冠词the。This is the most interesting story in the book二、形容词比较级和最高级的构成方法规则变化构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-est
2、newlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e 结尾的词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y” 结尾的词变y为i再加-er或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinhotterthinnerhottestthinnest多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 mostusefulmore usefulmost useful不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）adj. / well（健康
3、的）adv.betterbestbad（坏的）/ ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/ elderoldest / eldestmuch / many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther/ furtherfarthest / furthest三、形容词比较级常见于以下句式1比较级+thanA computer is more expensive than a TV set2WhichWho+比较级，or?”Who is taller，Tom or Jim?3在比较级前加上a little、much、even、sti
4、ll等词来表示程度China is much larger than Japan4比较级+and+比较级或more and more+原级表示“越来越.”Our country is becoming stronger and strongerShe looks more and more beautiful.5the+比较级(+主+谓)，the+比较级(+主+谓) 表示“越，越”The busier I am, the happier I shall feel6比较级+than any other+单数名词表示“比任何其他的都”This camera is more expensive th
5、an any other camera in the shop7the+比较级+of the two表示“两者中较的那个”She is the taller of the two四、形容词最高级常见于以下句式1用“形容词性物主代词+最高级”的结构来表示某人或某物的“最”。Peter is his oldest son注意：此时形容词的最高级前不需要定冠词the。2用“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构来表示在某一范围内“最”，当句子的主语与介词后的部分属于同一概念或类别时，常用介词of或among,而当主语属于介词后的某一范围、场所时，常用in。The World Cup is the most
6、 exciting game of allJay Chou is the most popular singer in Taiwan3用“one of the+最高级+名词复数”的结构来表示“最之一”。Miss Gao is one of the best teachers in our school4用“the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+in+范围”的结构来表示“第最”。The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country5用“WhichWho is the+最高级，A，B or C?”的结构来表示“三者或三者以上之中，哪个或
7、谁是最?”。Which is the biggest，the moon，the earth or the sun?注意：(1) 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the：He is my best friend. (2) 同类事物才能够相比较：The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing.(3) 最高级与比较级的转换：Shanghai is the largest city in China.Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海属于中国)Shanghai is
8、larger than the other cities in China区别：Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. (上海不属于日本)U2数量的比较1两者之间数量上的比较(1)可用morethan.结构表示“比多”，more后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。He has more books than meShe has more free time than me(2)可用fewerlessthan结构表示“比少”，fewer后接可数名词复数，less后接不可数名词。Tom is in fewer clubs than JackWe drink
9、 less coffee than tea2三者或三者以上数量上的比较(1)用the most“最多”，它后面既可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词。Bob got the most points in our classSimon drinks the most milk(2)用the fewest或the least表示“最少”，前者用来修饰可数名词复数，后者用来修饰不可数名词。She can sing the fewest songs in our classHe finishes the least homework of us three3副词比较等级的用法(1)A+动词(实义动词)+
10、副词比较级+than+B当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面自动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。He works harder than you(do)I got up earlier than my mother(did)(2)说明“和B比起来，更喜欢A”时，要用well的比较级better，用“Sb like(s)A better than B”句型。I like spring better than winter(3)当询问对方比较两者后作出选择，可用句型Which/Who do you like better，A or B?Which do you like better，
11、red or blue? (4)副词比较级前可加much，a little，even，far，a lot；修饰词来加强语气。Tony jumps much higher than Jim4副词的最高级用法常用句型：A+动词(实义动词)+(the)副词最高级+of/inamong。Amy writes(the)most carefully in our classU3 asas的用法当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同或不同时，常用asas或not asas结构，表示“和一样”或“和不一样”。Mary is as careful as LindaHe does not run as
12、fast as Tom在使用同级比较时要注意以下问题：1) asas或not asas属同级比较，在此结构中，要使用形容词或副词的原级。2) 在否定句中，第一个as也可换成so。A is not asso as B意为“A不如B”。This desk is not as heavy as that one=This desk is not so heavy as that one3) 当我们对事物进行比较时，要注意比较的双方必须是同类事物。Her ruler is as long as mine4) 当asas结构涉及数量或程度时，可用as much+不可数名词+as或as many+可数名词
13、复数+as。You made as many mistakes as I did in the examHe made as much money as I did5) asas结构前还可加表示倍数的词。结构为：倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as。The room is twice as large as that one6) 我们可以将“A+not as(so)+形容词原级+as+ B”，的结构转换为比较级。Tom is not as tall as Mike=Mike is taller than Tom=Tom is shorter than MikeU3反身代词人称数第一人称第二人称第
14、三人称单数myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己反身代词的用法：反身代词与它所指代的一名词或代词形成互指关系，在句中常用作宾语、表语或同位语。1) 反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。We must look after ourselves and keep fitDont think too much of yourself!2) 反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自
15、、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。I dont need any helpI can do it myself3) 反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。The little boy in the photo was himself【反身代词构成的固定表达】by oneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone；enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于have fun或have a good time；help oneself to意为“随便吃或喝点，随便用”；say to oneself意为“自言自语”。lose oneself in.失去自我，
16、沉溺于.U4祈使句祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议或叮嘱的句子。Be quiet，please!Dont be late again!祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头，祈使句的末尾用句号或感叹号。Be careful，or youll make mistakesPut on your coat，my dear son! 祈使句的否定形式一般是在动词原形前加dont，构成“Dont+动词原形+其他”结构。Dont be late for the meeting!Dont open the windowIts too cold outside为了显
17、得更为客气和礼貌，常在祈使句中加please。当please放在句末时，须用逗号与其余部分隔开。Please pass me the ballOpen the window，please基本结构：肯定句式主要有三种形式：Do型 (行为动词原形+其他)Sit down! Be型 (Be+表语，如名词、形容词)Be quiet! Let型 (Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分)Let me help you. U4用should和had better提建议should和had better都是情态动词，都可以用于给他人提建议，表示“应该”或“最好”做某事。1should表“建议”(1)sho
18、uld意为“应该”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，由时间状语或上下文来决定现在、过去或将来。You should do your homework more carefullyHe should be back in three days(2)should的否定形式是should not或shouldnt；疑问式是将should提到句子开头；反意疑问部分应为“shouldshouldnt+主语”。You shouldnt come here alone again-Should we discuss it at once? -Yes，you shouldYou shouldnt make
19、noise in class，should you?2had better表“建议”(1)had better可缩写为d better，后跟动词原形，表示现在或将来，没有人称和数的变化。Youd better clean your room every day(2)had better的否定形式是had better not；疑问式是将had放在主语之前；在反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分用“hadhadnt+主语”。Wed better riot stay at homeYoud better come to see me，hadnt you? 语法复习同步练习1Which is the wors
20、t clothes store in town?Dream Clothes. Its _ than any other store.AbadBworseCworstDthe worst2 Did you enjoy your online classes? Yes. But I like the traditional classroom _ than online classes.AgoodBwellCbetterDbest3If people drive more new energy vehicles (新能源汽车), the environment will be _.Aworse a
21、nd worseBless and lessCbetter and betterDmore and more4Im quiet, but my friend is _ than me.Amore quieterBmuch quieterCa lot quietDvery quieter5How do you go to school every day, by bike or on foot?By bike. Its much _ than on foot.AfastBfasterCfastestDthe fastest6Because of the “double reduction” po
22、licy, students have _ homework and _ free time after school than usual.Aless, fewerBfewer, lessCless, moreDmore, fewer7How can I get good grades in the monthly test?The _ careful you are, the _ mistakes you will make.Amore; lessBmore; fewerCmuch; fewerDmuch; more8His classroom is _ than _.Abigger, h
23、erBbiger, hersCbigger, sheDbigger, hers9Nothing is _ than basketball.Amore excitingBmore excitedCexcitingDexcited10I have less free time than John, hut Nancy has more free time than John. Among the three of us, I have the _ free time.AlessBleastCmoreDmost11Which month is _ in a year in Sichuan Provi
24、nce?January, I think.AcoldBcolderCcoldestDthe coldest12One of my favourite _ Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.Astorys isBstories areCstories isDstory is13Do you know that China is one of _?Yes, I do. Its _ older than America.Athe oldest countries; moreBthe oldest country; moreCthe oldest countries; m
25、uchDthe old country; much14I want to choose the red scarf. I think its _ of all.AbeautifulBmore beautifulCthe most beautifulDless beautiful15Which bottle has _ water of the five bottles?The red one. It has less water than any other one.Athe leastBthe mostCfewerDthe fewest16I think swimming is one of
26、 _ sports in our school.ApopularBmore popularCmost popularDthe most popular17She always does her homework _ than her brother.Amore carefulBmore carefullyCcarefulDcarefully18Does Lily jump _ of all the students in her class?No. Lucy can jump even _.Afarthest; fartherBfarther; fartherCfarther; farthes
27、tDfarthest; farthest19Are things in this supermarket expensive?No. You can buy things _ than any other supermarkets in our city.AcheaplyBmore cheaplyCquicklyDmore quickly20Jim, you are speaking too fast. I cant follow you.Sorry, I will speak a little _.Amore slowlyBmost quicklyCless slowlyDslow21Jas
28、on is excellent in sports. He runs _ than me.AfastBfasterCfastestDthe fastest22Whos the fastest runner in your class?Jack is. He runs _ than any other student in my class.AfastBfasterCfastestDthe fastest23Mike works really hard. He always arrives at school _ in his class.AearlyBmore earlyCearlierDea
29、rliest24I often go to Sun Theatre, because I can buy the tickets _ in the city.Amore cheapBthe most cheapCmore cheaplyDthe most cheaply25I like summer _ of all the seasons.AwellBbetterCbestDgood26Daniel doesnt paint _ others, but his ideas are the most wonderful of all.Aas careful asBmore careful th
30、anCless carefully thanDso carefully as27He speaks English well, but of course not _ a person born in England.Aas clearly asBas clear asCmore clearlyDclearer than28Sam jumped _ Jim in yesterdays sports meeting. Aas high asBso highly asCas higher asDas highly as29Is Kitty good at music?Yes, I think so
31、. She can play the violin almost _ her teacher.Aas better asBas good asCas well asDso well as30Hurry up! You must finish the work as _ as you can.AearlyBearlierClateDlater参考答案1B【详解】句意：镇上最差的服装店是哪一个？梦想服装店。它比其他任何一个商店都差。考查形容词比较级。根据句意和空格后than可知这里是比较级，形容词比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词表示“比其他都”，因此填比较级worse。故选B。2
32、C【详解】句意：你喜欢你的在线课程吗？是的。但是我更喜欢传统的课堂而不是网络课堂。考查比较级。good好的，形容词；well好，副词；better更好的，比较级；best最好的，最高级。根据“than”可知用比较级。故选C。3C【详解】句意：如果人们开更多的新能源汽车，环境会越来越好。考查形容词比较级。worse and worse越来越差；less and less越来越少；better and better越来越好；more and more越来越。根据“drive more new energy vehicles (新能源汽车)”可知环境会越来越好。故选C。4B【详解】句意：我很安静，但
33、我的朋友比我安静得多。考查形容词比较级。根据题干中“than”可知，考查形容词比较级，又由前文“Im quiet,but ”语境，并结合选项可知，此处要填比较级quieter，much修饰比较级。故选B。5B【详解】句意：你每天是怎么上学的，骑自行车还是步行？骑自行车。它比步行快得多。考查形容词比较级。fast快的；faster更快的；fastest最快的；the fastest最快的。分析句子，根据空后“than”，可知空处应填形容词比较级。故选B。6C【详解】句意：由于双减政策的实行，相比平时，学生们放学后的作业更少了，空闲时间更多了。考查形容词比较级辨析。less更少，little的比较
34、级，修饰不可数名词；fewer更少，few的比较级，修饰可数名词复数；more更多，much和many的比较级，修饰名词。结合句意及than可知，作业应是更少，所以用less修饰不可数名词homework，空闲时间更多，应用more，故选C。7B【详解】句意：我怎么样能在月考中取得好成绩呢？你越仔细，犯的错就越少。考查形容词的比较级的用法。“the+比较级., the+比较级”句型表示“越，越”，careful的比较级是more careful，mistake是可数名词，因此用fewer mistakes表示“更少的错误”，故选B。8D【详解】句意：他的教室比她的大。考查比较级，物主代词。bi
35、g的比较级为bigger，排除B；her她的，形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；she她，人称代词主格。根据“His classroom is bigger than.”可知此空需要物主代词，而横线后没有名词，故需要名词性物主代词。故选D。9A【详解】句意：没有什么比篮球更令人兴奋了。考查形容词辨析及用法。exciting令人兴奋的，修饰物；more exciting更令人兴奋的；excited激动的，修饰人；more excited更激动的。本句主语nothing为物，结合than可知，设空处需使用修饰物的形容词比较级形式。故选A。10B【详解】句意：我的空闲时间比约翰少，南希
36、的空闲时间却比约翰多。在我们三个人中，我的空闲时间最少。考查比较级最高级。less更少的；least最少的；more更多的；most最多的。根据“I have less free time than John, hut Nancy has more free time than John. Among the three of us, I have the.free time.”可知，此处三者作比较，应使用最高级，且我的空闲时间比约翰和南希都少，因此是最少的。故选B。11D【详解】句意：四川省一年中哪一个月最冷？ 一月，我想。考查形容词最高级。cold寒冷的，形容词；colder更冷的，比较级
37、；coldest最冷的，最高级，大多数情况下，在形容词的最高级前要加上定冠词the，排除C；the coldest最冷的，最高级。根据“in a year”可知，此处符合“the +最高级（+比较范围）”结构，应用最高级。故选D。12C【详解】句意：我最爱的故事之一是白雪公主和七个小矮人。考查名词复数和主谓一致。one of后接名词复数，表示“之一”，谓语动词用单数，故选C。13C【详解】句意：你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？是的。它比美国历史悠久得多。考查最高级和比较级用法。country国家，单数；countries国家，复数；more更多，比较级；much多，修饰比较级。“one
38、of+the+最高级+名词复数”是固定结构，可知第一空需用形容词最高级，old的最高级the oldest，后接复数名词countries；答句中，根据older than可知是修饰比较级，much可以修饰比较级，表示程度，第二个空填much。故选C。14C【详解】句意：我想选红色的围巾。我认为它是所有围巾中最漂亮的。考查形容词最高级。beautiful漂亮的，形容词；more beautiful更漂亮的，比较级；the most beautiful最漂亮的，最高级；less beautiful不漂亮的，比较级。根据“of all”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。故选C。15A【详解】句意：五个瓶
39、子里哪个瓶子里的水最少？红色的。它的水比其他任何瓶子的水都少。考查最高级。the least最少，little的最高级；the most最多，much/many的最高级；fewer较少，few的比较级；the fewest最少，few的最高级。根据“of the five bottles”可知，应用最高级；water是不可数名词，前应用little或much来修饰；排除选项C和D；根据答句“It has less water than any other one.”可知，红色瓶子的水比其他瓶子的水更少。故选A。16D【详解】句意：我认为游泳是我们学校最受欢迎的运动之一。考查形容词最高级。根据“
40、one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”，最高级前有定冠词the，所以是the most popular。故选D。17B【详解】句意：她做作业总是比她的哥哥认真。考查副词的比较级。空处的词要修饰动词does，因此空处应是副词carefully，根据than可知，本句须用carefully的比较级more carefully，故选B。18A【详解】句意：莉莉是她班上跳得最远的学生吗？不是。露西可以跳得更远。考查副词的比较级和最高级。根据第一空后“of all the students in her class ”可知此处是在将班上所有学生进行比较，三者或三者以上的人进行比较，用最高级；根据第二句可
41、知此处是将莉莉和露西两人进行比较，用比较级。故选A。19B【详解】句意：这家超市的东西贵吗？不。你可以买到比我们城市里任何其他超市都便宜的东西。考查副词辨析和副词比较级。cheaply便宜地；more cheaply更便宜；quickly迅速地；more quickly更快地。根据问题“Are things in this supermarket expensive?”以及答语“No.”可知，此处表示这家店的东西很便宜。其次，根据“.than any other supermarkets in our city”可知，需用比较级，表示比其他店的东西都便宜。故选B。20A【详解】句意：吉姆，你说
42、话太快了。我跟不上你。对不起，我说得慢一点。考查副词的比较级。more slowly更慢（副词比较级）；most quickly最快（副词最高级）；less slowly不那么慢（副词比较级）；slowly慢地（副词原级）。根据“Jim, you are speaking too fast. I cant follow you.”可知此处表达要比之前的讲话速度再慢一些，需要副词的比较级。故选A。21B【详解】句意：杰森在体育方面很出色。他跑得比我快。考查比较级。fast快地，原级；faster更快地，比较级；fastest最快地，最高级；the fastest 最快地，the+最高级。根据th
43、an的比较结构可知此处用比较级。故选B。22B【详解】句意：你们班谁跑得最快？杰克。他跑得比我们班其他任何一个学生都快。考查比较级。根据“than”可知此处用副词的比较级。故选B。23D【详解】句意：迈克学习真的很努力。他总是班上最早到达学校的。考查副词的最高级。early很早；more early错误表达；earlier更早；earliest最早。根据“in his class”可知，此句表示他是他班上最早到校的。表示三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，用最高级。故选D。24D【详解】句意：我经常去太阳剧院，因为我可以买到城里最便宜的票。考查副词最高级。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，排除AB
44、；根据“in the city”可知，给出范围是城里，是三者以上的比较，用副词最高级。故选D。25C【详解】句意：所有的季节中我最喜欢夏天。考查最高级用法。well好，副词原级；better更好，比较级；best最，最高级；good好的，形容词原级。of all the seasons是最高级的标志，故选C。26D【详解】句意：Daniel不像其他人画得那么仔细，但他的想法是最棒的。考查副词的同级比较。careful“认真的”，是形容词；carefully“认真地”，是副词，此处是副词修饰动词，排除A、B；根据下文“but his ideas are the most wonderful of all.”可知，上文是说Daniel不像其他人画得那么仔细，此处用同级比较，故选D。27A【详解】句意：他英语说得很好，但当然不如一个出生在英国的人说得那么清楚。考查形容词和副词的原级和比较级。根据“He speaks English well, but of course not.a person born in England.”可知，此处修饰speaks“说”，应使用副词，因此排除选项B和选项D；前后句为转折关系，因此此处指虽然英语说得好，但
