1、八下语法复习 unit 1-unit 2 情态劢词should should属于情态动词属于情态动词，意为意为“应该；应当应该；应当”，不能单独作不能单独作谓语谓语，后接动词原形后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化。should的否的否定形式为定形式为should not，缩写形式为缩写形式为shouldnt。在疑问句中在疑问句中should位于位于主语前面主语前面。We should go home at once.我们应该马上回家我们应该马上回家。You shouldnt smoke here.你不应该在这里抽烟你不应该在这里抽烟。Unit 1 should用法荟萃 1.用来
2、向别人提出建议或劝告别人做某事用来向别人提出建议或劝告别人做某事，意为意为“应应 该；应当该；应当”。e.g.Tom,I have a toothache.汤姆汤姆，我牙痛我牙痛。You should see a dentist.你应当去看牙医你应当去看牙医。2.表示现在或将来的某种义务或责任表示现在或将来的某种义务或责任。e.g.We should respect the old.我们应该尊重老人我们应该尊重老人。3.用来表示要求、命令。用来表示要求、命令。e.g.You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.在课堂上你应该认真听老师
3、讲课。在课堂上你应该认真听老师讲课。4.表示可能性表示可能性、期望以及推测即将发生的情况期望以及推测即将发生的情况。e.g.They should be there by now.他们现在应该到那儿了他们现在应该到那儿了。5.Should/Shall I?用来征求意见用来征求意见、提供帮助或请求指示提供帮助或请求指示。e.g.Should I help you clean the bedroom?要不要我帮你打扫卧室要不要我帮你打扫卧室？6.“假如；万一假如；万一”。表可能表可能。常用于常用于if 引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句 中中。e.g.If you should change y
4、our mind,please let me konw.假如你改变主意的话，请告诉我。假如你改变主意的话，请告诉我。myself(我自己我自己)，yourself(你自己你自己)是反身代词。表示“某是反身代词。表示“某人自己的词”叫反身代词。见下表：人自己的词”叫反身代词。见下表：myself yourself himself herself itself 我自己 你自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 ourselves yourselves themselves 我们自己 你们自己 他（她、它）们自己 反身代词小结：Exercises 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1.你应该
5、按时完成作业。你应该按时完成作业。You _ _ your homework on time.2.你不应该相信陌生人。你不应该相信陌生人。You _ _ strangers.3.我应该打开窗户吗？我应该打开窗户吗？_ _ _ the window?should finish shouldnt believe Should I open should more A sore throat fever 4.他胃痛，他胃痛，24小时内不要进食。小时内不要进食。He has a stomachache.He _ eat anything in 24 hours.5.嗓子痛会导致你发烧。嗓子痛会导致你发
6、烧。_ _ _ can give you a _.6.你应当多喝开水。你应当多喝开水。You _ drink _ hot water.shouldnt 用合适的反身代词填空。1.My classmate,Li Ming,made a card for _ just now.2.Bad luck!I cut _ with a knife yesterday.3.They tell us they can look after _ very well.4.My cat can find food by _.5.Help _ to some beef,boys.himself myself them
7、selves itself yourselves 劢词丌定式 1.1.定义定义 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。2.2.构成构成 动词不定式的基本形式是动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原动词原形”形”，常写作常写作to do(有时有时to可以省略可以省略)，否定形式为否定形式为not to do。He wants to sit.Tell him not to live alone.Unit 2 动词不定式动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主
8、语、宾语、宾语补足语、征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。定语和状语等。3.3.用法用法 一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。例：学外语很有用。To learn foreign languages is very useful.为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替丌定式作形式主语，而将丌定式放在后面作真正的主语。=Its very useful to learn foreign languages.No.1 No.1 作主语作主语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want/plan/agree/learn/hope
9、/refuse/decide to do 等等。另一种是“疑问词+劢词丌定式”结构作劢词或介词的宾语。例：他教我如何使用手机。He taught me how to use mobile phone.No.2 No.2 作宾语作宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+to do 常用it作形式宾语，而将劢词丌定式放在后面作真正的宾语。我认为锻炼很有帮劣。I think it helpful to do exercise.No.2 No.2 作宾语作宾语 常接劢词丌定式作宾语的劢词有：想要 拒绝 忘记(want,refuse,forget)需要 努力 学习(need,try,learn)选择 同意 帮助(ch
10、oose,agree,help)希望 决定 开始(hope/wish/expect,decide,begin/start)Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing.He decided to help the homeless.劢词丌定式作宾语 No.2 No.2 作宾语作宾语 常接丌定式作宾语补足语的劢词（短语）有tell,ask,want,teach,promise,expect,wish,invite,would like等。例：他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。They asked him to sing a po
11、p song at the party.No.3 No.3 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 一感一感(feel)二听二听(listen to,hear)三让三让(let,make,have)四看四看(look at,see,watch,notice)，半帮助，半帮助(help)(即在动词即在动词 help 后面作后面作宾语补足语时，宾语补足语时，to可有可无可有可无)”。”。help后的丌定式可省略to，也可以带上to。例：我哥哥经常帮劣我做家务。My brother often helps me(to)do the housework.No.3 No.3 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 在感官劢词fee
12、l,hear,see,watch,notice,listen to,look at 之后接丌带to的劢词丌定式作宾语补足语。例：半小时前我看见她离开了。I saw her leave half an hour ago.No.3 No.3 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 一、主语是丌定式(表条件)；表语也是丌定式(表结果)例：工作意味着谋生。To work means to earn a living 二、劢词丌定式做表语常用于以下结构：My job/dream/goal/aim is 例：他的梦想是在丌久的将来出国学习。His dream is to study abroad in the near
13、 future No.4 No.4 作表语作表语 劢词丌定式作定语时，应放于被修饰的名词或代词之后。例：我想吃点东西。I want to have something to eat.她得到一份照顾一位老人的工作。She got a job to take care of an old man.No.5 No.5 作定语作定语 劢词丌定式可用来作目的状语（放在句首或句尾），原因状语（跟在作表语的形容词后面）和结果状语（用在tooto结构中）。She raised her voice to be heard better Im sorry to trouble you.She is too you
14、ng to go to school.No.6 No.6 作状语作状语 目的状语目的状语 原因状语原因状语 结果状语结果状语 动词短语动词短语 动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的短语称动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的短语称为动词短语，其作用和动词差不多，有的为动词短语，其作用和动词差不多，有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词。相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词。1 1 定义定义 动词+介词 相当于及物动词，后面必须相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语有宾语，且，且宾语只能宾语只能位于介词之后位于介词之后。look after 照顾 look at 看 care for 非常喜欢；照顾 think a
15、bout 考虑 agree with 同意 wait for 等待 I agree with what you said.He cared for her more than she realized.2 类别类别 动词+副词 可看作及物劢词，名词作宾语时，可位于劢词不副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时；叧能位于劢词不副词之间。有的也可看作丌及物劢词。cheer up 振奋起来振奋起来 clean up 打扫干净打扫干净 give up 放弃放弃 put off 推迟推迟 take away 拿走拿走 fix up 修理修理 turn down 调低；拒绝调低；拒绝 turn up 出现；调高出
16、现；调高 This is a new word.Youd better look it up in the dictionary.Its too noisy.Please turn down the TV.=Its too noisy.Please turn the TV down.动词+副词 动词+副词+介词 相当于及物劢词，宾语位于介词之后。catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出 look forward to 期望 run out of 用完；耗尽 He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.Im looking
17、 forward to the weekend.动词+名词+介词 相当于及物劢词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。make fun of 取笑取笑 make use of 利用利用 pay attention to 注意注意 take care of 照顾照顾 make friends with 与与 交朋友交朋友 Its impolite to make fun of your classmate.We could make better use of our resources.be+形容词+介词 相当于及物劢词，宾语位于介词之后。be different from 与与 不同
18、不同 be famous for 因为因为 而出名而出名 be busy with 忙于忙于 be similar to 与与 相似相似 The girl is afraid of dogs.China is famous for its long history.Exercises 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。1.Our school has _ a sign at the gate,saying“Greet your child with a smile,not a mobile.”A.put up B.put off C.put on D.put in 2.Its not good fo
19、r you to smoke so much.Youd better _.A.give up it B.give them up C.give it up D.give up them 3.My cousin volunteers in the Childrens Home.His job is to_ food and clothes.A.sell out B.work out C.hand out D.find out C A C 4.Will Bob help me look after my pet dog when Im away?Of course.He wont _ your r
20、equest.He loves animals a lot.A.put down B.write down C.turn down D.take down 5.John didnt get the job he wanted.Lets go and _.A.turn him down B.call him back C.cheer him up D.let him down 6.Mother asks me _ English every morning.A.read B.to read C.reading D.no read C C B 7.Michael visits many websi
21、tes _ about Chinese culture.A.learn B.learned C.to learn 8.Please stay with me this weekend.Im sorry,but my father and I planned _ Beijing a long time ago.A.visit B.visiting C.to visit D.visited 9.Julia,your mobile phone is ringing.Wait a minute.Its dangerous _ it while crossing the street.A.answeri
22、ng B.answer C.to answer C C C 二、完成句子。二、完成句子。1.他们帮助无家可归的人过上舒适的生活，帮助贫困的孩子上学。They helped _ _ to live a comfortable life and the poor kids to go to school.2.每当我出门，我妈妈总是担心我的安全。Whenever I go out,my mother is always _ _ my safety.the homeless worried about 3.我们已经制订一个计划来完成这项工作。We have made a plan _ _ the work.4.学好英语不容易。It is not easy _ _ English well.5.我有点儿事要和你谈一谈。I have something _ _ with you.to finish to talk to learn
