1、专题 05 动词的时态和语态2018年高考题1.【2018北京】1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob 现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的
2、时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C 选项正确。点睛:一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday,last week,in the past,in 2017,once,a few days ago等。2.【2018北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is working B. was working C. has
3、 worked D. had worked【答案】B点睛:过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。3.【2018北京】7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从 9,000公里增长到 25,000公里。该句时间状语为 in the past few years
4、。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句应用现在完成时态。B 选项正确。点睛:现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响,也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的。常见的时间状语有:since + 时间点/从句,for two months,so far,recently,in the past/last few days等。4.【2018北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A. are trapping B. ha
5、ve been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped【答案】D点睛:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去” ,其表达形式为 had done,被动语态的表达形式为 had been done。5.【2018天津】13. My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired【答案】C【
6、解析】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句 so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选 C。点睛:本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道,4 个选项都用了被动语态,本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项 A是过去时;选项 B是一般现在时的被动;选项 C是现在进行时;选项 D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析,最终判断出最佳答案。6.【2018江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _ m
7、ore convenient electronic communication tools by then.A. have developed B. had developedC. will have developed D. developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:希望在 2025年,我们不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语 in 2025,可知用将来时;再根据时间状语 by then到那时,可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选 C。点睛:本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题,一定要注意题中有没有明确
8、的时间点,或者其他可以代替时间点的词,所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语 in 2025和 by then,从而得出答案。 7.【2018江苏】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years.A. had been carried out B. would be carried outC. is being carried out D. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意:上
9、个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语 last month和 in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选 A。点睛:本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题,一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点,或者其他可以代替时间点的词,所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语 last month和 in the past two years,从而得出答案。2017年高考题【2017天津卷】8. I _down to London when I suddenly found that I w
10、as on the wrong road.A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove【答案】A考点:考查动词时态。【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。 :was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did . 这时一个常用固定句型,是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一,词句型还有另外两种结构:was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中,when 引导的并列句,意为:就在这时(那时)突然。【2017江苏卷】27.
11、 He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed【答案】A【解析】试题分析:考查动词的时态和语态。he 和 follow是动宾关系,即他被别人跟踪,排除 B/D;根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否被跟踪” ,用过去进行时最合适,故选 A。句意:他匆匆忙忙往家赶,就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。考点:时态和语态【2017江苏卷】31.Hes been informed that
12、 he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualified C. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying 【答案】C考点:考查动词的时态【2017北京卷】33. People_ better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result.A. will have B. have C. had D. had had【答案】
13、B试题分析:句意:人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险,结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在,所以 than前一句话是用现在的时间,而且后一句用的就是现在时态,所以前面也用现在时态,故选 B。考点:考查时态。【2017北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented【答案】D试题分析:句意
14、:在美国 20世纪 50年代的时候,大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话,并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态,排除 AC,事情发生在过去,与现在无关,不用现在完成时,排除 B,故选 D,过去完成时的被动语态。考点:考查时态语态。【2017北京卷】24. _ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling【答案】A试
15、题分析:句意:-你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样?-打了,他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语 yesterday,发生在过去,肯定用过去式,故选A。考点:考查时态。2016年高考题1.【2016北京】21. Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work【答案】C考点:考查时态【名师点睛】一、过去进行时的构成:was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法:1、表示在过去某时刻正在
16、进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词,如 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。例如:It was
17、raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时,过去进行时经常与其它过去时态,特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。例如:One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突
18、然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源。2.【2016北京】23. Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours.A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting【答案】D【解析】试题分析:题目考查时态。句意:打扰了,你们在等哪一部电影?星球大战 ,我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。 “for+时间段”与完成时连用,根据语境可知,说话的时候仍然在等,因此用现在完成进行时,故选 D。考点:考查时
19、态【名师点睛】现在完成进行时由“助动词 have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下:1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和 for,since 引导的时间状语连用。-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到说话时候刚结束。I have been waiting you fo
20、r about one hour.。(说话时“等“的动作刚结束)She has been working all night long.3. 表示重复(只断断续续,而非一直不停)Weve been discussing the matter several times this year.I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.3.【2016北京】25. I _ half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A. read B. have read
21、C. am reading D. will read【答案】B考点:考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成时基本用法:1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与 already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用。例如:Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗?You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,常用的有:for一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。 (Since 用来说明动作起始时间,
22、for 用来说明动作延续时间长度) ,提问用 How long.例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、现在完成时需注意的问题:1 表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。例如:He has joi
23、ned the army for five years. (错误)He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。(错)I have received his letter for a month.(对)I havent received his letter for almost a month.2 不能和明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago 等。3have/has been to 和 ha
24、ve/has gone to 的区别:have/has been to 去过某地,现在已经回来;have/has gone to 去了某地,在去的路上或已经在那里。4 比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,强调动作,不和现在发生联系,常与具体的过去时间状语连用,如 yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now等, ;现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,不能与表过去的时间状语连用。I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)I ha
25、ve seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)He has been a League member for three years. (强调他是团员)现在完成时考点分析:现在完成时除可以和 for、since 引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years 等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间
26、 + since 从句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如:I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realiz
27、e the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.4.【2016北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded【答案】D考点:考查时态和语态【名师点睛】一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态常用 will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的
28、时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week 等) 。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如 come、go、start、begin、leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。be going to 与 will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别:A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从
29、句的主句中;而 will则能,表意愿。如:If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事” ,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与 when引导的从句连用,构成常考句型:sb was about to do when s
30、b did sth。Autumn harvest is about to start.被动语态的构成一般式 进行式 完成式现在时 am/is/are+p.p am/is/are+being+ p.p have/has+been + p.p过去时 was/were+ p.p was/were+being+ p.p had +been + p.p将来时 shall/will+be+p.p shall/will+have been+ p.p注意:含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态:由“情态动词(can, may must, have to等)+be +动词的-ed 形式构成。含有“be going t
31、o , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态:其构成为“be going to (be to, used to, be about to)+ be +动词的-ed 形式” 。5.【2016江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, _in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made【答案】B考点:考查时态语态6.【2
32、016江苏】29.Dashan, who_crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it upwith the Western stand-up tradition.A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning【答案】D考点:考查时态7.【2016天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _ for years
33、.A. didnt see B. havent seen C. hadnt seen D. wouldnt see【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:当沿着街道散步的时候,我遇见了多年未见的 David。根据语境, “not see”这个动作发生在 come across之前,是过去的过去发生的动作,用过去完成时。故选 C。考点:考查动词时态。【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定,因此在学习英语时态时,要注意分析动词形式及具体语境,想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景,这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示过去的过去的
34、动作,还有一个特点就是和过去的一段时间搭配。8.【2016浙江】9. Silk _ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming【答案】A【解析】试题分析: 句意:到公元前 100年为止,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是 by+过去时间,谓语用过去完成时。故选 A。考点:考查动词时态。【名师点睛】动词的时态、语态是选择题中必考内容之一,动词的各种时态形式都可能考到,不过最
35、常考的是一般现在时态,一般过去时态,现在进行时态,以及一般将来时态,现在完成时态,同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查,做语法填空题时,首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,如本小题第一个空就是考查谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面,本小题考查过去完成时,从三个方面来进行判断:1. 看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句,本小题时间状语是 by about 100 BC,故判断是过去完成时。2. 在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时,要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。3. 看是否是特殊句型等。如:It was+the first time+that 从
36、句中用过去完成时。 2015年高考题1.【2015北京】22.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,we_by our hosts.A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated【答案】A 【考点定位】考查动词的时态及语态。【名师点睛】本题考查时态和语态,本题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语,然后再看有没有相关的词,比如隐藏的时间点,和一些动词的过去式。解答时态语态题时,学生需要注意结合上下文语境,找出相关提示词来判断时态;并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。2.【2015北京】26.in t
37、he last few years,China _ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:在过去的这些年里,中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语 in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响,用现在完成时。故选 A。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】判断时态可以从时间状语入手,题干中的 in the last few years为现在完成时的时间标志词。类似的
38、还有 over/ for/ during the last/ past years/months均为现在完成时的时间标志,所以做此类题时,需要先看句子中是否有明确的时间点,然后我再判断时态。3.【2015北京】27.Did you have difficulty finding Ann house?Not really.She_us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give【答案】B【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题考查学生对
39、时态的掌握情况,现在完成时和过去完成时都是考试中常出的考点。分析前后两句两个动作,判断出后者的动作发生在前者的动作之前,是过去的过去,用过去完成时。4.【2015北京】30. Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I_ him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:Dr.Jackson 现在不在办公室。好的,我待会再打给他。由 later可知,表示的是将来要执行的动作,用一般将来时。故选 A。【考点定位】
40、考查时态。【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查,句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题,一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点,或者其他可以代替时间点的词,所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。5.【2015重庆】1. Is Peter coming?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:彼得来了吗?没有,刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据 at the last minu
41、te在最后一秒可能发生在过去,故用一般过去时。 【考点定位】考查动词的时态。【名师点睛】动词的时态一直是热点,需要根据时间状语来进行确定,但本题要根据当时的语境来进行再次确认,才得到答案。首先看到第一句话 Is Peter coming来了吗?可知彼得还没有来,而下句话 at the last minute最后一刻,符合一般过去时的用法中的,第一条:一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作) 。6.【2015重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers aft
42、er all the wheat_ cut.A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been【答案】D 【考点定位】考查动词的时态【名师点睛】 现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成,主要有两个含义: 表示动作发生在过去,但与现在的情况有联系,有时无时间状语,有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作,用于延续性动词,且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语。7.【2015浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, fe
43、w people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:爱因斯坦出生于 1879年,小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家,他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意,应该是表达过去将来时,所以只有 C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A 选项是现在完成时(用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响,往往有一些关键的词比如说 since或者是 for加一段时间) ,B
44、 选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词,而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生,那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时),C 选项是过去进行时(过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作,另外动词 going的进行时还可以表达将来) ,D 选项是过去时(表达过去的动作) 。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词 would(will 的过去时,用于过去将来时) ,分析可知答案就是C。【考点定位】考查动词时态【名师点睛】分析 4个选项可以知道,该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题,如本题的 1879, wo
45、uld change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项,最终得出答案。8.【2015天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached【答案】A【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题考查时态。现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。分析此题只需要牢牢抓住时间状语 so
46、far“到目前为止”,从而判定出所应当运用的时态。9.【2015天津】6. Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:简不能参加今天下午 3点钟的会议,因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语 at that time,指代 at 3 oclock this afternoon,表示在将来的某
47、一时刻正在做某事,故用将来完成时。故选 D。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语,以及 that time所代指的时间,再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选择正确的答案。10.【2015四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built【
48、答案】B【解析】试题分析:考查时态。本句为时态题,根据时间状语 soon可知,考查了将来时,故选择 B。句意为:四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。【考点定位】考查时态【名师点睛】本题考查时态。英语中的时态是靠动词的变化来体现的,在具体做题时,需要关注的是时间状语。因此,考生在做本题时,需要先找出时间状语 soon,然后才能准确判断时态是一般将来时。通过观察选项可知,选项 A是现在进行时;选项 B是一般将来时;选项 C是现在完成时;选项 D是过去完成时。故选择 B。11.【2015陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didnt know that he the first black pres