2022年牛津译林版八年级上英语全册各单元知识点整理归纳

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1、1 译林版初中英语八年级上册全册各单元知识点归纳整理译林版初中英语八年级上册全册各单元知识点归纳整理 Unit 1 Friends 重点短语:重点短语: 1.一个诚实的男孩 an honest boy 2.一个八年级的学生 a Grade 8 student 3.一次写作比赛 a writing competition 4.一则的广告 an advertisement for 5.保密 keep secrets 6.使我开心 make me happy 7.分享我的快乐 share my joy 8.遇到麻烦 be in trouble 9.和我一样苗条 as slim as me 10.一个

2、我最好的朋友 one of my best friends 11.对慷慨 be generous to 12.乐意做某事 be willing/ ready to do 13.给需要的人让座 give seats to people in need 14.环游世界 travel around the world 15.使他看起来聪明 make him look smart 16.感到无聊 feel bored 17.讲滑稽的笑话 tell funny jokes 18.走过课桌 walk past the desk 19.撞翻我的书 knock over my books 20.想起我的好朋友

3、 think of my good friends 21.看一则广告 read an advertisement 22.一位忠实的朋友 an honest friend 23.及肩的头发 shoulder-length hair 24.做大量的电脑工作 do much computer work 25.投票赞成某人 vote for sb. 26.帮助有需要的人 help people in need 27.课外活动 after-school activities 28.尽力帮助他们 try to help them 2 29.一名社会工作者 a social worker 30.未来计划 f

4、uture plans 31.看起来爱好运动 look sporty 32.搬迁到北京 move to Beijng 33.过来 come over 34.想念我的老同学 miss my old classmates 35.与交朋友 make friends with 36.给我一些忠告 give my some advice 37.住在隔壁 live next door 38.邀请某人做某事 invite sb to do 39.她微笑的眼睛 her smiling eyes 40.面带微笑 wear a smile on ones face 41.再来一些饮料 some more drin

5、ks 42.一些喝的 something to drink 43.任何时间 at any time 44.在将来 in the future 45.对很了解 know sth. very well 46.一个人坐着 sit alone 47.认识某人 get to know sb. 48.不如 not as as 49.在做某事上有困难 have problems doing sth. 50.在某事上有困难 have problems with sth. 51.适合某事 be suitable for 52.和某人分享某物 share sth with sb 53.对某人友好 be frien

6、dly to sb 54.十年前 ten years ago 55.解出数学题 solve the maths problem 56.写信给某人 write to sb 57.说某人的坏话 say a bad word about sb 58.相信他说的话 believe what he said/ his words 59.倾听人们的难题 listen to peoples problems 3 60.帮助人们解决难题 help people solve their problems 61.因为而出名 be famous for 62.作为而出名 be famous as 63.个像艾伦那样

7、的朋友 have a friend like Alan 64.在午餐期间 during lunch time 65.同意做某事 agree to do 66.同意某人的意见 agree with sb 67.在左边的那个男孩 the boy on the left 68.跑步最快的人 the fastest runner 69.A 和 B 都 both A and B 重点句型:重点句型: 1.冰箱里没有别的东西。 There is nothing else in the fridge. 2.我不知道如何和我的同学交谈。 I dont know how to talk to my classm

8、ates. 3.你相信他所说的话吗? Do you believe what he said? 4.当他和我在一起的时候,我不感到无聊。 I never feel bored when he is with me. 5.她为人善良,从不说任何人的坏话。 She is kind and never says a bad word about anyone. 6.我的电脑没有他的电脑贵。 My computer is not as expensive as his computer. =My computer is cheaper than his computer. =His computer

9、is more expensive than my computer. 7.我认为游泳没有远足有趣。 I dont think swimming is as interesting as hiking. 8.她愿意倾听人们的问题并且帮助人们解决问题。 She is willing to listen to peoples problems and help them solve the problems. 9.我在我的新学校有麻烦。I have problems with my new school. 10.凯特既是我最好的朋友也是我的邻居。Kitty is both my best frie

10、nd and my neighbour. 4 译林版初中英语八年级上册译林版初中英语八年级上册 Unit 2 School life 【重点短语】【重点短语】 1.fewer advertisements 广告少些 2.a mixed school 一所混合学校 3.a Reading Week 一个读书周 4.bring in books and magazines 带来书和杂志 5.near the end of 在快要结束时 6.offer me help 给我提供帮助 7.read an article by a boy from the USA 读了一个美国男孩的文章 8.spend

11、 time on/doing sth. 花时间做某事 9.have fewer weeks off 有更少星期的休假 10.at most 最多 11.look through 浏览,快速查看 12.at first 起初,首先 13.keep (on) doing sth. 继续,重复做某事 14.have lots of time for after-school activities 有许多时间进行课外活动 15.at lunchtime 在午餐时间 16.go on a school trip 参加学校旅行 【重点句型】【重点句型】 1.Its like watching TV, bu

12、t there are fewer advertisements. 就像看电视一样,但有更少的广告。 2.Learning foreign languages is fun. 学习外语是有趣的。 3.Near the end of the week, we discuss the books with our classmates in class. 在这一周快要结束的时候,我们在课堂上与同班同学一起讨论这些书。 4.Times seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books. 当我们在读一些有趣的书的时候,时间好像过的很快。

13、5.He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help. 他经常认真地听我的问题,并给我提供帮助。 6.I read an article by a boy from the USA. 我阅读了来自一位美国男孩的文章。 5 7.Millie has the least juice. 米莉的果汁最少。 8.I also keep writing in English about my daily life. 关于我的日常生活,我也一直用英文书写。 9.Millie has more tomatoes than Daniel.

14、比起丹尼尔,米莉有更多的西红柿。 【重点语法】【重点语法】 1. 用形容词的比较级计较两件事物的数量: More than 可修饰可数名词复数形式,也可修饰不可数名词; Fewer than 修饰可数名词复数形式; Less than 修饰不可数名词 2. 用形容词的最高级比较三件或三件以上的事物的数量 The most 可修饰可数名词复数形式,也可修饰不可数名词 The fewest 修饰可数名词复数形式 The least 修饰不可数名词 3. 副词的比较级和最高级 不规则变化:well-better-best; badly-worse-worst; far-farther/further

15、-ferthest/furthest 译林版初中英语八年级上册译林版初中英语八年级上册 Unit 3 A day out 重点短语:重点短语: 1keep fit 保持健康 2enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快 3make a plan for a day trip 制订一日游的计划 4take a boat trip 乘船旅游 5take care 保重 6be made of steel 由钢制成 7invite me to join their school trip 邀请我参加他们的学校旅行 8arrive at the park 到达公园 9cant wait to ge

16、t off the bus 迫不及待下车 10places of interest 名胜 11from all over the world 来自世界各地 6 12on the Internet 在网上 13put them on his home page 把它们放在他的主页上 141ook at each other 互相对视 15keep the secret to oneself 保守秘密 16get on the bus 上车 17take place 发生,举行 18with your support 在你的支持下 19plan a day out 计划外出一天 20take th

17、e underground 乘地铁 单词拓展:单词拓展: 1Australia n 澳大利亚Australian adj 澳大利亚(人)的 2wide adj 宽的,宽广的widely adv 广泛地,宽阔地 3boring adj 乏味的bored adj 无聊的bore vt 使感到厌烦 4finally adv 最后final adj 最终的,最后的final n 决赛,结局 5interest n 令人感兴趣的人或事;兴趣interesting adj 有趣的interested adj 感兴趣的 6main adj 主要的mainly adv 主要地 7culture n 文化cul

18、tural adj 文化的 81uckily adv 幸好,幸运的是lucky adj 幸运的unlucky adj 不幸的luck n 运气 9climber n 登山者,攀爬者climb vt& vi 爬 10support n 支持support vt 支持supporter n 支持者,拥护者 11cheer v& vt 欢呼,喝彩cheer n 欢呼声,喝彩声cheerful adj 兴高采烈的 12helpless adj 无助的help vt&vi 帮助help n 帮助helpful adj 乐于助人的 13useful adj 有用的,有益的useless adj 无用的us

19、e vt 用,使用use n 用,用途 14hope n 希望hope vt& vi 希望hopeful adj 有希望的hopeless adj 没希望的 15taste n 味道;品味taste vt vi 品尝tasty adj 美味的 16colourful adj 多彩的colour n 颜色colour vt 为着色 重点句型及讲解:重点句型及讲解: 1Were going to the top of the Eiffel Tower this afternoon!(P31) 此句意为:今天下午我们就要登上埃菲尔铁塔的顶部!这是一个现在进行时态的句子,此处的 are going t

20、o 中的 to 是介词,用现在进行时表将来。在英语中,go(去),come(来),arrive(到达),leave(离开),start(开始)。return(返回)等表示“位置移动”7 的动词,它们的进行时态往往表示将来,含有意图、安排或打算的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感,它常常表示最近或较近的将来。如: Mary isnt here at the momentShe is coming later 玛丽此刻不在这儿,她一会儿就来。 when are you starting? 你何时动身? The Smiths are leaving for Hong Kong this a

21、fternoon史密斯一家人将于今天下午动身去香港。 The train to Bering is arriving soon去北京的火车很快就要到了。 2The bus is as comfortable as those in the USA(P35) 此句意为:这辆公共汽车和美国的公共汽车一样舒适。本句使用了形容词的同级比较结构,句中的 those 指代 the buses。在比较状语从句中,为了避免重复,可用 those 代替句中前面已提到的表示复数的人或物,以避免重复使用前面的名词。如: The books on the table are newer than those in m

22、y schoolbag 桌子上的那些书比我书包里的那些新。 The apples on the desk are much bigger than those in the basket 桌上的苹果比篮子里的要大得多。 3The model Sydney Opera House looks as wonderful as that in Australia(P35) 此句意为:悉尼歌剧院的模型看起来与澳大利亚的那座一样棒。本句使用了形容词的同级比较结构,句中的 that 指代 the Sydney Opera House。在比较状语从句中,为了避免重复,可用 that 代替句中前面已提到的表示

23、单数的比较对象。如: The population of China is larger than that of Canada 中国的人口比加拿大多。 The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Shanghai in winter冬天北京的天气比上海冷得多。 4With your support,we will win!(P37) with your support 在句中作状语。 句意为: 在你们的支持下我们会获胜!此处的 support 作名词, 意为 “支持” , with one s support意为“在某人的支持下” ,

24、 通常在句中作状语, 相当于 with ones helpwith the help of somebody,意为“在某人的帮助下”,反义短语为 without ones supporthelp,意为“没有某人的支持帮助”。如: With their support,I won the first prize 在他们的支持下,我获得了一等奖。 With TomS help,the old man crossed the road safely 在汤姆的帮助下,那位老人安全地过了马路。 Without your support,we couldnt win如果没有你们的支持,我们不可能获胜。 8

25、 另外,support 也可用作动词,support somebody 意为“支持某人”,supporter 是名词,意为“支持者,拥护者”。如: I will support you this time这次我将支持你。 Who is the supporter of your brother? 谁是你哥哥的支持者? 5We hope you can join us(P41) 句意为:我们希望你能加入到我们中间。句中的 hope 用作及物动词,意为“希望”,后接动词不定式或从句。如: He hopes to find a better job in the future 他希望将来能找到一个更

26、好的工作。 I hope you can give me some advice 我希望你能给我一些建议。 注意,作简短回答时,hope 后可用替代词 so(肯定)或 not(否定)。如: 一 Could you come to my birthday party?你能来参加我的生日聚会吗? 一 I hope so我希望如此。 在英语中,wish 后面也可接动词不定式或 that 从句,其意义相当于“想要,希望”。wish 接 that 从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”,而 hope 表示可以实现或能达到的“希望”。如: I hope(that)it will be sunny t

27、omorrow 我希望明天天气晴朗。 I wish you success我祝你成功。 I wish I could fly like a bird但愿我能像鸟一样飞。 语法点拨:语法点拨: asas 的用法的用法 当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、 身高等)程度相同或不同时, 常用 asas 或 not asas 结构, 表示 “和一样” 或 “和不一样”。如: Mary is as careful as Linda玛丽和琳达一样仔细。 He does not run as fast as Tom他跑步没有汤姆快。 在使用同级比较时要注意以下问题: 1asas 或 not asas 属同级比较

28、,在此结构中,要使用形容词或副词的原级。 2在否定句中,第一个 as 也可换成 so。A is not asso as B 意为“A 不如 B”。如: This desk is not as heavy as that one这张桌子没有那张重。 =This desk is not so heavy as that one 3当我们对事物进行比较时,要注意比较的双方必须是同类事物。如: Her ruler is as long as mine 9 她的尺子和我的(尺子)一样长。 这句话不能说成:Her ruler is as long as me 4当 asas 结构涉及数量或程度时,可用 a

29、s much+不可数名词+as 或 as many+可数名词复数+as。如: You made as many mistakes as I did in the exam 考试中你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。 He made as much money as I did 他赚的钱和我赚的一样多。 5asas 结构前还可加表示倍数的词。结构为:倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as。如: The room is twice as large as that one 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。 6我们可以将“A+not as(so)+形容词原级+as+B,的结构转换为比较级。如: Tom is not

30、as tall as Mike汤姆没有迈克高。 =Mike is taller than Tom迈克比汤姆高。 =Tom is shorter than Mike汤姆比迈克矮。 反身代词反身代词 反身代词是代词大家庭中的小成员,但其作用却非常独特。下面让我们一起走进反身代词的世界,共同探讨反身代词的用法。 反身代词的含义及构成: 所谓反身代词,是指人们用来反指自己的代词。英语中的反身代词共有 8 个,它们有人称和数的变化。 反身代词的构成有极强的规律性:第一、第二人称的反身代词由形容词性的物主代词加一 self 或一 selves 构成;第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加一 self 或一

31、selves 构成。 反身代词的用法:反身代词的用法: 反身代词与它所指代的一名词或代词形成互指关系,在句中常用作宾语、表语或同位语。 1反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语,此时,句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。如: We must look after ourselves and keep fit 我们必须照顾好自己,保持身体健康。 She often buys herself nice clothes 她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。 Dont think too much of yourself!别过多地为自己考虑! 2反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语,用来加强语气,表示

32、“亲自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。如: 10 I don t need any help I can do it myself 我不需要帮助, 我自己能做。 (主语的同位语)这句话不可表示成 I don t need any help,myself can do it If you want to know more,you may ask Miss White herself 如果你想了解更多情况,你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语) 3反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。如: The little boy in the photo was himself

33、 照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。 反身代词构成的固定表达:反身代词构成的固定表达: 反身代词可以与一些介词、动词搭配,构成一些十分有用的固定短语。如: by oneself 意为“独自,凭自己”,相当于 alone; enjoy oneself 意为“玩得高兴,过得愉快”,相当于 have fun 或 have a good time; help oneself to意为“随便吃或喝点,随便用; keepto oneself 意为“不将某事说出去”; say to oneself 意为“自言自语”。 译林版初中英语八年级上册译林版初中英语八年级上册 Unit4 Do it yourself 一

34、、重点词汇一、重点词汇 (A) 易拼错单词 instruction 指示 finished 完成 rope 绳索 crazy 着迷的,狂热的 once 曾经,一度(过去时) mistake 错误,失误 course 课程;过程 already 已经 sentence 句子 grape 葡萄 strawberry 草莓 spoon 匙,调羹 example 例子;榜样 balloon 气球 paint 颜料 (B) 词形变化(标出词性,说出区别,强化记忆) brush-brushes shelf-shelves 不可数名词 glue electricity furniture (a piece

35、of furniture) ham salad 本身为复数名词 scissors( a pair of scissors) pants clothes shorts 意思决定可数还是不可数 tape 胶带(不可数) ,磁带(可数) spell spelling paint-painting exactly-exact terrible-terribly correct-correctly comfortable- comfortably clear-clearly proper-properly cut-cut leave-left stick-stuck put-put buy-bought

36、 spell-spelled / spelt 11 active-inactive correct incorrect complete-incomplete direct-indirect possible-impossible proper-improper polite-impolite patient-impatient usefuluseless careful- careless above-There are clouds above the plane. (反义词:below) over- There is a bridge over the river. (反义词:under

37、) decorate 动词,修饰,装饰。名词形式 decoration. 常见词组 decoratewith 用装饰 instead 与 instead of a. instead 意为代替,替代,作副词用,通常位于句尾。如位于句首,常用逗号与后面隔开。 b. Instead of 是介宾短语,后面一般跟名词、代词、介词、短语、动词-ing 形式。 Eg: Lily isnt here. Ask Lucy _. Ill go _ her. 二二、重点短语及句子用法重点短语及句子用法 1. had better get some tools 最好拿一些工具 had better not pain

38、t it blue 最好别将它涂成蓝色 had better do sth/had better not do sth (had 不能改为 have 或 has, 对上级或长辈不宜用) 2. fail to do sth 做某事失败 fail to pass the exam = fail in the exam 考试失败 3. cut out pieces of card with a pair of scissors 剪出- cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces 把-切成- 4. tidy up 收拾妥,整理好 tidy it up

39、5. keep it secret 保密 keep secrets for someone else 为别人保守秘密 keep secrets to oneself 自己保守秘密 6. go wrong 弄错,犯错, (机器)出故障 go bad/missing turn brown get lost 7. keep doing 持续不断做某事 有时也用 keep on doing continue to do/doing sth go on to do/doing sth 8. take time =take a long time 费时 Sometimes itll take time t

40、o do a DIY job. 9.be crazy about sth./be crazy about doing sth 对某事痴迷/ 痴迷于做某事 12 drive someone crazy/mad 使某人发狂 10. make sure 确保,保证 make sure to do/make sure that 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外的事儿 12. be crazy about sth./be crazy about doing sth 对某事痴迷/ 痴迷于做某事 drive someone crazy/mad

41、 使某人发狂 13. look terrible 看上去可怕 terribly busy 相当忙 14. fill the room with water 房间充满了水 fillwith用填充 be filled with-/be full of- 15. paint it blue 把它涂成蓝色 paint /colour (v.给-着色)sth. + 颜色 16. One., the other. 两者(一个 另一个) Another 不限定数量(另个一) 17. look as good as it tastes 看上去跟它尝起来一样好吃 taste v./n. tasty adj. 1

42、8get sth. ready 把准备好 prepare for sth. / prepare to do sth. 19some time 一段时间 sometime 某时 some times 几次 sometimes 有时 20stay at home all day 整天呆在家里 all day = the whole day 整天 21next door 在隔壁 隔壁的邻居 the neighbour next door 22have fun working together -起工作很开心 have fun/have a good time/enjoy oneself doing

43、sth 23. No problem. 没问题 A. 用于回答感谢 B. 用于回答道歉 C. 表示同意或愉快地回答请求 D. 表示有能力做某事,意为没问题,不在话下 24. Its time 的用法 Its time to do sth.该做某事了。 13 Its time for sth. 该做某事了 25. know everything about it 知道关于它的一切 know much more about DIY 关于自己动手做,知道多得多 26.It says,Do it yourself. Say 表报纸,杂志,标志牌或说明书上写着。 27.What do you need

44、for that ? 做那个你需要什么 ? 28. I am reading all the books myself and attending lessons every Saturday.我每周六一直在独自阅读所有的书并且上课。 attend 意为参加,出席。通常用作及物动词,其宾语通常是 meeting,party,show,wedding,class,lecture,school,church,lesson 等以及类似具有活动意义的名词。如: Did you attend the meeting yesterday? 你昨天去开会了吗? attend lessons/the meet

45、ing join the Reading Club join in /take part in the activity 29.They couldnt stay there because one end of the shelf was much higher than the other.书无法摆在上面,因为架子的一端比另一端要高得多。 副词 much+形容词比较级体现比较的程度。类似的表达还有 much bigger(大得多),much more(多得多),much more beautiful(漂亮得多)等。 30. pay some money for something (pai

46、d) 为某物付钱 pay someone to do something 付钱给某人做某事 sb. spend sm. on sth. (spent) 某人花-钱在某方面 sb spend sm. doing sth. 某人花-钱做某事 sth. cost sb. sm. (cost) 某物花费某人-钱 (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间 It takes/took sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。 doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 Eg:I _ two hou

47、rs on this maths problem. A new computer _ a lot of money. Repairing this car _him the whole afternoon. 31. advise-advice _ sb (not) to do sth give sb some _/suggestions(on sth) 32. leave leave sth at sp leave it in the air (行动上忘记) 14 forget to do/doing sth(思想上忘记) I _ my English book at home this mo

48、ring. 33. make a mistake / make mistakes 犯错(mistook) mistake-for- 把-误认为- Eg:She _ him _ the professor. 34. put up 张贴/搭建/进行 put on 穿上(衣服等) put-away-整理,收拾 put off 推迟,耽搁 put in 安装,插话 put -into -将注入- Eg:He took down the old picture and _ the new one. The meeting has been _because of the rain. You can do

49、 anything well if you_ your heart _ it. 35. 需要(实义) sb need sth /to do sth. sth need doing/to be done 需要(情态) sb neednt do sth Eg;The garden needs _(water). Does he need _(go) so soon? 36谓语就近原则:not onlybut(also)不仅而且;和都 either-or-/neither-nor-(两者) 谓语复数: both-and- Eg:When the girl is happy, she either (

50、sing)or ( dance). Neither dad nor mum (be)at home today. Not only Tom but also his classmates (be)working hard. Both she and I (be)good at English. 37.Here are clear instructions.这儿有很清楚的说明。 这句是个倒装句型。在英语中当句子以一些副词 there,here,so 等开头时,常需倒装。倒装句可分为两种类型:全部倒装和部分倒装。当主语是指物的名词时,采用全部倒装;当主语是人称代词时,则用部分倒装。如: There

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