人教版八年级英语上册Unit1 Grammar培优讲义(含答案)

上传人:hua****011 文档编号:190055 上传时间:2021-08-18 格式:DOCX 页数:15 大小:603.98KB
下载 相关 举报
人教版八年级英语上册Unit1 Grammar培优讲义(含答案)_第1页
第1页 / 共15页
人教版八年级英语上册Unit1 Grammar培优讲义(含答案)_第2页
第2页 / 共15页
人教版八年级英语上册Unit1 Grammar培优讲义(含答案)_第3页
第3页 / 共15页
人教版八年级英语上册Unit1 Grammar培优讲义(含答案)_第4页
第4页 / 共15页
人教版八年级英语上册Unit1 Grammar培优讲义(含答案)_第5页
第5页 / 共15页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

1、 Unit1 Grammar (一)一般过去时(一)一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。其结 构为: a. 主系表 主语was/were其他. b. 主谓宾 主语谓语动词(过去式)宾语. What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么? I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 1. 一般过去时的基本结构一般过去时的基本结构 实义动词 肯定句:主语 + 动词

2、过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句:主语 + didnt + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didnt go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didnt / did not. Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗? Yes, I did./No, I didnt. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。 特殊疑问句

3、:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了? I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 be 动词 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句:主语 + wasnt/werent + 其他. I wasnt at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答:Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗? Yes, I

4、was. / No,I wasnt. 是的,我在家。/ 不,我不在家。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪? I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 2. 一般过去时的构成一般过去时的构成 情况情况 构成方法构成方法 例词例词 一般情况 加-ed washwashed helphelped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hopehoped likeliked 以辅音字母+ y 结尾 变 y 为 i,再加-ed carrycarried studystudied 结尾只有一个辅

5、音字 母的重读闭音节词 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed stopstopped planplanned 3. 如何判定一般过去时如何判定一般过去时 (1)通过句子中是否有表示过去的时间状语来判定。 介词表示过去时间的年、月、日,如 in 1983 等。 yesterday以及由yesterday构成的短语: yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, the day before yesterday。 带有 ago 的短语,如 three days ago,five years ago。 last 构成的短语,如 last week/year/month 等。 表

6、示过去的词或短语,如 once,at that time,just now 等。 A nice car! Is it yours? No, it isnt. I _ it from a friend of mine two days ago. A. borrow B. have borrowed C. will borrow D. borrowed (2)若找不到明显的时间状语,则通过上下文判断。 Where did you go? 你去哪儿了? I went to Beijing. 我去北京了。 (3)两个或两个以上动词用 and 连接时,若前一个动词为过去式,后面的动词也要用其过去式。 I

7、 turned on the TV, sat down and watched the program. 我打开了电视,坐下来看节目。 My mother had breakfast and _ to work. A. go B. went C. going D. to go 【答案】B 【解析】and 连接两个动词,第一个为 had,第二个应用 go 的过去式 went。 4. 肯定句如何变为否定句肯定句如何变为否定句 (1)含有系动词 was,were直接在其后加 not。 (2)含有情态动词 could 等时直接在其后加 not。 (3)含有实义动词在该动词前加 did not/didn

8、t,并且该动词变为原形。 5. 陈述句如何变一般疑问句和特殊疑问句陈述句如何变一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 (1)若句中有 be 动词或情态动词,则把它们移到句首。 (2)若句中是行为动词,则在句首加 Did,谓语动词改为原形。 (3)特殊疑问句则需在一般疑问句基础上加上特殊疑问词。 1. (2018四川乐山)There is someone knocking at the door. It must be the repairman. I _ him to come to fix our fridge two hours ago. A. call B. have called C. called

9、【答案】C 2. (2016 湖南长沙)Your coat fits you well. Thank you. I _ it when I was on vacation. A. have bought B. buy C. bought 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意:你的大衣非常适合你。谢谢,它是在我出差的时候买的。 when 后的句子用的是一般过去时,所以这里也应用一般过去时。 (二)不定代词的用法(二)不定代词的用法 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 在本单元中,主要出现的不定代词为由 some,any,no,every 构成的复合不定代词,因此主要详细讲

10、 解这一部分不定代词的用法,在这些复合不定代词中,除 no one 以外,其他都要写成一个词。 1. 复合不定代词有:复合不定代词有: 一般过去时一般过去时 肯定句的过去式,规则动词加-ed,不规则的必须记。 否定形式疑问句,没有 be 加 did。 如把 did 加在前,动词也要还原形。 一般过去时一般过去时 肯定句的过去式,规则动词加-ed,不规则的必须记。 否定形式疑问句,没有 be 加 did。 如把 did 加在前,动词也要还原形。 物物 something 某物 anything 任何事物 nothing 无物 everything 每一件事 人人 somebody someone

11、 某人 anybody anyone 任何人 nobody no one 没有人 everybody everyone 每人 【注意】 由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2. 复合不定代词的定语复合不定代词的定语 (1)形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词时,要位于不定代词或不定副词之后,作后置定语。 Last night, I saw someone strange lying on the ground near my home. 昨晚在我家附近,我看见一个陌 生人躺在地上。 Many people like to go som

12、ewhere interesting to have a vacation. 许多人喜欢去有趣的地方度假。 (2)复合不定代词与动词不定式连用,不定式作后置定语。 Havent you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗? (2018湖北恩施)Tom, please come here. I have _ to tell you. OK. Im coming. A. anything important B. important something C. something important 【答案】C 3. 复合不定代词的属格复合不定代词的属格 1. 含-one 和-bo

13、dy 等指人的复合代词可有-s 属格形式。 Everybodys business is nobodys business. 大家的事情没人管。 Is this anybodys seat? 这儿有人坐吗? 2. 含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词后跟 else 时,-s 属格应加在 else 之后。 Can you remember someone elses name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗? 3. 含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词没有-s 属格形式。 4. 复合不定代词的数复合不定代词的数 复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时

14、,其后 的谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here today? 今天,大家都到齐了吗? Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。 1. Something _(be)wrong with my watch. 【答案】is 2. Everybody except Mike and Linda _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】C 【解析】 本题用主谓一致法。 句意: 当会议开始的时候, 除了迈克和琳达

15、大家都在那儿。 谓语动词与 except 前的主语 Everybody 保持一致,用单数,且时态是一般过去时。 5. 复合不定代词的否定复合不定代词的否定 1. not every-表示的是部分否定,意为并非都,不都。 Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。 The teacher didnt call everyones name. 老师并没有点所有人的名字。 2. not any-和 no-均表示全否定。 He listened, but heard nothing. 他听了听,但什么也没听到。 = He listened, but didnt h

16、ear anything. You havent called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话,是吗? = You have called no one/nobody up, have you? 巧学不定代词巧学不定代词 不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏; 单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。 (2016江苏常州卷)Though Kongfu Panda 3 is popular with teenagers, it wont be liked by _. A. nobody B. somebody C. everybody D. anybody 【答案】

17、C I. 选词(组)填空选词(组)填空 something,anyone,everyone,no one,anything,everything,nothing 1. Is there _ new in todays newspaper? 2. _ is ready, lets go swimming. 3. Can _ guess what this is? 4. I cant hear clearly. There may be _ wrong with your ears. 5. Who teaches you English? _. I learn it by myself. 6. K

18、angkang, is _ here today? No, Jim isnt here. He is in hospital. 7. Jim! Can you see the words on the blackboard? Sorry! I can see _. II. 单项选择单项选择 1.(2016北京卷)Where did you go last weekend? I _ to the Great Wall. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 2.(2016河南卷)There is someone knocking at the door. I

19、t must be the computer repairman. I _ him to come to fix my computer. A. call B. have called C. called D. will call 3.(2016湖北黄冈卷)Im sorry, Mr Hu. I _ my English exercise book at home. It doesnt matter. Please remember _ it here this afternoon. A. forgot;to bring B. left;to take C. forgot;to take D.

20、left;to bring 4.(2016江苏无锡卷)My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. missed B. was missing C. will miss D. would miss 5.(2016四川绵阳卷) Dont you see the sign No Parking! on the right? Sorry, I _. But now I know parking here is not right. A. dont B. didnt C. hadnt D. doesnt 6.(2

21、016山东菏泽卷)Oh, no! I cant find my mobile phone! Well, where _ you last put it? A. have B. do C. did 7.(2015广西柳州卷)I _ know you can play the piano so well. Thank you. A. didnt B. dont C. cant 8. (2016山东青岛卷)Ladies and gentlemen, attention please! I have _ important to tell you. A. nothing B. something C.

22、 everything D. anything 9.(2016重庆卷)Im sorry I know _ about it. Its a secret between them. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything 10.(2016江苏连云港卷)Dont worry. There is _ wrong with the TV set. Its only because of power cut. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 11.(2016贵州黔南州卷)Ive

23、 been so bored for a long time. I hope to have _ to do. A. exciting anything B. nothing exciting C. something interesting D. good something 12.(2016河南卷)What a bad day! Everyone has one of those days when _ goes right. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something 13.(2016江苏泰州卷)Is there else in t

24、he classroom? It is empty, _ is listening to a speech in the school hall. A. anyone;Anyone B. anyone;Everyone C. everyone;Anyone D. everyone;Everyone 14.(2015山东菏泽卷)Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing? _! He learned singing by himself. A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody 15. Our school library is very beaut

25、iful and it _ last year. A. builds B. was built C. is built 16. Yesterday I _ my leg and that made me _ sad. A. broke;felt B. break;feel C. broke;feel D. break;felt 17. We _ a picnic near the bank yesterday. A. had B. has C. have D. having 18. The exam was very easy, wasnt it? Yes, but I dont think

26、_ could pass it. A. somebody B. everybody C. nobody D. anybody 19. Dont let _ in. Im too busy to see _. A. nobody;somebody B. anybody;nobody C. anybody;anybody D. somebody;anybody 20. Can you cook eggs with tomatoes? Yes, of course. _ can do it, because it is easy, I think. A. Anyone B. Someone C. N

27、o one D. None of us III. 完形填空完形填空 The winter vacation is coming. How do you make your vacation 1 from your school life? Here is some 2 for you. Maybe it can help you learn while you have fun! You can go to visit 3 . There you can see a lot of interesting and valuable things, such as works of art or

28、historical items. That will help you learn more history 4 your country. Reading in the 5 is also a good choice. You can find different kinds of books there. You can read lots of English storybooks. It is 6 for your English learning. Traveling with your 7 is also exciting! Also, you can do many outdo

29、or activities, such as climbing the mountain, going to the beach. But you should always tell your parents 8 doing any of these things. It is a good idea to make a vacation book. You can write 9 in the vacation book: what you want to do for your vacation and what you see during your vacation. You can

30、 also draw something you like most on your vacation to make it more interesting. When a new term begins, you can 10 it with you to share your experience with your friends. 1. A. same B. different C. easy D. hard 2. A. reason B. advice C. answer D. problem 3. A. stores B. hospitals C. museums D. plac

31、es 4. A. on B. about C. in D. at 5. A. home B. library C. school D. shop 6. A. helpful B. bad C. easy D. difficult 7. A. friends B. parents C. mother D. father 8. A. after B. when C. before D. because 9. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. another thing 10. A. bring B. take C. talk D. tell IV. 语法

32、填空语法填空 I went to Sydney with my parents last month. We went there for the summer vacation. I was so excited about the 1 .We did many things there. On the first day, we 2 Sydney Opera House (悉尼歌剧院) in the morning. Then we 3 some delicious food for lunch. After lunch, we went to Taranga 4 . We saw lot

33、s of kangaroos (袋鼠) and koalas there. The kangaroos were very 5 and the koalas were very cute! In the evening we 6 along Darling Harbor (达令港). Then we had dinner at a restaurant 7 the harbor and next we went back to the h 8 to relax. There are a lot of interesting places to 9 in Sydney. We went to t

34、he beach and had fun the next day. It was an exciting trip. I really e 10 the vacation there! I hope to go there again. I. 选词(组)填空选词(组)填空 1. anything 2. Everything 3. anyone 4. something 5. No one 6. everyone 7. nothing II. 单项选择单项选择 1. B 【解析】句意:上个周末你去哪里了?我去长城了。根据时间状语 last weekend 可知此处用 一般过去时,因此要用动词的

35、过去式 went。故选 B。 2. C 【解析】句意:有人在敲门。一定是电脑维修人员。我给他打电话来修理我的电脑。因此先 打电话,然后维修人员来修理它,因此用一般过去时,故选 C。 3. D 【解析】句意:胡老师,对不起。我把英语练习本落在家里了。没关系。请记着今天下午把 它带到这儿。forget 忘记;leave 离开,落下;结合句意应是已经落在家里,故用一般过去时,故为 left。bring 带来;take 拿走;根据 here 可知此处是带来,用 bring,故选 D。 4. A 【解析】句意:我的心思不在他刚才所说的内容上,所以我担心我刚才错过了一半的内容。A. missed 一般过去

36、时;B. was missing 过去进行时 C. will miss 一般将来时;D. would miss 过去将来时。根据句 意可知,表示过去错过了一半的内容,所以用一般过去时,故选 A。 6. C 【解析】句意:哦,我找不到我的手机了。噢,你上次放在哪儿了?描述过去放在哪儿的, 用一般过去时态。一般过去时的疑问句,要借助助动词 did,动词要用原形。故选 C。 7. A 【解析】句意:我不知道你钢琴弹得那么好。谢谢。A. didnt 一般过去时态,指过去的状态 及过去发生的动作;B. dont 一般现在时态,指经常性、习惯性的动作;C. cant 不能,指能力;不可 能,表示否定的推测

37、。根据语境,说话时我已知道你钢琴弹得好,不知道是过去的状态,用一般过 去时,故选 A。 8. B 【解析】 考查复合不定代词。 句意: 女士们, 先生们, 请注意! 我要告诉你们一些重要的事情。 something 某事,某物,常用于肯定句中,也可用于表示请求的疑问句中;anything 任何事,任何物,可用在 否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中;everything 每件事,一切事;nothing = not anything;而 not everything 并非/不是所有的东西/事情。这些复合不定代词都作单数看待,作主语时谓语动词用单数 形式。形容词修饰复合不定代词要放在被修饰词之后。所以选

38、 B。 9. A 【解析】 考查不定代词的用法。 句意: 对不起我完全不知道关于那件事, 那是他们之间的秘密。 A. nothing 没有; B. something 某事; C. anything 任何事; D. everything 每件事情。 根据 Its a secret between them 可知,既然是他们之间的秘密,所以这里应该指的是不知道。故选 A。 10. B 【解析】 考查不定代词的用法。 句意: 不要担心, 你的电视机没有毛病, 只不过是停电了。 A. something 某事;B. nothing 没有事情;C. anything 任何事情;D. everythin

39、g 每件事情。根据 Its only because of power cut.可知,是停电了不是电视机坏了,故选 B。 11. C 【解析】考查不定代词。句意:我无聊好久了。我希望有有趣的事情做。根据句意可知本句是希望做 有趣的事,表示肯定,用 something;形容词修饰不定代词时,放在被修饰词之后。故选 C。 12. A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意: 多么糟糕的一天! 每个人都有这么一天,没什么好事。 nothing 没什么; anything 任何事; everything 一切; something 某事;根据 What a bad day!可知是 不好的一天,因此是没什么好

40、事,故用代词 nothing,故选 A。 13. B 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:在教室里有人吗?教室是空的,大家在学校礼堂正在 听演讲。anyone=anyone,任何人,经常用于疑问句或者否定句中;everyone 大家,每一个人。结合句 意,故选 B。 14. C 【解析】 考查不定代词辨析。 句意: 谁教的朱之文唱歌?没有人, 他自学的唱歌。 A. Everybody 每个人;B. Somebody 某人,有人 C. Nobody 没有人。从后句 He learned singing by himself.(他自学 的唱歌)可以推测出,没有人教他,没有人:nobody。故选 C。

41、 17. A 【解析】 句意: 昨天我们在公园附近野餐。 根据时间状语 yesterday 可知此处要用一般过去时, 即 had, 故选 A。 18. B 【解析】句意:考试非常容易,是吗?是的,但我不认为每个人都能考过。somebody 某 人;everybody 每个人;nobody 没有人;anybody 任何人。根据 yes 可知,其本人可以通过考试, 根据 but 转折可知,其认为有部分人无法通过,可知不能每个人通过,故选 C。 19. C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:不要任何人进来。我太忙了不想见任何人。dont 表示否定, 应该用 anybody;too.to.结构意为太而

42、不能,也表示否定。故选 C。 20. A 【解析】考查不定代词。句意:你会做西红柿鸡蛋吗?当然了,任何人都会做。我认为太 简单了。Anyone 任何人;Someone 某人;No one 没有人;None of us 我们当中没有一个,所以 选 A。 III. 完形填空完形填空 【文章大意】这篇短文作者主要针对假期提出了几点建议,我们可以去参观博物馆,可以图书馆看书, 也可以和朋友一起去旅行。并且可以写一本有关假期的书,开学后和朋友们分享自己的经历。 1. B 【解析】考查语境理解及形容词。same 相同的;different 不同的;easy 轻松的,容易的;hard 努力 的,困难的。结合

43、语境可知此处指的是,让你的假期生活不同于学校生活。故选 B。 2. B 【解析】考查语境理解及名词。reason 原因,理由;advice 建议,忠告;answer 答案;problem 问题, 难题。联系后一句描述可知此处指的是,这儿有一些建议给你。故选 B。 6. A 【解析】考查语境理解及形容词。helpful 有帮助的;bad 坏的,糟糕的;easy 轻松的,容易的;difficult 困难的。结合语境可知此处指的是对你的英语学习有帮助。故选 A。 7. A 【解析】考查语境理解及名词。friends 朋友;parents 父母;mother 母亲;father 父亲。联系本段描 述可

44、知此处指的是和朋友出去旅行。故选 A。 8. C 【解析】考查语境理解及连词。after 在之后;when 当时;before 在之前,以免;because 因为。结合语境可知此处指的是在做这些事情之前,告诉你的父母。故选 C。 9. B 【解析】考查语境理解及不定代词。nothing 什么也没有;anything 任何事情;something 一些事情; another thing 另一件事情。联系后两句描述可知此处指的是,你可以在这本书里面写任何东西。故 选 B。 10. B 【解析】考查语境理解及动词。bring 带来;take 拿,取,接受;talk;D. tell 告诉,讲述。结合语

45、境 可知此处指的是,你可以带上它和你的朋友一起分享你的经历。故选 B。 IV. 语法填空语法填空 【文章大意】这篇短文中作者主要讲述了上个月和父母一起去悉尼过暑假的经过。文章介绍,作者参 观了悉尼歌剧院、野生动物园、达令港,整个旅途非常令人兴奋,他希望能够再次去悉尼游玩。 1. trip 【解析】根据语境可知句意为:我对这次旅程非常兴奋。这是对整个旅程的回顾,故应填:trip。 2. visited 【解析】根据语境可知句意为:我们参观了悉尼歌剧院。联系上文可知,作者他们是到悉尼度假, 因此不免会参观一些名胜古迹,故应填:visited。 3. had 【解析】根据语境可知句意为:然后我们午餐

46、吃了一些美味的食物。因为是午餐,所以主要是吃东 西。故应填:had。 4. Zoo 【解析】 根据下文 We saw lots of kangaroos (袋鼠) and koalas there 的描述并结合知识可知, Taranga Zoo 这里指的是悉尼最大最出名的野生动物园 Taranga Zoo,故应填:Zoo。 5. friendly 【解析】根据语境可知句意为:袋鼠很友好,考拉很可爱。结合 the koalas were very cute 的描述 可知,这里是指两种动物的特性,故可填:friendly。 6. walked 【解析】根据语境可知句意为:晚上我们沿着达令港散步。walk along 表示“沿着走” ,因为 是叙述过去的事,故应填:walked。 9. visit 【解析】 根据语境可知这里指的是在悉尼有许多好玩的地方可参观。 这里是动词不定式作后置定语, 故应填:visit。 10. enjoyed 【解析】根据语境可知句意为:我真的享受在那里的假期。结合所给首字母提示可知,这里指 的是“喜欢” 、 “享受” ,故可填:enjoyed。

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索
资源标签

当前位置:首页 > 初中 > 初中英语 > 人教版(新目标) > 八年级上册