1、 20202020 考研英语二真题及答案考研英语二真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be
2、 a good parent is undoubtedly very _1_, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, _2_, a younger sibling. _3_, there s another sort of parent that s a bit easier to _4_: a p
3、atient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, _5_ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy _6_. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a _7_ and composed style with their kids. I understand this. Youre only human, and som
4、etimes your kids can _8_ you just a little too far. And then the _9_ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too _10_ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could _11_ the clock and start over. Weve all been there. _12_, even though its com
5、mon, its important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may _13_ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also _14_ your childs self-esteem. If you consistently lose your _15_ with your kids, the
6、n you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the _16_ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maint
7、ain emotional control when _17_ by stress is one of the most important of all lifes skills. Certainly, its incredibly _18_ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with _19
8、_ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and _20_ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally. 1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky 2. A in addition B for example C at once
9、 D by accident 3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually 4. A amuse B assist C describe D train 5. A while B because C unless D once 6. A answer B task C choice D access 7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical 8. A move B drag C push D send 9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious
10、 D inevitable 10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague 11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up 12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise 13. A like B miss C believe D regret 14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect 15. A time B bond C race D cool 16. A nature B secret C importance D cont
11、ext 17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted 18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong 19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising 20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape 今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心， 属于比较生活的话题。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。 1.【答案】D tricky 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想
12、成为好的 父母。空格句开头为 but，句意上出现了转折， “但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since 后给出了原因， “因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。tricky 意为“棘 手的，困难的”，符合句意。 2.【答案】B for example 【解析】 此处考察上下文逻辑关系。 前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同 的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反 应更好些。所以用表示举例分析的 for example 最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不 合适。 3.【答案】A Fortunately 【解析】此处考察副词词义
13、辨析+上下文语境。空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会 容易一些， 这类就是非常耐心的父母。 第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题， 这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄 段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。故选 Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最 终地都不合适。 4.【答案】C describe 【解析】 此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。 第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母 是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe 与 define 相呼应， 故选 C 符合句意。 5.【答案】A w
14、hile 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母， 但这并不容易。逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中 while 表转折，选 A 符合句意。 6.【答案】B task 【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这不是个容易的差 事/任务。task 意为任务，其余选项答案，选择，途径/权限都不合适，故选 B 符合句意 7.【答案】A tolerant 【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。空格所在句指出有时父母会很累很沮丧，这时候对待孩 子就很难沉着冷静（composed）和包容。tolerant 意为包容的，故选 A 符合句意。 8.【答案】
15、C push 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人，而且有时候 孩子会把你逼的很紧。push 为催促/紧逼，此处 move（移动，使感动），drag（拖拽），send （发送）均不符合句意，故选 C。 9.【答案】D inevitable 【解析】此处考察形容词词意辨析+上下文语境。空格前一句指出：有时候孩子会把你逼的 很紧。空格后一句指出你会失去耐心，对孩子大吼大叫。那么这是孩子把你逼的很紧的必然 结果，inevitable 为无法避免的/必然的，故选 D 符合句意。 10.【答案】C harsh 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格句句意：你会失去耐
16、心并对孩子大吼大叫， 而且有时候会说一些很伤人/刻薄的话，对每个人都没好处。根据上下文，something 后面 的形容词一定是贬义的，harsh 为刺耳的/严格的，故选 C。 11.【答案】A turn back 【解析】此处考察动词搭配+上下文语境。空格句句意：你会希望时间倒流，一切重新再来。 turn back 为（使）往回走，take apart 为拆开/拆解，set aside 为把.放一旁/不理会， cover up 为盖起来，均不符合句意，故选 A。 12.【答案】C however 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格句指出：然而，即使是这是很普遍的现象，我们还 是要牢记，哪怕
17、只是一点点的疲惫，都会让你对孩子说一些你会后悔很久的话。上一段描述 了一般情况下父母是如何对孩子失去耐心，并且这很普遍（Weve all been there/its common)，空格句对比上一段发生了转折，故选 C。 13.【答案】D regret 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。上一段描述了父母如何对孩子失去耐心，然 后又希望时间倒流一切重新再来， 那么疲惫时对孩子说的话一定是会让你后悔 （regret） 的， 其他选项喜欢，错过，相信均不符合上下文，故选 D。 14.【答案】B affect 【解析】 考察动宾搭配。 结合原文语境， “这也许不仅会伤害你和孩子之间的关系，
18、而且会. 你的孩子的自尊” 所以这里填上一个动词接后面的宾语自尊心， 所以答案只能是 affect, “影 响自尊心”。而 raise 提高，养育；justify 证明合理性；reflect 影响，均不能合理搭配。 15.【答案】D cool 【解析】本题考察动宾搭配，也是主题复现，cool 有“冷静之意。“如果你总是对你的孩 子失去.,” 本文一直在探讨的主题就是对孩子要有耐心， 因此符合题意的只能是 cool, 而 time 时间，bond 结合，纽带，race 比赛，种族都不符合这里的语境。 16.【答案】C importance 【解析】本题考察名词的修饰关系，A of B 的结构中填
19、名词 A，主要参照后面 of 结构对它 的修饰作用。Of 结构在这里表示“建立对孩子宽容和耐心的.”联系前面说”我们越来越 重视.”因此符合题意的应该是 importance“重要性”nature，自然、天性；secret 秘密， context 环境。 17.【答案】D confronted 【解析】本题考查动宾搭配，根据本题语境，“事实上，在.压力时情绪调节或维持情绪 控制的能力是所有生活技能中最重要的一项” ， 压力前面应该搭配 “面对” 故选择 confronted 其他的 cheated 欺骗，defeated 打败，confused 困惑均不符合。 18.【答案】B hard 【解
20、析】此处考察表语形容词。主要参照跟前面的 incredible 加起来表示“不可避免的. 一直对孩子保持耐心”可以先看选项 terrible 糟糕的，strange 奇怪的，wrong 错误的，这 三个都不能放在此处形成合理搭配，所以 hard 更合适。 19.【答案】A trying 【解析】 本题考察修饰关系。 根据原文语境 “一个更实际的目标是去尝试， 尽你最大的能力， 当你面对涉及孩子的.情况时， 尽可能地宽容和冷静” 需要父母宽容和冷静的应该是不太 好的情况，答案 trying 做形容词表示“令人厌烦的”最合适。changing 变化，exciting 激动人心的 surprisin
21、g 令人惊讶的，均不能体现这里的含义。 20.【答案】B emerge 【解析】考察动宾搭配，这里的句义是“朝着这个目标努力的结果是，你和你的孩子将受益 并从很有压力的这些时候.，在身体和情感上感觉更好”。只有“浮现，出现”最符合， 所以选择 emerge， 而 hide 隐藏，withdraw 撤退，escape 逃避均为负面含义，故不符合。 Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosi
22、ng A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the Univers
23、ity of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats. They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial 一 for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a compute
24、r mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,
25、 the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot
26、as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. The re
27、adiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We d assumed we d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like
28、a real rat, but that wasnt necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research. The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, e
29、ven when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles. 21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can_ A pickup social signals from non-living rats B distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile
30、one C attain sociable traits through special training D send out warning messages to their fellow 22. What did the social robot do during the experiment? A It followed the social robot. BIt played with some toys. C It set the trapped rats free. DIt moved around alone. 23. According to Quinn, the rat
31、s released the social robot because they_ A tried to practice a means of escape B expected it to do the same in return C wanted to display their intelligence Dconsidered that an interesting game 24. James Wiles notes that rats_ Acan remember other rats facial features B differentiate smells better t
32、han sizes C respond more to cations than to looks Dcan be scared by a plastic box on wheels 25. It can be learned from the text that rats_ Aappear to be adaptable to new surroundings B are more socially active than other animals C behave differently from children in socializing Dare more sensitive t
33、o social cues than expected 21. 【答案】A pick up social signals from non-living rats 解析： 本题目为细节题， 考察具体细节。 根据题干关键词 Quinn and her colleagues 和 a test 定位到第一段第二句。To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats
34、can detect social signals from robotic rats. 为了查明这是否延伸到了非生物，Quinn 和她的同事测试了老鼠能否从机器老鼠身上探测到社会信号。正确答案 A 是原文的同义替 换。选项 B 的 distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one 区分友好的老鼠和敌对的 老鼠，并未提及，是常识性干扰。选项 C 的 attain sociable traits through special training 通过特殊训练获得社交品质，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。选项 D 的 send out warning mess
35、ages to their fellow 向它们的同伴发出警告信息，原文并未提及，属于无 中生有。 22.【答案】D It moved around alone. 解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 the asocial robot 和 experiment 定位到第三段最后一句 Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.同时，不具有社交能力的机器人只能进行简单的前后左右移 动。 正确答案 D It moved around alone.是原文的同义替换。
36、 选项 A的It followed the social robot.它跟随具备社交能力的老鼠， 与原文 the social robot rat followed the living rats around 不符，原文说的是具备社交能力的老鼠跟随真老鼠，属于张冠李戴。选项 B 的 It played with some toys.它玩一些玩具，与原文不符，原文中说的是具备社交能力的老鼠玩 同样的玩具，属于张冠李戴。选项 C 的 It set the trapped rats free.它释放了被困的老 鼠也与原文内容不符， 原文说的同样是具备社交能力的老鼠， 而题干问的是不具备社交能力 的
37、老鼠在实验中做了什么，属于张冠李戴。 23.【答案】B expected it to do the same in return 解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Quinn 和 the rats released the social robots 往下定位到第四五段，第五段最后一句 This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quin
38、n. Quinn 说：这可能会让老鼠更好地记住早些时候已经释放 了机器人，并希望机器人在它们被困住时能回报它们的恩惠。正确答案 B expected it to do the same in return 是原文的同义替换。干扰项 A 的 tried to practice a means of escape 试图尝试一种逃跑的方法， 原文并未提及， 属于无中生有。 选项C的 wanted to display their intelligence 想要展示它们的智慧，文中并未提到，属于无中生有。选项 D 的 considered that an interesting game 觉得是个有趣
39、的游戏在原文当中也没有体现，属于无中生有。 24.【答案】C respond more to actions than to looks 解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 James Wiles 定位到第六七段，尾 段尾句 We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, says Wiles. Wiles 说：“我们人类似乎对机器人很着迷，事实证明其他动物也 很着迷。”再结合尾段前面部分的阐述，会发现正确答案 C respond more to actions
40、 than to looks 对行动的反应多于对外表的反应，是原文的类似表达。干扰项 A 的 can remember other rats facial features 能够记住其他老鼠的面部特征，与原文内容不符，原文第六 段说的是假设赋予机器老鼠面部特征， 那都不重要， 属于偷换概念。 选项 B 的 differentiate smells better than sizes 与体型大小相比，能够更好地区分气味，原文中只提到赋予机 器老鼠真老鼠的气味，与原文不符，属于偷换概念。选项 D 的 can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 会被装有轮子的塑
41、料盒子吓坏，文中机器老鼠只是装有轮子的塑料盒子，还 是属于偷换概念。 25.【答案】D are more sensitive to social cues than expected 解析：本题目为推断题，考察基于全文主旨进行推断。题干并没有具体关键词，因此需要通 过选项回到文中逐一对应。正确答案 D are more sensitive to social cues than expected 对社交线索比预期更敏感，与原文尾段首句 The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come fro
42、m basic robots.（这一发现显示了老鼠对社交暗 示的敏感程度，即使是来自基本机器老鼠的社交暗示）属于类似表达。选项 A 的 appear to be adaptable to new surroundings 似乎能适应新环境，在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。 选项 B 的 are more socially active than other animals 比其他动物更活跃，文中只提到 其他动物也一样会对机器人着迷，属于偷换概念。干扰项 C 的 behave differently from children in socializing 在社交活动中表现得与孩子不同，与原文内容
43、相反，原文内容指 的是孩子们倾向于把机器人当作人来对待， 即使他们只显示简单的社会信号。 这一点与老鼠 是一样的，属于正反混淆。 Text 2 It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 5
44、00% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year. The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of Americas highest-earning 1% have
45、been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. Its not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy. Todays CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills th
46、an simply being able to“run the company CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there s the fact that larg
47、e American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-
48、day work they have always done. The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesnt explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance t
49、hat CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.” Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate valu
