1、35 35 应用文体素材储备与写作指导应用文体素材储备与写作指导 20212021 年中考英语书面表达高分作文攻略(全国通用版)年中考英语书面表达高分作文攻略(全国通用版) 相关话题素材储备相关话题素材储备 应用文是中考写作中的常见文体,主要包括信件和邮件、日记、演讲稿、宣传广告、倡议书等形式, 其中尤以信件和邮件居多。写作要求中会设定情境,要求考生根据假设的情况做书面表达。 应用文作为写作文体,其话题范围较广。 中小学英语课程标准初中阶段提到的不少话题,如 interest and hobbies(兴趣与爱好),personal information(个人信息),social commun
2、ication (社会交际),cultures and customs(文化习俗),illness and health(疾病与健康)等,都可能会要求学生以应用文体裁来呈现。 在应用文写作中,首先要明确所写的是何种类型的应用文,准确地使用对应的写作格式与表达方式, 比如信件、邮件、日记的写作需要注意格式,发言稿、倡议书等还需要注意语言的得体性。其次,写作内 容紧扣所给的情境,以所给身份的视角而非自己的感受体验来写作,并且要注意写作的对象是谁,使所写 内容具有针对性。 这一类作文命题比较常见,比如: 1、假设你是张翔,你的朋友孙磊上周来信说,他的同桌上课经常找借口跟他说话,这使得他非常苦恼, 不
3、知道如何处理这事。请你给他写封信,提出一些建议并帮助她。 2、Suppose you are a fan of Where are we going, Dad. Please write a letter to the programme and recommend a place for them to spend a3-day trip. 近来爸爸去哪儿节目轰动了全国。如果你是这个节目的忠实粉丝,请给栏目组写一封推荐信,推 荐一个适合父亲与孩子共度三天两夜的地方,并请至少给出两个理由。 3、Suppose you will give a speech at the school gradu
4、ation ceremony. Please write something on what you want to say to both your teachers and schoolmates. 情假设在毕业前夕,你的学校要为初三学生举办一场毕业典礼, 你将作为学生代表进行简短的发言, 请写- -篇不少于 60 个词的发言稿。 相关话题作文示例指导相关话题作文示例指导 以下是一篇来自网络的应用文佳作供大家学习参考,初步了解应用文写作: 题目题目 1.假设你是李华,在得知四川大地震的消息之后,作为校学生会主席,你决定给灾区的中学生写-封慰 问信,主要内容包括: (1)对四川发生突如其来的
5、特大地震灾害感到非常难过; (2)全校师生向灾区表示慰问的同时,共计捐款 12 万元; 件) (3) 希望灾区人民看到希望,重建家园。 优秀范文优秀范文 Dear friends, Im awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown. Though faced with such a rarely- seen disaster,you still remain calm and strong. We are all moved to tears. A frie
6、nd in need is a friend indeed. Thinking about your present situation, we cannot wait a minute to make every bit of our effort to help you. As the chairman of the student union, I want to express our most sincere pity and care to you on behalf of all my schoolmates. In addition, we make a donation of
7、 120thousand yuan to you, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty. A better hometown can be rebuilt.Therefore, never give up whatever happens. Remember we wont be far away when you need any help! Yours, Li Hua 注注 信的开头点明写信的背景,对他人的不幸遭遇可用 I am sorry to hear that .副词 unexpectedly (意想不 到
8、地)用得很地道。 用让步状语从句,突出了灾区人民的坚强; be faced with (面对)的词组搭配、rarely-seen(罕见的)这一复 合形容词、be moved to tears (感动落泪)的搭配给句子增加了亮点。 “患难见真情”,谚语的使用体现出作者积累之多。 make every bit of effort to do sth.尽切努力做某事, 此处也可用词组 try ones best to do sth,表达同一意 思。 on behalf of sb. 代表某人。 In addition(此外), 连接词的使用让文章更通顺, 层次更分明; make a donation
9、 of(捐赠), expecting that . 期望),go through difficulty(度过难关),这些表述都增加了文采。 点评点评 这封慰问信具有鲜明的体裁特征。慰问信首先要明确慰问的对象是谁,他们需要得到哪些精神或物质 上的慰问。其次,既然是慰问,语言上要具有感情色彩,或同情或鼓励,给对方信心。从以上内容和语言 上看,这封慰问信可以说是-篇成功的应用文。 根据写作对象,作者选择了合适的语言。作者清楚地意识到,慰问对象为地震灾区人民,因此语言上 要体现出对灾区人民的关怀。作者使用了一些表示情感色彩的词句,如 I am sorry to hear that . express
10、our most sincere pity and care to you, never give up 等,使读信的受灾群众能感受到写信人的情真意切。同时,写 信人为校学生会主席,代表全校师生写这封信,作者也注意了用词的代表性,如 on behalf of, we . 根据写作要求,确定写作的内容和结构。题目要求很明确,依次围绕表达同情、全校捐款、给予信心 三个要点写作,全文也紧扣这几点。值得一提的是, 虽然提示里未提及,但作为信件,在篇首都应当写明 写信目的或背景, 如本信的“I am awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe ear
11、thquake unexpectedly hit your hometown.即简明扼要地表明了写信的背景。 To: Lihua From: H 相关话题优秀中考满分作文解析相关话题优秀中考满分作文解析 (一)(一) 假定你是李华,收到英国笔友 Harry 的邮件,获悉他在机器人制作比赛中获奖。请根据邮件内容 给他回复。词数 80 左右。 参考词汇:congratulation 祝贺注意事项: 1. 回复邮件时可适当发挥,邮件格式已给出,不计入总词数; 2. 意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范; 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名及地名。 Dear Harry, _ _ Dear Li
12、Hua, Im glad to tell you that Ive just won the first place in a robot-making competition. I love robots! They bring me great fun. What do you think of robots? Do you want to have your own robot? Why? Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, _ _ _ _ _ Yours, Li Hua 【写作思路写作思路】 此类观点表达和原因说明类的作文,在我们三轮
13、的中考复习中进行过系统的训练。 学生可根据日常 所授的写作模板,对全文内容及结构进行合理安排。 (1)结构:开头表示祝贺,使用所给提示词; (2)正文要点:表达兴趣并说明原因,至少两点(如热点科技,对科技创新的兴趣,对生活的改变, 对医疗、救援 的帮助等); 写作时从单词拼写到句子结构,从时态到语态,都应该注意统一。在打草稿时把需要用到的关键词、 高级句式、关键结构甚至注意事项等简单地写在题目旁边,以尽量规避错误。 【参考范文参考范文】 Dear Harry, Congratulations!How glad I am to share your good news! I think robo
14、ts are helpful in many ways. And in the future, they will play more important roles in our daily life. Plus, I am dying to have a robot of my own. I can have it take care of my grandparents when we are not at home. You see, my grandparents are old and cannot move easily. It can help them do some hou
15、sework such as cooking, cleaning the house and so on. Hoping you will make greater progress. Yours, Li Hua (二)(二) 假设你某英语报社的编辑 Rina, 收到 Li Wei 同学的来信,诉说了因为肥胖常遭到同学嘲笑的苦恼,并 向你寻求建议。请你根据以下提示给 Li Wei 回信。 要求:1. 须包括所有要点提示并适当补充,语句通顺,意思连贯; 2. 词数:100 词左右;开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数; 3. 文中不得出现个人真实姓名和校名。 参考词汇:laugh at; care a
16、bout; high- fat food; the more. , the healthier. Dear Li Wei, Ive received your letter and I can understand you. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Yours, Rina 【写作思路写作思路】 假设你某英语报社的编辑Rina, 收到Li Wei 同学的来信,诉说了因为肥胖常遭到同学嘲笑的苦恼,并 向你寻求建议。请你根据以下提示给Li Wei 回信。本题给出了主要写作要点,动笔前要先认真阅读要点, 确定写作内容,并适当发挥。根据内容可知本文主要是一般现在时态和将来时态,写作中注意标点符号及
17、大小写等问题,不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系,语意连贯。 【参考范文参考范文】 Dear Li Wei, I have received your letter and I can understand you. You must feel bad when being laughed at use of your over-weight. Here is my advice for you. Firstly, there is no need to care about what others think of you. The most important thing is to
18、 be confident, as it will help you have courage to face and overcome your trouble. Secondly, try to eat healthily keep away from high-fat food and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. A balanced diet is very important for losing weight. Thirdly, I strongly advise you to exercise more often. Youd b
19、etter get up early in the morning and do some sports regularly. The more you exercise, the healthier youll be. I hope my advice will be helpful to you. Yours, Rina 点评点评 这是一篇很好的文章, 文中用到了一些好的句型: Firstly, there is no need to care about what others think of you.;Secondly, try to eat healthily keep away from high-fat food and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. A balanced diet is very important for losing weight.这些给文章增色不少。