1、2021 高考英语二轮高考英语二轮阅读理解讲解及练习阅读理解讲解及练习（十七十七） 一：知识梳理一：知识梳理 主旨题主旨题解题解题 a：main idea b：best title c：本文目的；想告诉我们什么 d：本文可能来自于 1：主旨题解题方法 ： 1）找到各段中心句 a：读完之后总结 b：1；2 句或最后一句 中心句特点： 第一句是中心：无特点 第二句是中心：1；2 句存在转折关系 ， but 中心句 中，although 1；2 句存在递进关系 ， indeed/moreover 中心句 第 1 句是过渡句：not anymore；no longer 第三句是中心：总之。all in
2、 all；generally；generally speaking；in conclusion 一般不会有 in a word 2）总结：看第 1 句是不是有 not anymore；no longer，if yes，第二句为中心句，if not，看第二句 和第一句是否存在转折递进关系，if yes，第二句为中心句，if not，看尾句，如果尾句有总之，则尾 句为中心句；if not；中心句为第一句 （A） How to Use a Modern Public Library Has it been a while since your last visit to a public libra
3、ry? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. Its been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business. C
4、heck out a book. While libraries still loan out(出借)books, youll find it easier to get a copy of whatever youre looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book youve requ
5、ested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up. Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats(载体形式). You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan ou
6、t toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isnt offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown. Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps youd like to learn a
7、 language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while
8、 you sit quietly in a corner with a good book. Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will
9、help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce(商会)and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need. 1 .Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by_. A.sharing their books
10、on the Internet B.giving access to online reading at a library branch C.sending a needed book to a library branch nearby D.making the checkout procedures diverse 2 .According to Paragraph 3, what items may be checked out from a public library? A.A magazine and an e-book. B.A game and an oil painting
11、. C.A music CD and a kids toy. D.A DVD and a video player 3 .As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows _. A.the kid to learn a new language B.the parent to enjoy quiet reading C.the kid to overcome reading difficulties D.the parent to meet their program spon
12、sor 4 .Your local library can help you start a business by _. A.providing relevant information and supporting services B.offering professional advice on business management C.supplying useful information of your potential buyers D.arranging meetings with government officials 5 .What is the purpose o
13、f the passage? A.To point out the importance of public libraries. B.To encourage people to work in public libraries. C.To introduce the improved services of public libraries. D.To call for the modernization of public library systems. （B） My dream of working in a flower shop had its roots in my grand
14、mothers garden,always in bloom,where I made bunches with whatever I could get my hands on.However,I wasnt prepared for the people.Their stories impressed me long after I locked up for the night. I always enjoyed reading the messages that went along with each bunch.Most were what you would expect,ple
15、nty of “I Love You” and“Get Well Soon”.We got “Happy Birthday” “Happy Anniversary” and “Thinking of You” requests that were written in shorthandH.B.,H.A.,T.O.Y. I would laugh at messages that seemed too sugary or boring,and it disheartened me when customers asked what their sympathy card should say.
16、But I also understood that finding the right words could be a monumental task and that sometimes those words just happened to be the same ones everyone else was using. I have sold flowers to single men and women,to color-blind fathers shopping with their precocious daughters,to new parents,grandpare
17、nts,aunts and uncles and to couples celebrating 50 years.Ive given flowers to homeless men who had in turn given them to pretty girls in summer dresses.People buy flowers when theyre in love,in trouble,drunk,devastated,excited and sometimes for no obvious reason. I took photos of card messages and t
18、old my favorite shop stories to co-workers,family and friends,but still so much got away.Precious moments made all more precious by the fact that they had already come and gone.Now I gauge months by whats in season: sunflowers in July,dahlias (大丽花)in August,roses and maple in October,pine in Decembe
19、r,hyacinth(风 信子) in March. A favorite of mine is tulip magnolia(紫玉兰),the way the buds(花蕾) break into flowers and the flowers into many colors on lawns,all in a matter of weeks while its snowing cherry blossoms.How surprisingly beautiful the life of flowers can be! 1.Why did the author like reading t
20、he messages going with the bunches? A.They conveyed friendship,love and best wishes. B.They reminded the author of her past. C.They were sugary and the author found them funny. D.They helped to attract customers to buy flowers. 2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A.The messages were boring because
21、 of repetitions. B.The author likes tulip magnolia because of its growing place. C.The author found it depressing to talk about sympathy cards. D.The author learned a lot in her grandmothers garden. 3.What does the underlined word “gauge” probably mean in Paragraph 5? A.Spend. B.Forget. C.Arrange. D
22、.Measure. 4.What does the author learn from the flower shop? A.She understands that everyone has a favorite flower. B.She learns that life is more beautiful with flowers. C.She realizes that flowers sell well with message cards. D.She finds out that message cards are worth cherishing. （C） Bacteria a
23、re an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not j
24、ust any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms,like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordons students have bee
25、n studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案).“We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold,a project manager. “There are no tests,” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are n
26、o grades,other than Are you working towards your goal?Basically,its Ive got to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and. its not a very nice thing at times.Its a hard business review of your product.” Gordon says the
27、 HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution
28、to test in space. 1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A.They are hard to get rid of. B.They lead to air pollution. C.They appear in different forms. D.They damage the instruments. 2.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A.To strengthen teacher-student relatio
29、nships. B.To sharpen students communication skills. C.To allow students to experience zero gravity. D.To link space technology with school education. 3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A.Check their product. B.Guide project designs. C.Adjust work schedules. D.Grade thei
30、r homework. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.NASA:The Home of Astronauts B.Space:The Final Homework Frontier C.Nature:An Outdoor Classroom D.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform （D） According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eatin
31、g companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers con
32、ducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her
33、natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.
34、 However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more
35、 candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “Ill have what shes having” effect. However, well adjust the influence. If an overweight
36、person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I? 1.What is the recent study mainly about? A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership. C.Consumer demand. D.Eatin
37、g behavior. 2.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons. C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons. 3 .Why did the researchers hire the actor? A.To see how she would affect the participants. B.To test if the participants could recognize her. C.To
38、 find out what she would do in the two tests. D.To study why she could keep her weight down. 4 .On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be. C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food. （E） During the rosy years
39、 of elementary school(小学),I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens,and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing
40、 jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard
41、 friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr.Prinsteins studies show unpleas
42、ant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school,as well as those least liked in elementary school,are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior”. In one study,Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring the least liked,the most liked
43、 and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the op
44、posite effect on us.” Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing,kindness,opennesscarry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusi
45、on:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those outcomes,too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said. 1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of
46、 elementary school? A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool. 2.What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.The classification of the popular. B.The characteristics of adolescents. C.The importance of interpersonal skills. D.The causes of dishonorable behavior. 3.What did Dr.Prinsteins study find abo
47、ut the most liked kids? A.They appeared to be aggressive. B.They tended to be more adaptable. C.They enjoyed the highest status. D.They performed well academically. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.Be NiceYou Wont Finish Last B.The Higher the Status,the Better C.Be the BestYou Can Make It D.More Self-Control,Less Aggressiveness 参考答案： A 篇：CCBAC B 篇：ACDB C 篇：ADAB D 篇：DDAC E 篇：CABA
