1、山西省大同市山西省大同市 2020 届高三下学期届高三下学期 3 月模拟考试月模拟考试 英语试卷英语试卷 第第卷卷( (共共 100 分分) ) 第二部分第二部分 阅读理解阅读理解(共两节共两节,满分满分 60 分分) 第一节第一节(共共 15 小题小题;每小题每小题 3 分分,满分满分 45 分分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。项涂黑。 A Bull Run Regional Park Thus family- friendly park is aro
2、und 30 miles from the District. Bull Run is a history fans delight：It provides access to the nearly 20-mile Occoquan Trail, which was used during the war. The trail is one of many hiking options on the 1,500-acre grounds. Each cabin($85 to $95 per night) accommodates six people and offers such luxur
3、ies(奢 华)as electricity, heat and swing. Savage River Lodge Savage River Lodge-about three hour drive from the District- specializes in a solid roof and a side of luxury. Savage River is surrounded by more than 700 acres of thick forest, and popular activities include fly-fishing. biking, hiking and
4、cross -country skiing. Cabins start at $250 per night. Cherry Hill Park Given its proximity (邻近) to the District, this family-owned campground is particularly appealing to visitors who are traveling to the area via recreational vehicle. It also offers buses to the subway and organizes sightseeing to
5、urs as well as daily educational sessions. Guests can play mini golf, go fishing, or hit the basketball court. Cabins start at $99 per night. Maple Tree Campground Maple Tree Campground is about a 90-minute drive from the District. Come to this campground for natures evening show: It always has real
6、ly pretty sunsets. While theres no electricity, guests can use a wood stove for heat and cooking. Field tent sites start at $8 per night and tree cottages $65 per night 1. Whats the minimum cost for a group of 10 to stay at Bull Run Regional Park for one night? A. $85. B. $95 C. $170 D. $850 2. Whic
7、h tour spot is suitable for people traveling by public transport? A. Cherry Hill Park. B. Savage River Lodge. C. Bull Run Regional Park. D. Maple Tree Campground. 3. The passage most probably appeals to those who are . A. planning a business trip B. seeking a weekend getaway C. fond of online shoppi
8、ng D. interested in geography study 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 【解析】 【分析】 本文为说明文。主要介绍了四个度假的旅游景点。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Bull Run Regional Park”部分中的“Each cabin($85 to $95 per night) accommodates six people .”可知，每间客房(小屋) 每晚 85至 95 美元不等，可容纳 6人。那么一个 10 人团，要用两间，即 至少 85X2=170 美元。故选 C。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Cherry Hill Park 部
9、分中的“Given its proximity (邻近) to the District, this family-owned campground is particularly appealing to visitors who are traveling to the area via recreational vehicle. It also offers buses to the subway and .” 对于其邻近地区，这个家庭营地特别吸引那些通过休闲娱乐车前往该地区的游 客。它还提供通往地铁的巴士，.。由此可知，Cherry Hill Park旅游点适合乘坐公共交通工具的人，故
10、选 A。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了四个有关旅游景点的情况。因此本文主要是吸引旅游或度假的人。分析选项： A. planning a business trip计划出差的人；B. seeking a weekend getaway周末外出度假的人；C. fond of online shopping 喜欢网上购物的人；D. interested in geography study对地理学习感兴趣的人。可知，B项(周末寻找 度假的人)符合题意，故选 B。 【点睛】新闻广告类材料是高考的热门考题。其文句简练，信息量大，句式使用简单，表达方式多样，但 阅读这类题目也是有规律可循的。
11、 此类文章主要考查学生提取信息和处理信息的能力。既注重特定细节的 筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查。此类文章多是细节理解题。细节题的破解一般采用寻读法， 即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有 据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。 如第 1 小题根据题干“Whats the minimum cost for a group of 10 to stay at Bull Run Regional Park for one night?”定位于“Bull Run Regional P
12、ark”部分中的“Each cabin($85 to $95 per night) accommodates six people .”可知，每间客房(小屋) 每晚 85至 95 美元不等，可容纳 6人。那么一个 10 人团，要用两间，即 至少 85X2=170 美元。故选 C。 B The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four differ
13、ent types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to clarify the new rules. The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds of waste: recyclable waste, hazardous (有害的) waste, household
14、food waste and residual (剩余的) waste. Hazardous waste, as the name suggests, includes assorted poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides. Household food waste, which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese，refers to food leftovers, rotten food,
15、pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers. Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste. The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs in this category. As specific as the new guideline is, resi
16、dents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To
17、 save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own ways to sort trash. “We should do this from a pigs angle,” commented one netizen. “Those edible (可食用的) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs dont want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then
18、something must be hazardous waste. Those which can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.” The new regulation has gone into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200. 4. What do the old thrown-away sweaters belong to?
19、A. Residual waste. B. Hazardous waste. C. Recyclable waste. D. Household food waste. 5. What does “wet trash” have in common? A. They are completely wet. B. They all come from plants. C. They can give off bad smell. D. They can break up easily. 6. What is the tone of the netizen? A. Humorous. B. Ser
20、ious. C. Delightful. D. Uncertain. 7. What is the main idea of the text? A. Shanghai bans four sorts of garbage. B. Shanghai launches garbage sorting enforcement. C. Citizens in Shanghai still question garbage sorting. D. Citizens in Shanghai welcome the garbage sorting policy. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7.
21、 B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海执行新的垃圾分类规定，并对垃圾分类给出了官方解释。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段的 Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.(纸，塑料，玻璃，铁制品和纺织品都属于可回收垃圾)可知，纺织品属于可回收垃圾，扔掉的旧毛衣 属于纺织品，故它是可回收垃圾。C. Recyclable waste. (可回收垃圾)符合以上推测，故选 C项。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据文章第四段的 Household food
22、 waste, which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese， refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.(家庭食物垃圾，中文也叫湿 垃圾，是指食物剩余，腐烂的食品，宠物食品，水果皮，中药残余和花等)可推测，湿垃圾有一个共同特征 容易降解。D. They can break up easily.(它们容易降解)符合以上推测，故选 D 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的 We
23、should do this from a pigs angle,” commented one netizen. “Those edible (可食用的) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs dont want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be hazardous waste. Those which can be sold and the money we gain can
24、 be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.(一位网友说，我们可以从猪的角度来做这件事，猪可 以食用的是家庭食物垃圾；那些猪都不吃的是残余物；如果一头猪吃了什么东西死了，那些东西一定是有 害垃圾；那些可以卖掉赚钱卖猪的是可回收垃圾)可以看出该网友很幽默。故选 A 项。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。 这是一篇说明文， 其主旨一般在首段或者尾段。 根据本文的主要内容， 尤其是第一段的 The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. (新
25、的垃圾分类规定已定于 7月 1 日在上海 生效)和 Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to clarify the new rules.(值得庆幸的是，当局已 经发布了一份官方指南来澄清这些新规定)可知，本文主要讲述上海执行新的垃圾分类标准。B. Shanghai launches garbage sorting enforcement.(上海实行垃圾分类执法)可以概括本文主旨，故选 B 项。 【点睛】第 4小题考查主旨大意题。说明文和议论文的主旨大意一般体现在首段或者尾段。以本篇为例： 根据文章第一段的 T
26、he new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1.和 Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to clarify the new rules.可知，本文主要讲述上海执行新的垃圾分类 标准，并且官方对垃圾分类做出了解释。故 B. Shanghai launches garbage sorting enforcement.(上海实行垃圾 分类执法)可以概括本文主旨。 C In the old days, whe
27、n you had to drive to a movie theater of to to a video store to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact om the environment.You were hopping into your war, driving across town and coughing out emissions(排放)and using gas all the way. But now that were used to s
28、taying at home and streaming movies, we might get a little cocky. After all ,were just picking up our phones or maybe turning on the TV. Youre welcome.Mother Nature. Not so fast, says a recent report from the French-based Shit Project. Watching a half-hour show would lead to 3.5 pounds of CO2 emissi
29、ons. Thats like driving 3.9 miles. According to “Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video,“ digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a year. Stored in data centers, videos are transferred to our terminals such as co
30、mputers, smart phones, etc. via networks: all these processes require electricity whose production consumes resources and usually involves CO2 emissions. In the European Union, the Eureca project lead scientist, Rabih Bashroush, calculated that 5 billion downloads and streams of the song “Despacito“
31、 consumed as much electricity as the countries of Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Somalia, Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic used in a single year. Streaming is only expected to increase as we become more attached to our devices. Online video use is expected to account for 80%of all internet traffi
32、c by 2022 according to CISCO. By then, about 60% of the worlds population will be online. Youre probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there are things you con do to help lessen the impact of your online use. Here are some tips: Disable autoplay for video on social media. Stream
33、over Wi-Fi, not mobile networks. Watch on the smallest screen you can. Dont use high-definition(高清)video on devices. 8. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that people think . A. they should welcome Mother Nature B. watching movies at home is more fun C. it is inconvenient to drive to a movie theate
34、r D. streaming at home avoids possible emissions 9. We may learn from the text that . A 3.9 miles may produce 3.5 pounds of CO2 B digital technologies account for 4% of electricity use C. Online video use makes up 80% of all internet traffic D. 60% of the worlds population watch videos online 10. Wh
35、y are the five countries mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To praise their energy-efficient practice. B. To prove the poverty of the five countries C. To stress the popularity of the song “Despacito” D. To show the high energy use of downloads and streams 11. How can people help to save energy when strea
36、ming? A. Use high-definition videos. B. Turn off video autoplay C. Stream over mobile networks. D. Watch movies on bigger screens. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. B 【解析】 本文为说明文。以前，我们开车去看电影或购物，会排放二氧化碳，消费自然资源。而现在我们习惯了在 家里看流媒体电影，避免了排放二氧化碳。但是看自媒体会消耗能源，排放二氧化碳。有报告说，下载和 流媒体的能耗非常高。文章提供了如何在使用流媒体时尽可能地减少在线时间节约能源的方法。 【
37、8 题详解】 推理判断题。第一段 In the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater or to a video store to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact om the environmentdriving across town and coughing out emissions(排放)and using gas all the way.中提出：以前我们开车去看电影或买东西时很容易 对环境造
38、成影响，不仅增加排放，还消费自然资源。第二段承接上文说“But now that were used to staying at home and streaming movies,Youre welcome. Mother Nature”而现在人们习惯在家里利用流媒体上看电 影，也就不用开车去外面，就避免了排放。 分析选项可知，家庭流媒体避免了可能的气体排放。故选 D。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Watching a half-hour show would lead to 3.5 pounds of CO2 emissions. Thats like driving 3.9
39、miles. . digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions,” 看半小时的节目要 排放 3.5磅的二氧化碳。这相当于开车 3.9 英里排放。数字技术造成了 4%的温室气体排放.。可知 A项(3.9 英里可能会产生3.5磅的二氧化碳)是正确。 而B项(数字技术占用电量的4%)是错误的。 倒数第二段“Online video use is expected to account for 80%of all internet traffic by 2022 according to CISCO. B
40、y then, about 60% of the worlds population will be online.”到 2022 年，在线视频的使用预计将占所有互联网流量的 80%。届时，全 球约 60%的人口会上网。可知，C和 D项的内容是在 2022年才会发生，把未做当成已发生的。故 C和 D是 错误的。故 A 是正确。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段提及这五个国家的前面内容“In the European Union, the Eureca project lead scientist, Rabih Bashroush, calculated that 5 billion d
41、ownloads and streams of the song “Despacito“ consumed as much electricity as the countries of Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Somalia, Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic used in a single year.” 在欧盟，欧洲经委会项目首席科学家拉比巴什鲁什计算出， Despacito歌曲的 50亿次下载 和流媒体消耗的电力相当于乍得、几内亚比绍、索马里、塞拉利昂和中非共和国等国一年使用的电力。由 此推断出的这五个国家是来
42、说明下载和流媒体的能耗非常高。故选 D。 【11 题详解】 细节理解题。倒数第二段提出“Youre probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there are things you can do to help lessen the impact of your online use.” 你可能不会放弃流媒体服务，但你可以做一些事情来 帮助减少在线造成的影响。接着提出四点节省能源的忠告“Here are some tips: Disable auto play for video on social media.；S
43、tream over Wi-Fi, not mobile networks；Watch on the smallest screen you can；Dont use high-definition video on devices.”可知，所给的四点节能的忠告为：在社交媒体上禁用视频自动播放功能； 通过 Wi-Fi传输，而不是移动网络；尽量用最小的屏幕观看；不要使用高清视频设备。由此可知 B 项(关闭 自动播放功能)符合节省能源的第 2点的要求(在社交媒体上禁用视频自动播放功能)。可知 B 项符合题意， 故选 B。 D As they reach school age, about 90 p
44、ercent of children will have experienced a condition in which fluid (液体) fills the middle ear, muffling (使模糊) sound and sometimes causing infection. The fluid usually clears on its own, but if not, it can lead to a painful ear infection called acute otitis (中耳炎) media. In some cases the fluid can pe
45、rsist for more than a year, causing hearing loss during this period, and slowing down their development of language and social skills. Diagnosis usually requires a visit to a specialistbut researchers have now developed an app that detects this fluid just as accurately, with only a smartphone and a
46、paper funnel (漏斗). Doctors typically detect the problem by peering into the ear for a visual assessment. Yet, this method has only a 50 percent accuracy rate. “Right now, if you bring your child to a pediatrician, or to any urgent care family doctor, the way they look at whether or not theres fluid
47、in the middle ear is by looking at the eardrum,” says Sharat Raju, a surgeon in the department of head and neck surgery at the University of Washington. For a cheaper and more accessible alternative, researchers at the University of Washington turned to smartphones. First the user follows a template
48、 to cut and tape a piece of paper into a funnel, which can be placed between a smartphone and the patients ear. Next the app plays a chirping sound through the phones speaker; the sound waves bounce off the eardrum and hit the phones microphone, where they register and are analyzed by the app. An ea
49、rdrum with fluid behind it will vibrate (振动) differently than if the middle ear is full of air, as it normally is. To develop the app, the researchers first played chirps for patients with and without fluid in their ears. They recorded the echoes (回音), which indicate the eardrums mobility. Then they used a machine learning model to classify the returning sound waves, determining which audio characteristics indicated a normal ear and which suggested the presence of fluid. Once they tested the app on 98 children, ranging from 1
