高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第一节 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致)

上传人:hua****011 文档编号:131704 上传时间:2020-04-06 格式:DOCX 页数:27 大小:302.42KB
下载 相关 举报
高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第一节 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致)_第1页
第1页 / 共27页
高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第一节 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致)_第2页
第2页 / 共27页
高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第一节 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致)_第3页
第3页 / 共27页
高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第一节 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致)_第4页
第4页 / 共27页
高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第一节 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致)_第5页
第5页 / 共27页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

1、第二部分第二部分 语法精析语法精析 第一节第一节 谓语动词谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致动词的时态和语态、主谓一致) 考向分析 热考点 语法填空重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时的时态、语态 和主谓一致。 短文改错集中在上下文时态不一致,语态错误,主谓一致错误,及 v.- ing 和 v.- ed 的误用;偶尔考查情态动词(动词原形)的基本用法。 新考向 2019 高考全国、的语法填空共 6 处考查上下文判断时态,其中 有 2 处是现在完成时。 题型一题型一 关于谓语动词的语法填空关于谓语动词的语法填空 Tip 1 辨明时态标志词 1. In recent years some

2、Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.(2019 全国) 答案 have reported 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 in recent years 可知,主句用现在完成时态,主语 为 some Inuit people,故填 have reported。 2Irene said,“I dont see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and al

3、l the friends I (make) over the years .”(2019 全国) 答案 have made 解析 考查动词的时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语 over the years 可知,此处用现在完成时 态。故填 have made。 3. Since 2011 ,the country (grow) more corn than rice.(2018 全国) 答案 has grown 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。 由时间状语 since 2011 可知, 句子用现在完成时, 主语 the country 是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用 has grown。 4The Ch

4、inese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government (start) a soil- testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011 ,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(2018 全国) 答案 started 解析 考查时态。本句是 when 引导的定语从句,由于时间是 2005 年,故用一般过去时。故 填 started。 5Ch

5、inas high- speed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years .(2018 北京) 答案 have grown 解析 时间状语 in the past few years 与现在完成时连用,由此可知应该用 have grown。 6 (do) you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday ? (2017 北京) 答案 Did 解析 考查动词的时态。句意为:昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的

6、产品印象如何 了吗?由 yesterday(昨天)可知,用一般过去时。位于句首,首字母应大写。故填 Did。 高考语法填空中,考生可以根据时间标志词或时间状语轻松作答。 1一般现在时:sometimes,every week/day/year/morning,often,always,usually,seldom, now and then。 2一般过去时:once upon a time,yesterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day, 时间段ago,时间段later, in过去的年份。 3 现在完成时: lately, recen

7、tly, so/by far, by now, up to now, until now, in/during/over the past/last few时间段等。in/over recent时间段,since过去的时间点,ever since 等。 4现在进行时:Look!Listen!now, at present,at this moment/time/minute,currently。 5过去进行时:at that moment/time/minute,then。 6一般将来时:tomorrow,next week/month/year,in (the coming) 时间段,upc

8、oming, in the future。 7过去完成时:by过去的时间,by then,by the end of过去的时间点,until then, before 过去的时间点。 8将来进行时:at this time/moment tomorrow 等。 Tip 2 语境定时态 1 Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36- year- old business.Irene said .(2019 全国) 答案 decl

9、ared 解析 考查动词的时态。该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文 had 以及 said 可知, 用一般过去时态,故填 declared。 2Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.(2019 全国) 答案 recommended 解析 考查时态。 and 连接的前后两个动作 shared 与 recommended 是并列关系, 时态要一致。 故填 recommended。 3. When every pupil in t

10、he school wears the uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚)(2019 浙江) 答案 has/will have 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:当每个在校学生都穿校服时,没有人会担心时 尚问题。此处用一般现在时描述一般情况;分析句子结构可知,主语是 nobody,所以谓语动 词用 has。或理解为 when 引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时表将来,主句用一般将 来时,故还可填 will have。 4One study in America found that students grades (im

11、prove) a little after the school introduced uniforms.(2019 浙江) 答案 improved 解析 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,此处 that 引导宾语从句,而从句中缺少谓语动词,同 时根据主句谓语动词 found 和时间状语从句中的 introduced 可知,此处也应用一般过去时, 故填 improved。 5. On the first day of my first grade ,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I (voice) my biggest con

12、cern to my mother.(2019 北京) 答案 voiced 解析 考查时态。句意为:我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧:“我该怎样交朋友呢?”此处的 voice 意为“表达”,是动词,作谓语,根据上文可知,这里叙述的是过去的事情,用一般过 去时。故填 voiced。 6. A few months after he had arrived in China ,Mr Smith (fall) in love with the people and culture there.(2019 江苏) 答案 fell 解析 考查时态。句意为:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这

13、里 描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。 7I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldnt manage it.(2019 天津) 答案 had hoped 解析 考查时态。句意为:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但我没能做到。从“but I couldnt manage it”可知,是本希望做但却没做成,用 had hoped 表示“原本想做”。 故填 had hoped。 8When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I w

14、as just glad to find them alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.(2018 全国) 答案 meant 解析 考查动词的时态。由语境可知,此处事情发生在过去,要用一般过去时态。 9Later,engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube.(2017 全国) 答案 managed 解

15、析 考查时态。 根据 which 引导的定语从句中的 became 可知, 设空处也应该是一般过去时, 故填 managed。 10Sarah says ,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school (come) first.”(2017 全国) 答案 comes 解析 考查动词的时态。全文均为现在时,且 school 是第三人称单数,故填 comes。 1瞻前顾后找平行:并列连词连接的平行结构,连接对等的词或对等的结构,可以作为时态 判断的依据。常见如下:and,but,or,both.and.,ei

16、ther.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but (also)等。尤其关注一个主语,两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要保持一致。 2语境提示定时态:如果没有时间标志词或者具体的时间状语,就要联系上下文、前后句中 的时态,看看动作是否同时发生或者先后发生,确定填空处的时态。 3主句从句相对应:宾语从句中,主句如果用一般过去时,从句也应该用过去的时态;但陈 述客观事实或真理时,从句用一般现在时。时间、条件状语从句中,主将从现,即主句一般 将来,从句用一般现在时表将来。 Tip 3 牢记固定的句式 1 In any unsafe situation, simply (pr

17、ess) the button and a highly- trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018 北京) 答案 press 解析 根据空后的 and 可知应该填 press。这是一个固定句式,其构成是“祈使句and陈 述句”。句意为:在任何不安全的情况下,只要按一下按钮,训练有素的工作人员就会给予 你所需要的帮助。 2Susan had quit her well- paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year

18、 .(2018 北京) 答案 was working 解析 when 引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时, 表明主句也是过去的某种时态。 此处表 示去年“我”去看她时她正在进行的动作,因此用过去进行时。句意为:去年我去看望苏珊 的时候,她已经辞去了高薪工作,正在社区做志愿工作。 3I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. (2017 天津) 答案 was driving 解析 考查时态。句意为:我正开车(was driving)去伦敦,这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing.whe

19、n.是固定句式,表示“正在做这时突然”。 背熟固定句式,触发做题敏感点。 1 It/This/That is the first/second/.time that sb./sth.have/has done sth.某人/某物第几次做某事。 2It/This/That was the first/second/.time that sb./sth.had done sth.某人/某物第几次做某事。 3hardly/scarcely/rarely.had done.when sb./sth.did.和 no sooner had done.than sb./sth.did 表示“一就”。 4I

20、t is (high) time that sb./sth.did/should do. 到了某人/某物该做的时候了。 5.was/were doing.when sb./sth.did 某人/某物正在做这时突然 6祈使句and陈述句,陈述句为一般将来时。 1On the last day of our week- long stay, we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.(2019 全国) 答案 were invited 解析 考查一般过去

21、时的被动语态。由 On the last day of our week- long stay 可知,句子时态 为一般过去时。 we 和 invite 之间是被动关系, 故用一般过去时的被动语态。 故填 were invited。 2They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals (install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.(2019 江苏) 答案 will have been installed 解析 考查时态和语态。句意为:他们正努力确保在 2022 年北京冬奥会之前安装 5G 终端。 表示

22、在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时。“5G 终端”和“安 装”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故填 will have been installed。 3 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018 北京) 答案 had been trapped 解析 根据 risked 可知,主句用了一般过去时,表示冒险救人的动作发生在过去,被困在山 里这一动作发生在这之前,属于过去的过去,即用过去完成时;主语 two tourists

23、 和 trap 之间 是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。句意为:一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被 困在山里两天的游客。故填 had been trapped。 4. My washing machine (repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018 天津) 答案 is being repaired 解析 句意为: 我的洗衣机本周正在被修理, 因此我只好用手洗我的衣服。 my washing machine 与 repair 之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;再根据后面的“我只好用手洗衣服”可知,洗衣 机正在被修理

24、,需用现在进行时的被动语态。 5I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years .(2018 江苏) 答案 had been carried 解析 句意为:上个月我被派到那个村子,去看了看在过去的两年里这个发展计划实施得怎 么样了。根据 in the past two years 可知应用完成时, carry out 发生在 was sent 之前,应用过 去完成时的被动语态,故填 had been carried。 6I still r

25、emember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018 浙江) 答案 was shocked 解析 考查时态和语态。根据后面的 learnt 可知,此处说的是过去的事,故用一般过去时; 而 I 与 shock 之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。 7He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he (follow)(2017 江苏) 答案 wa

26、s being followed 解析 考查时态和语态。句意为:他匆忙回家了,一次也不曾回头看看有没有人在跟踪他。 这里 if 引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因 he 与 follow 之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。故填 was being followed。 8 When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. (2017 全国) 答案 are removed 解析 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处

27、用一般现在时,由于主语 fat and salt 是复数概念,且与 remove 是被动关系,所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构。 9. Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 peopl

28、e were using it every day.(2017 全国) 答案 were used 解析 考查时态和被动语态。 根据后一句中的时态可知, 本句应用一般过去时; steam engines 与 use 之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。 10. Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44,wants her to give up school to model full- time.

29、(2017 全国) 答案 has been told/was told 解析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境,萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模, 可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。 1 步骤: 确定主语; 判断主语和动词的关系: 如果主语是动作的发出者, 要用主动语态; 如果主语是动作的承受者,要用被动语态。 2特别注意:不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态。如:breathe,happen,exist,remain,rise, taste,survive,belong to,break out,break down,come up,come true,take place 等。 3牢固掌握时态

30、的被动形式 一般现在时:is/am/are done 一般过去时:was/were done 现在完成时:have/has been done 一般将来时:will be done 现在进行时:is/am/are being done 过去进行时:was/were being done 过去完成时:had been done 过去将来时:would be done 4情态动词的被动:情态动词be done。 5特别注意动词的不规则变化,不要因为细节而失分。 1 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are dec

31、lining, six (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.(2019 全国) 答案 are 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。 本句其他谓语用了一般现在时, 本句的主语six指代six polar bear subpopulations,表示复数意义,故本空应填谓语动词 are。 2. The musician along with his band members (give) ten performances in the last three months.(2019 江苏) 答案 has given 解析 考查现在完

32、成时与主谓一致。句意为:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成 员已经完成了十场演出。由 in the last three months 可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时;along with 连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故填 has given。 3 Amy,as well as her brothers, (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week .(2019 天津) 答案 was given 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:上周埃米和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了

33、热烈 的欢迎。根据时间状语 last week 可知,应用一般过去时;as well as 连接两个并列的主语时, 谓语动词应与前面的主语一致,即与 Amy 一致,故此处应用单数形式。 4 While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming. (2018 全国) 答案 is 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,这里用一般现在时,主语 it 是第三人称

34、单数形式,故谓语动词用 is。 5. Fast food (be) full of fat and salt;by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017 全国) 答案 is 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知,此处用一般现在时;句子的主语 fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语,故填 be 的第三人称单数形式 is。 6. The publication of Great Expectations,which (be) both w

35、idely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.(2017 江苏) 答案 was 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意为: 远大前程这部小说的出版发行受到广泛评论和高度 赞扬,这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。空格处与后面的 reviewed 和 praised 一起构 成定语从句的谓语,根据主句谓语 strengthened 判断这里用一般过去时;定语从句的关系词 which 指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”,主语核心词

36、是 publication,故 be 动词用 was。 7 Nowadays,cycling ,along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all- round forms of exercise.(2017 天津) 答案 is regarded 解析 考查主谓一致和语态。句意为:如今,骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动 方式之一。当主语后面接由 along with 引起的短语时,谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致, 即就远原则。 cycling 与 regard 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填

37、is regarded。 1核心定义:主谓一致即语法形式的一致,数的一致。 主语为单数可数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。 主语为单个不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。 主语为复数名词或两个或以上不定式(短语), 动名词(短语)或主语从句时, 谓语动词用复数。 a large quantity of名词,谓语动词用单数;quantities of名词,谓语动词用复数。 定语从句如果缺少主语,谓语动词与先行词,即从句所修饰的名词或代词保持数的一致。 2就近原则 either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but (also),not.b

38、ut.等并列连词连接主语时。 there be 句型中,谓语动词与最近的主语保持数的一致。 3就远原则:名词介词短语名词,谓语动词与离的远的第一个名词,即句子的主语保持 数的一致。 介词短语包括:with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including 等。 1What a pity!You missed the sightseeing, or we (have) a good time together. (2019 江苏) 答案 would have had 解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为:真遗憾

39、!你错过了这次观光,否则我们会在一起玩得很开心。 根据关键词 or 可知,这里表示与过去的事实相反,谓语动词应用 would/could/should/might have done。 2 The workers were not better organized,otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time.(2019 天津) 答案 would have accomplished 解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为:工人们没有被组织好,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。 此处 otherwise 表达了一种含蓄虚拟;otherwise 前

40、的内容所述的是过去的事实,相当于 if 引 导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”,因此后半部分应用“主语 would have done sth.”结构。 3In todays information age,the loss of data can (cause) serious problems for a company.(2018 北京) 答案 cause 解析 考查情态动词基本用法。句意为:在如今这个信息时代,数据的丢失可能会给一个公 司带来严重的问题。情态动词后面需要用动词原形,故填 cause。 4I cant fi

41、nd my purse.I could (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure . (2018 天津) 答案 have left 解析 句意为:我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里,但我不确定。根据句 中的时间状语 yesterday 可知,空格处是对过去发生事情的推测,需用“情态动词have done”,故填 have left。 5 They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers. (2018 北京) 答案

42、 had driven 解析 根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知,if 条件句应该用过去完成时,表示与过去事实相 反的虚拟语气。 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构: 主句谓语用“should/would/could/might have done”,从句谓语用“had过去分词”。 6 There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved. (2018 江苏) 答案 had 解析 句意为:在这个村子里社交生活良好,我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。I

43、 wish 后接从句, 从句要用虚拟语气。 叙述与现在事实相反的假设, 从句谓语用 did(be 动词用 were); 叙述与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语用 had done;叙述与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语 用 would/could do。由语境可知,此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设,故填 had。 7. If we (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. (2018 天津) 答案 had caught 解析 句意为:如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话,我们现在就在海滩上享受假期

44、了。根据前半 句中的时间状语 yesterday 以及后半部分中的 would be enjoying 及时间状语 now 可知, 这是一 个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去的事实相反的假设,故用“had动词的过去分词”。故 填 had caught。 8. If the new safety system (put) to use,the accident would never have happened . (2017 北京) 答案 had been put 解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为:要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话,这起事故就不会发生 了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,所以从句谓语用过

45、去完成时,故填 had been put。 1情态动词不单独使用 基本用法:情态动词be/do 被动形式:情态动词bedone 表对过去的推测:情态动词have done 2if 条件句的虚拟 对过去的虚拟,if 条件句中用 had done 对现在的虚拟,if 条件句中用一般过去时 3固定句式 Its (high) time that.did/should do would rather (that) sb.did(对现在/将来的虚拟)或者 had done(对过去的虚拟) suggest/advise/order/require/insist 后的 that 从句中的虚拟:从句谓语动词用

46、shoulddo, should 可以省略 wish that sb.did/were(对现在的虚拟) 或者 had done(对过去的虚拟) 4关键词 without/or/otherwise/but for 往往是虚拟的提示词。 题型二题型二 关于谓语动词的短文改错关于谓语动词的短文改错 1One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in n

47、eed.(2019 全国) 答案 iswas 解析 考查一般过去时。由上句中的“One was that.”可知,本句用一般过去时。这里讲述 当时做决定时的原因。故将 is 改为 was。 2. Now my dream is to open a cafe.Though it may appear simple,it required a lot of ideas and efforts.(2019 全国) 答案 requiredrequires 解析 考查动词的时态。由 Now 可知,文章讲的是作者现在的梦想,故时态为一般现在时。 故把 required 改为 requires。 3Duri

48、ng my last winter holiday ,I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.(2018 全国) 答案 findfound 解析 考查动词的时态。根据文章中的 During my last winter holiday 可知,事件发生在过去, 故用一般过去时。故将 find 改成 found。 4Still I was unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.(2018 全国) 答案 arewere 解析 考查时态。根据 didnt realize 和 until 引导的时间状语从句的谓语 entered 可知,此处 要用一般过去时。故把 are 改为 were。 5

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索
资源标签

当前位置:首页 > 高中 > 高中英语 > 英语高考 > 二轮复习