1、第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分32分）第一节（共12小题；每小题24分，） 阅读下面短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。A【江苏省扬州中学2018-2019高二阶段练习英语试题】A few things to consider before booking a flightWith fuel costs rising and airlines finding more fees to impose on travelers every day, airfare isnt getting any cheaper. Since you cant drive to a
2、ll your dream destinations, flying is the only way to go sometimes and, undeniably, the fastest. Luckily, there are plenty of ways to find the most affordable fares and also avoid paying as many extra charges as possible when you plan ahead.Getting the best fareAirlines put out their fare sales on T
3、uesday morning, making this day the best day to book a flight for less.Fly during the least popular timesTuesday, Wednesday and Saturday are the slowest days to fly, which means cheaper deals than the rest of the week. You can also find reduced rates on early morning flights, since many people dont
4、like to get up before the sun to get to the airport. Earlier boarding times can also considerably cut down your chances of getting bumped(取消已预定的飞机座位)on an overbooked flight or delayed because of other delayed flights or mechanical issues.Choose your seat laterSome airlines charge you to pick your se
5、at when you book online, adding even more to the bottom line of your ticket cost. If you show up early on your travel day, you can still get suitable seats. Some of the best seats get held back until flight day, unless others are willing to pay extra for them ahead of time, so you still have the cha
6、nce at one of those.Fly on holidaysYou already know that summer is the most expensive time to fly, and even though most other times are more affordable, the days surrounding holidays can be crazy. Save big if youre willing to travel on major holidays, such as Thanksgiving and Christmas.Dont wait unt
7、il the last-minute to bookMany travelers dont know that theres a sweet spot for booking and getting the best price on your tickets. Book too early or too late and you could end up paying more than you need to. The best time to book is between three months and six weeks from when you want to travel.A
8、voiding extra feesAirlines will charge for just about anything these days. Some have even toyed around with charging customers for using the restroom. All those extra fees can certainly add up, but theres no reason to pay them if you dont have to. Here are some tips to keep money in your wallet once
9、 you get to the airport.Avoid the upgrade it's not necessarySometimes upgrades are free, but mostly you will be charged for seeking a last-minute bump to first class, and the cost can be large.Fly carry-on onlyBaggage fees vary wildly, but almost all airlines charge them and charge big. Why pay
10、for your clothes to fly with you? If everyone in your travel party checks a bag, your bill can be astronomical before you ever even get to your destination. Its easy to reduce the amount of stuff you pack: Make sure all your clothing coordinates, so you can take less and still make more outfit combi
11、nations, take only two pair of shoes, plan to do a bit of laundry on your trip and bring only travel-sized toiletries.Pack your own snacksUnless youre flying internationally, its rare your flight comes with a free meal. Snacks on the plane are not cheap and almost never healthy. Dont rely on whats o
12、n the small menu and instead tuck some of your own snacks granola bars, homemade muffins, fruit and trail mix all make fantastic travel foods into your bag and eat a lot better, and cheaper, than other passengers.Do you have a tried and true method of getting the best deal on your flights? Let us kn
13、ow.1. To save money, which one should NOT be the choice?A. Early morning flightsB. Early boarding timesC. The flights on SaturdayD. The flights on Summer holiday2. According to the passage, which one is right?A. If you show up early on your travel day, you can get the best seats.B. You can save big
14、if youre willing to travel on Christmas eve.C. You will be charged for seeking the upgrades, and the cost can be high.D. If youre flying internationally, your flight will come with a free meal.3. According to the passage, you can do the things except _ to avoid extra fees.A. use the restroomB. eat y
15、our own snacks heartilyC. fly with carry-onD. give up the upgrade【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了订机票前应该考虑的几件事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“You already know that summer is the most expensive time to fly”可知，暑期的机票是最贵的，因此暑期订机票不是省钱的选择，故D项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Unless youre flying int
16、ernationally, its rare your flight comes with a free meal.”可知，如果你乘坐的是国际航班，飞机上会提供免费的餐食，故D项正确。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第五段中的“Airlines will charge for just about anything these days. Some have even toyed around with charging customers for using the restroom.”可知，航空公司对在飞机上使用洗手间的乘客收费，所以为了避免额外的费用，应该避免使用洗手间，故A项正确。B【
17、新疆兵团第二师华中学2018-2019学年第二学期高二年级第一次调研考试英语试卷】One day after school, I went to the teachers office to see my teacher, but nobody was there. As I was about to leave, I noticed a piece of paper on the floor. I picked it up and saw the words “FINAL-TERM EXAMINATION” at the top. I put the paper into my school
18、 bag secretly and ran out of the room.After I came back home, I took out the paper quickly. It was the exam paper of my worst subject, History. I felt excited. My heart beat fast. I took out my History book and started working on the answer. I had never answered any questions so seriously.On the day
19、 of the History exam, I went into the exam hall confidently. When the paper was sent to me, I dreamt of getting the highest mark in the whole grade and could not help smiling. “My History teacher always encouraged me to work hard and get better grades, but I let him down time and time again. This ti
20、me I will give him a big surprise,” I thought.When the teacher said we could start, I turned the paper over. To my great surprise, all the questions were different. Later I felt nervous. In the end, I almost left the paper undone. After the exam . I ran to the toilet, took out the paper and carefull
21、y read it from the top. Oh! It was last years exam paper. I read all the questions but I hadn't read the date.This is a lesson in which I know I have to put my feet on the ground. I regretted doing such a silly thing. After that, I told my teacher the truth and I promised to be honest. From then
22、 on, I worked harder than ever before.4. The writer went to the teachers office to _.A. take an examB. ask some questionsC. get his school bagD. see his teacher5. The writer always _ in his History exams.A. got high marksB. did silly thingsC. let his teacher downD. left the paper undone6. The
23、writer felt _ when he first saw all the questions were different.A. astonishedB. excitedC. nervousD. crazy7. What might the writer write in his diary?A. I'm glad that I did very well in the exam. I gave my teacher.B. After the exam, my teacher asked me to go to his office. My heart.C. When I tur
24、ned over the paper, I couldn't help smiling. My teacher.D. Im truly sorry for what I did. Everyone should be honest. Ill .【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D【解析】本文属于记叙文，讲述作者去老师办公室偶然发现即将考试历史试卷，因此带回去自己认真地做了，本以为能够考的很好，结果却发现是前一年的试题，最后告诉了老师真相。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第一段第一句One da
25、y after school, I went to the teachers office to see my teacher, but nobody was there.可知，一天放学后，我去老师的办公室见我的老师，但是没有人在那儿，作者去办公室是为了见老师，故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中My History teacher always encouraged me to work hard and get better grades, but I let him down time and time again.可知，我的历史老师总是鼓励我努力学习，取得 更好的成绩，但是我屡
26、次让他失望，作者在历史考试中总是让老师失望，故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中When the teacher said we could start, I turned the paper over. To my surprise, all the questions were different.可知，当老师说我们可以开始时，我翻开试卷。使我惊讶的是，所有的问题都是不同的，当最初看到问题不同时，作者感觉惊讶，故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中I regretted doing such a silly thing. After that, I told my teache
27、r the truth and I promised to be honest. 可知，我后悔做了如此一件蠢事。之后，我告诉了老师实情，我承诺要诚实，可知，D项“我为我所做的感到很抱歉。每个人都应该诚实。我将”与文章内容一致，故选D。C 【江苏省扬州中学高二阶段练习英语试题】The relationship between exercise and cancer has long both intrigued and puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists.Exercise is strongly associated with lower
28、ed risks for many types of cancer. At the same time, exercise involves biological stress, which typically leads to a short-term increase in inflammation(发炎)which can contribute to higher risks for many cancers.Now, a new study in mice may offer some clues into the exercise-cancer paradox. It suggest
29、s that exercise may change how the immune system deals with cancer by boosting adrenaline(肾上腺素), certain immune cells and other chemicals that, together, can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether.To try to better understand how exercise can both elevate inflammation and simultaneo
30、usly protect the body against cancer, scientists at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and other institutions decided to closely examine what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease.So, for the new study, they began by gathering a group of adult lab mice. These animals generally like t
31、o run.The scientists then implanted melanoma (黑素瘤) skin cancer cells into the mice before providing half of them with running wheels in their cages while the other animals remained sedentary. After four weeks, far fewer of the runners had developed full-blown melanoma than the sedentary mice and tho
32、se that had been diagnosed with the disease showed fewer and smaller lesions.They drew blood from both the exercising and sedentary animals and cells from any tumors in both groups. As expected, they found much higher levels of the hormone adrenaline in the blood of the exercising animals, especiall
33、y right after they had been working out on the wheels but also at other times of the day. The body releases adrenaline in response to almost any type of stressful experience, including exercise.They also found higher levels of interleukin-6 in the blood of the runners. This is a substance that is re
34、leased by working muscles and is believed to both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work.Perhaps most important, they found much higher numbers in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice of a type of immune cell named natural killer
35、cells that are known to be strong cancer fighters.So the scientists repeated their original experiment multiple times, inducing cancer while allowing some mice to run and others to sit. In some of these follow-up experiments, the scientists injected the runners with a substance that blocked the prod
36、uction of adrenaline and gave sedentary animals large doses of added adrenaline.What they now found was that when running mice could not produce adrenaline, they developed cancer at the same rate as the sedentary animals, while the sedentary animals that had been injected with extra adrenaline fough
37、t off their tumors better than other sitting mice.More remarkably, the scientists determined that adrenaline seemed to be sending biochemical signals to some of the animals IL-6 cells, making them physiologically more alert, so that when a tumor began to develop in the affected animal, those IL-6 ce
38、lls in turn activated the natural killer cells in the bloodstream and actually directed them to the tumors, like minute guide fish.With these results, “we show that voluntary wheel running in mice can reduce the growth of tumors, and we have identified an exercise-dependent mobilization of natural k
39、iller cells as the underlying cause of this protection,” said Pernille Hojman, a researcher at the University of Copenhagen who oversaw the new study. It perhaps provides one more incentive for us to get up and move.8. The relationship between exercise and cancer has long puzzled oncologists and exe
40、rcise physiologists because _.A. exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancerB. exercise can both elevate inflammation for many cancers and protect the body against cancerC. exercise may change can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogetherD. exercise can
41、 increase in inflammation which can contribute to elevated risks for many cancers9. In the first experiment, which one is the most important result the scientists found?A. Natural killer cells are much more in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice.B. Levels of interleukin-6 are high
42、er in the blood of the runners than in the sedentary mice.C. Exercise such as running seemed to help the mice fight against the cancer.D. Adrenaline can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off.10. What does the underlined word “sedentary” mean?A. runB. moveC. sitD. sleep11. In the follow-up ex
43、periments, the scientists found _.A. the hormone adrenaline has much higher levels in the blood of the exercising animalsB. how these elements in the runners their increased adrenaline, IL-6, and natural killer immune cells fight against tumorC. interleukin-6 can both increase and decrease inflammat
44、ion in the body, depending on where and how it goes to workD. what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease that kill the immune cells12. According to the study, we can infer the fundamental substance to fight the cancer off is _.A. adrenalineB. interleukin-6C. natural killer cellsD. genes【答
45、案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家通过实验发现运动能够对抗癌症。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “Exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer. At the same time, exercise involves biological stress, which typically leads to a short-
46、term increase in inflammation(发炎)which can contribute to higher risks for many cancers.”可知，运动和癌症之间的关系一直困扰着肿瘤学家和运动生理学家是因为运动既能提升很多癌症的炎症又能保护身体免于癌症的侵袭，故B项正确。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“those IL-6 cells in turn activated the natural killer cells in the bloodstream”可知，科学家们最重要的发现是IL-6细胞激活了血液里的自然杀伤细胞，也就是与久坐不动的老鼠相
47、比，运动的老鼠血液里含有更多的自然杀伤细胞，故A项正确。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The scientists then implanted melanoma (黑素瘤) skin cancer cells into the mice before providing half of them with running wheels in their cages while the other animals remained”可知，科学家们将黑色素瘤癌细胞植入老鼠体内，然后让其中一半的老鼠上笼子里的跑步轮，而其他老鼠则坐着不动，由此可知，画线词词义为“坐着”，倒数第四段中的“
48、allowing some mice to run and others to sit”也是提示，故C项正确。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“More remarkably, the scientists determined that adrenaline seemed to be sending biochemical signals to some of the animals IL-6 cells, making them physiologically more alert, so that when a tumor began to develop in the affected animal, those IL-6 cells in turn activated the natural killer cells in the bloodstream”可知，肾上腺素发出生化信号的IL-6细胞，使它们在生理上更加警觉，所以当动物的体内开始出现肿瘤时，IL-6反过来激活血液中的自然杀伤细胞，也就是说科学家们在实验中发现肾上腺素、IL-6细胞和自然杀伤细胞是如何对抗肿瘤的，故B项正确。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“those IL-6 cells in turn