1、2020英语专题卷专题二：阅读理解说明类专练第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共30分）一阅读理解A（考点17较易） In the United States, it is important to be on time , or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in a Brazil
2、ian(巴西的) university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and end at 12. On the first day , when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11 A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arr
3、ived, few apologized(道歉)for their lateness.Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students behavior. The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation:at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively.He
4、gave them an example and asked them how they would react, If they had a lunch appointment with a friend,the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes. In an American univer
5、sity, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour.In contrast, in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour.Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States,but also end at the scheduled time.In the Brazilian class, only a few students
6、 left the class at 12:00;many remained past 12:30 to discuss the class and ask more questions.While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late.1.The wordpunctual most probably means_.考点17 易A.leaving soon after classB.coming earlyC.arriving a few minutes lateD.being o
7、n time2.Why did the professor study the Brazilian students behavior?考点17 易A.He felt puzzled at the students being late.B.He felt angry at the students rudeness.C.He wanted to make the students come on time later.D.He wanted to collect data for one of his studies.3.It can be inferred from the profess
8、ors study of lateness in the informal situation that _.考点17 易A.American students will become impatient if their friend is five minutes lateB.neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatheringsC.being late in one culture may not be considered so rude in another cultureD.Brazi
9、lian students will not come thirty-three minutes after the agreed time4.What is the main idea of this passage?考点17 易A.It is important to be on time for class in the United States.B.The importance of being on time differs among cultures.C.People learn the importance of time only from their own cultur
10、e.D.Students being late for class should explain the reason to their teacher.B（考点17中难）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) gro
11、ups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmer
12、s, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many la
13、nguages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by man
14、y people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is mere 6,000
15、, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipa
16、n Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.5.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?考点17 易A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.
17、D.They were closely connected.6.Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2?考点17 易A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern.7.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.考点17 易B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results
18、 in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.C（考点17中难）Australia,the last continent,was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the seventeenth century, these nations were less interested in changing it into a colony(殖民地)than in exploring(勘探)it.As in the early histo
19、ry of the United States,it was the English who set up the settlements(新拓展地 ) in Australia.This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well.Australia and the United States are about the same in size,and their western lands are both not rich in soil
20、.It was the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west.However,this westward movement took place more because the English were searching for better land than because the population was increasing.Settlements of the
21、western part of both countries developed quickly after gold was discovered in America in 1849and in Australia two years later.Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common,these are some striking differences as well.The United States gained its independence from England by revo
22、lution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war.Australia, unlike the United States,was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising.By 1922,for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it ha
23、d people,or almost half as many sheep as the people there in the United States.Yet,in spite of these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.8.Who turned Australia into a colony?考点17 易A.Bri
24、tainB.Several European countries.C.The United States of America.D.None of the above.9.In the early history of America and Australia,both colonies developed towards the west firstly for the reason that_考点17 易A.the population was increasing rapidly in the eastB.the English thought there might be riche
25、r land thereC.gold was discovered thereD.fewer people lived there10.In the early 1920s_考点17 易A.Australia had one fifteenth as many people as sheepB.there were more sheep in Australia than in the United StatesC.the population in Australia was greater than that of the United StatesD.the United States
26、had twice as many sheep as people11.The last sentence in the last paragraph “Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most考点17 中难A.the United States and Australia do not have any main differencesB.the United States and Australia have much more in c
27、ommon than they have with other countriesC.the United States and Australia have nothing in common with the rest of the worldD.in common with the rest of the world, the United States and Australia have a lot of differencesD（考点17易）Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old, he trav
28、eled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. When they eventually arrived in Beijing, they were warmly welcomed by Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty Emperor. Marco was very clever and could speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became fr
29、iends. He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to so many important tasks across the country.Marco Polo, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperors Palace, especially the Summer Palace.There were many inventions and develo
30、pments in China, which were not available in Europe at that time. Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people using paper money in markets. In Europe, people paid for goods with gold or silver. He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel, as he had never seen coal before!Af
31、ter 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco Polo returned to Italy. Unluckily, a local war broke out, and he was caught and put into prison. He met another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. The prisoner was an author and he took dictation while listening. Later he wrote th
32、e stories in a book called The Description of the World, one of the best sellers (畅销书) in Europe.12.Why did Marco Polo and his father travel to China?考点17 易A.To trade with Chinese.B.To draw a map of ChinaC.To write a book about China.D.To make friends with the Chinese.13.Marco Polo was amazed to see
33、 Chinese people paying for goods with _.考点17 易A.goldB.silverC.paper moneyD.black stones14.Who wrote the book The Descriptions of the World?考点17 易A.Kublai KhanB.A prisonerC.Marco PoloD.Marco Polos father15.What do you know about Marco Polo from the passage?考点17 易A.He helped his father learn four lang
34、uages.B.He taught Chinese people how to use coal.C.He became a prisoner in Beijing.D.He served the Emperor for 17 years.第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（1）难度适中Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _考点09(grow) more corn than rice. C
35、orn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _考点01 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is _(actual)考点06 behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmer
36、s to grow corn instead of rice_考点08 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased_ 考点04 (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts fo
37、r about 30 percent of total _考点06 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _(start) a soil-testing program _考点10 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That preven
38、ted the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _考点14 (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. says the banks Juergen Voegele.（2）易 Running is good for your health. It may help to protect
39、 you _考点03heart disease and other health problems. Running may also help you live longer. According to a research _考点08 (do) in the US recently, runners are a great deal _考点06 (health) than non-runners. In fact, the runners live, on average, three years longer than the non-runners. Running may be go
40、od exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here _考点05 (be) commonly shared ideas among fitness experts to lower the risk of injury for people _考点08 (run) regularly. Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Most people get running injuries when they push _考点02 (they) too hard. Get good runni
41、ng shoes. You should find the shoes _考点10 offer the best fit and support for your feet. More _考点06 (important), you should have a new pair of shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers. After each run, write down notes about what you did and _you felt. You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes
42、. Or perhaps you feel great when you have _考点01 rest between running days. These notes will help you make the best plan for running.（3）易Hollywood filmmakers visit Mulans roots Hollywood filmmakers, including creators of the 1998 Disney film Mulan, will start_考点01 “discovery trip” to Mulans birthplac
43、e Huangpi District in Hubei Province this week. During the two-day visit, they will see a number of Mulan-themed_ 考点04 ( performance) , such as the horse lighting show and the local opera. They will also visit places of historical interest,_ 考点03 the Mulan Mountain and the Generals Temple. In the 20
44、 years since the Disney film came out, _考点02 (it) director Tony Bancroft hasnt been to the land of Mulans roots. For me, its a full circle tour of where my favorite character was born. Im also doing my homework for the next film,he said. “China used to be closed off to Westerners, thus _ 考点08 ( crea
45、te) a mystery, but in the last few years, U. S. films _ 考点09 (explore ) the Chinese culture and environment,_ 考点10 has opened audiences to a whole new world. I believe the tale of Mulan appeals to Westerners mainly_ 考点13 its about a daughters respect for her family,_ 考点06 (especial) her father,” Ban
46、croft added. A live-action remake of the 1998 film is expected to hit theaters in 2019. The Walt Disney Studios has announced that Chinese actress Liu Yifei, also _ 考点08 ( know) as Crystal Liu, is going to star in the classic Chinese tale.（4）易A mother returned home very tired. Her 8-year-old son ran
47、 up to her. He was waiting for her and wanted to tell her 1._ his younger brother had done.“While I was out playing and Dad was on a call, Tyler took his crayons and wrote on the wall! I told him you would be mad at him 2._ 考点03 doing it again, but I couldnt stop him.”She let out a long sigh and asked: “He did it again? 3._is your brother now?”“He is in his room.”She walked to the younger sons room. She called 4._考点02/03 full name as she entered. Then, she found Tyler 5._考点08