1、精准培优专练2020届高三好教育精准培优专练培优点三 虚拟语气一、真题在线1.（2019天津卷单项选择）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accomplish D. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better org
2、anized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为，从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would/could/might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。2.（2019江苏卷单项选择）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _ a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟
3、，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为，从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。3.（2018北京卷单项选择）They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。4.（2017江苏卷单项选择）_ not for the support of t
4、he teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有老师们的支持，这个学生不可能克服她的困难。根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知语境是对现在事实的虚拟，be动词在虚拟语气中通常用were。当if虚拟条件句中省略了if时，从句部分应用倒装结构。故选B项。5.（2018天津卷单项选择）If we _ the flight yesterday, we would be en
5、joying our holiday on the beach.A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。6.（2018天津卷单项选择）Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have beenC. werent D. wouldnt be【答案】B【解析】由yeste
6、rday可知，与过去事实相反，otherwise相当于if I hadnt had Bettys number，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldnt have done。7.（2018江苏卷单项选择）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved. A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，这里表示将来的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去时。8.（2018江苏卷单项选
7、择）Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.A. would B. should C. couldD. might【答案】B【解析】在“It is/was +形容词+that从句”中，that从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟。这里表示“竟然”，should不能省略。二、对点专练一、单项选择1. If she _ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.A. had
8、been B. were C. would be D. was【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句首的if（如果）与主句的would have done（早就做）可判断是虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以if从句用一般过去式，be动词要用were。虚拟语气中，be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was，故选B。2. The bus would not have run into the river _ for the bad-tempered lady.A. if it were not B. had it not been C. if it would not
9、 be D. should it not be【答案】B【解析】考查if从句的虚拟语气。句意：要不是那位坏脾气的女士，公共汽车是不会掉进河里的。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，从句中有had则if省略，把助动词had提到主语前面，故选B。3. You didnt let me drive. If we _ by turns, you _ so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got【答案
10、】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你当时不让我开车，如果我们轮流开车的话，你就不会这么累了。根据You didnt let me drive判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句要用过去完成时，主句用wouldnt have done结构，故D项正确。4. If it had not been for the heroes contributions and sacrifices, we _ such a happy life.A. wouldnt have led B. wouldnt be leading C. havent led D. are not leading【答案】B【解析】考查
11、虚拟语气。句意：如果不是英雄们的贡献和牺牲，我们现在不会过着幸福的生活。从句与过去事实相反，谓语用had done结构；主句与现在事实相反，谓语应用would+动词原形结构，故选B项。5. I felt like giving up. I probably _ but my dad whispered, “Come on! You can make it.”A. would have B. would C. should D. should have【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我想要放弃。我可能已经放弃了，但是我父亲低声说道，“加油！你能成功的。”根据I felt like givi
12、ng up可知，我过去想要放弃，但是在父亲的鼓励下，我并没有放弃，即本想要做某事而没有做，应用would have done，句中用了省略形式，完整句子为I probably would have given up.故选A项。6. If she _ make such a simple wish as not to be teased for disability last Christmas, Amy would still feel lonely now.A. had dared not B. hadnt dared to C. dared not D. didnt dare to【答案】
13、B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Amy在去年的圣诞节不敢许下如此简单的愿望不因为残疾而被嘲笑，她现在仍然会感到孤独。根据last Christmas可知，从句与过去事实相反，应用had done结构dare作为实意动词的固定用法为dare to do sth.，故选B项。7. If the new safety system _ to use，the accident would never have happened.A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果新的安全系统被投入使
14、用，这起事故就不会发生了。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知，事故已经发生，语境是对过去发生的事进行虚拟，If引导的从句谓语部分应为had done形式，故选A项。8. Do you have Bettys phone number？Yes. Otherwise, I _ able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have beenC. werent D. wouldnt be【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你有Betty的电话号码吗？有。否则，昨天我就不能联系到她了。根据题干中的
15、yesterday可知，此处是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，设空处应为would have done的形式。故选B项。otherwise相当于If I hadnt had Bettys phone number。9. Volunteers and charities, as well as many churches, arrange meals for the homeless and those who _ otherwise be alone on Christmas Day.A. can B. should C. would D. may【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：志愿者和慈普组
16、织以及许多教堂，为无家可归的人和要不然只能独自过圣诞节的人安排了伙食。在who引导的定语从句中otherwise相当于if they didnt arrange meals，表示对现在情况的含蓄虚拟，此处的谓语应用would do的形式。故选C项。10. Nowadays people seem to become more and more selfish.How much better life would be if we _ to the values of the past!A. were to return B. had returned C. return D. will ret
17、urn【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如今，人似乎变得越来越自私。如果我们能够重回过去的价值观，生活该多好啊！根据该句主句的关键信息would be可知，应用虚拟语气；再根据句意可知，此处表示对将来情况的假设，其表达形式有三种：were to do sth./should do sth./did sth.。选A项。11. I have known Tom Jones for years; naturally, he is nervous in case anything _ go wrong. A. should B. can C. must D. will【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气
18、。句意：我认识Tom Jones很多年了，万一有事情出问题，他紧张是很自然的事。in case引导的条件状语从句中用了虚拟语气，从句谓语应用should+动词原形，故选A项。二、单句语法填空1. I _(go）through the hard times but for my teachers generous and timely help.【答案】couldnt have gone【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是老师慷慨而及时的帮助，我不可能熬过那段艰难的岁月。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为couldnt have gone，本句中的but for相当于if it
19、 hadnt been for。2. It might have saved me some trouble _(know) the schedule.【答案】had I known【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我知道安排的话，可能会省一些事儿。根据句意可知，空格处为省略了if的条件状语从句，had I known the schedule=if I had known the schedule。该从句表示与过去事实相反，故填had I known。3. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _(tell) me
20、, I could have helped.【答案】had told【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦呢？如果你告诉我，我可以帮你的。根据时间状语last week可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might have done。4. I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _(injure).【答案】would/could/should/might have been injured【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我那时
21、系着安全带呢，如果我没系安全带的话，我就受伤了。第一句用了过去进行时，说明此处是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might have done，故可填would/could/should/might have been injured。5. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _(dance) as well as her.【答案】danced【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者，我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后的宾语从句中用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟，故选
22、danced。6. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.【答案】wouldnt have written【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有战时经历的话，海明威就不会写出他著名的小说永别了，武器。Without his wartime experiences相当于If he hadnt had his wartime experiences，主句谓语动词应用would have done结构，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故填wouldnt have writ
23、ten。7. It is lucky we booked a room, or we _(have) nowhere to stay now.【答案】would have【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：很幸运，我们预订了一个房间，要不然我们现在就没有地方可以住了。or前面是真实的情况，or后面表示对现在的虚拟，用would do的形式，故填would have。8. If I _(see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.【答案】hadnt seen【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。由主句谓语wou
24、ldnt have believed可知此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟，故填hadnt seen。9. I wish I _(be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.【答案】had been【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我要是上周二能参加我姐姐的婚礼就好了，可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后接宾语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气。根据last Tuesday可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语部分应用had done形式，故填had been。10.We would r
25、ather our daughter _(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.【答案】stayed【解析】考查虚拟语气和固定句式。would rather后直接跟宾语从句中，从句不用that连接。如果表示现在或将来要做的事情，从句的谓语动用一般过去式。根据is可知填stayed。11. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _(do) it?【答案】had done【解析】考查
26、虚拟语气。句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么以好像是我打破了的语气对我说话？as if引导的状语从句中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气形式相同。结合语境可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，填had done。三、单句改错1. If I was you, I would run faster.【答案】was改为were【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据“如果我是你”以及后句的would run可知，是对现在的假设，因此用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句中动词用过去式，be动词用were。2. If I live near my office, I would walk to work.【答案】live改
27、为lived【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果我住得离公司近，就会步行去上班可知，是对现在的假设，因此用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句中用过去式，主句动词用lived。3. I know nothing about the film. If I knew about it, I will tell you.【答案】will改为would【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我对这部电影一无所知。如果我知道的话，我会告诉你的。根据句意可知，If I knew about it表示与现在事实相反，主句应用would do。因此will改为would。4. If she worked hard enough
28、, she would have passed the English exam.【答案】在worked前加had【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她过去学习足够努力，她本可以通过英语考试的。根据句意可知是对过去的假设，因此应用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反，从句谓语用had+过去分词，主句用would have done，因此在worked前加had。5. I wish I was as tall as you.【答案】was改为were【解析】考查wish的虚拟语气用法。句意：我希望我和你一样高。根据句意可知与现在事实相反，谓语动词如果是be动词，一律用were。即was改为were。6. Its
29、 high time that we go to bed.【答案】go改为went或在go前加should。【解析】考查虚拟语气。It is(high) time that后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，should不可省略。因此go改为went或在go前加should。7. I would rather you pay me now.【答案】pay改为paid【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你现在付钱给我。根据句意可知是考查would rather的虚拟语气用法。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语一般用虚拟语气，而now表示现在或将来的愿望，所以应用一般过
30、去时，pay改为paid。8. If it were not rain tomorrow, they might go to the Great Wall.【答案】在not后加to【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果明天不下雨，他们可能会去长城。根据句意和tomorrow可知是对将来的假设，因此应用虚拟语气。从句是If+主语+were to+动词原形，所以在not后加to。9. If you asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.【答案】在asked前加上had【解析】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。句意：如果你昨天问过他了，现在你就知道做什
31、么了。根据yesterday和now可知从句是对过去的假设，因此从句应用had+过去分词。即在asked前加上had。10. She was very busy yesterday, otherwise she would come to the meeting.【答案】在would后加have【解析】考查otherwise的虚拟语气用法。otherwise的意思是“要不然”，它在本句中用于对前面一句（She was very busy yesterday）所表示的事实进行假设，相当于if she had not been very busy yesterday，所以其后句子的谓语用虚拟语气（
32、would have done），即在would后加have。11. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I followed your advice.【答案】在followed前加had【解析】考查If only的虚拟语气用法。If only意为“要是就好了”，后接过去完成时表示对过去事实相反的愿望。因此在followed前加had。12. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it is broken.【答案】is改为were【解析】考查as if的虚拟语气用法。句意：当
33、铅笔部分放在水杯中时，它看起来好像断了似的。根据句意可知是表示对现在的假设，需用虚拟语气。表示现在的情况用过去时，be动词用were。13. She insists that they must give her a receipt.【答案】must改为should或删去must【解析】考查suggest的虚拟语气用法。Suggest在表示建议时，后接宾语从句应用should+动词原形（should可省略）。因此must改为should或删去must。14. What will you do with a million dollars?【答案】will改为would【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有一百万美元，你会做什么呢？此处是介词代替了条件状语从句，表示对现在情况的假设，相当于：if you had a million dollars, what would you do? 因此will改为would。15. He would be a good sportsman now if he trained regularly.【答案】在trained前加had。【解析】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。句意：如果他（以前）好好定期训练的话，现在他就是一个很出色的运动员了。根据句意和now可知从句是对过去的假设，因此从句谓语应用had+过去分词，即在trained前加had。9