1、三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题 06 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019 年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+sho
2、uld(would, could, might)+现在完成时 +其他，故选 C。2.【2019天津卷单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accomplish D. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句 the workers were not bet
3、ter organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+ 现在完成时+ 其他，故选 D。二、2018 年高考真题1.【2018江苏】24. Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is i
4、mportant/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中，其中由 that 引导的主语从句通常用“should+ 动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的 should 可以省略。故选 B。点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that. 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较： It is strange that he had made a mi
5、stake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。 ） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。 ）2.【2018江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且
6、我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选 A。点睛：本题考查 wish 引导的虚拟语气。由 wish 引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1用 wish 表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be 动词用 were） 。2用 wish 表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3wish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或 could, would + have +动词过去分词
7、。分析此题需抓住前句 There is a good social life in the village 的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题 wish 用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。3.【2018天津】10. I cant find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到
8、超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语 yesterday 可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done，再根据后句 but Im not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词 could，表示“可能”。故选 D。点睛：情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词 +v 原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must 为肯定推测，表示“ 一定”，could 为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。4.【2018北京】12. In
9、 todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词 can。C 选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need 需要；should 应该，竟然；must 必须，肯定。点睛：can 的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能) 能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，
10、可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会。5.【2018北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers 是条件
11、句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故 D 选项正确。6.【2018天津】15. If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语 yesterday 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用 had + v-ed。故选 A。点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根
12、据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用 had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。 三、2017 年高考真题1.【2017北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C试题分析：A. must 必须；B. should 应该；C. can 能；D. n
13、eed 需要。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用 can，答案为 C。考点：考查情态动词2.【2017北京卷】34. If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【答案】A试题分析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用 had done
14、 形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故 A 项是正确的。考点：考查虚拟语气。【名师点睛】英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。1、陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）2、祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）3、虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.1、虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句If you work hard,youll surely pass the exam.虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.3.【2017江苏卷】2
15、2. _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if 省略，if 从句的谓语动词 主句谓语动词1.与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be 一律用 were） would/could/might/should+动词原形2.与过去事实相反 had done would/could/might/
16、should+have done3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式（be 一律用 were）b.should+动词原形（不能用would）c.were to+动词原形would/could/might/should+动词原形同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I.，故选 B。【名师点睛】在虚拟语气中，be 动词只能用 were；虚拟条件句省去连词 if 时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语动词.若条件从句为否定句，否定词 not 应置于主语之后，而不能与 were, should, had 等缩略成 Werent
17、, Shouldnt, Hadnt 置于句首。考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装4.【2017天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I _clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. darent B. shouldnt C. neednt D. mustnt【答案】C【解析】试题分析： 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C 不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选 C。考点：考查情态动词。【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几
18、个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。 darent 通常表示“不敢”，shouldnt强调的是没有义务，必要性；neednt 表示“不需要” ，mustnt 表示不许，语气比较强烈，它们之间有明显不同。5.【2017天津卷】15. Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have been C. werent D. wouldnt be【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：你
19、有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处 otherwise(否则)相当于一个 if 引导的条件状语从句，由 yesterday 可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldnt have done，故选 B。2016 年高考真题1.【2016北京】31. I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustnt C. wouldnt D. shouldnt【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A
20、. neednt 不需要；B. mustnt 禁止；C. wouldnt 不愿；D. shouldnt 不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选 A。考点：考查情态动词2.【2016北京】34. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell【答案】B考点：考查虚拟语气3.【2016江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day
21、, I should not be here now.A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been【答案】A4.【2016天津】5. It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：这真是令人心烦；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldnt 不愿意；couldnt 不能；s
22、houldnt 不应该；neednt 不必。根据句意可知选 B。5.【2016天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _.A. were injured B. would be injuredC. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据 if 条件句用的 had done，可知，主句用 would have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且 I 和 in
23、jure 是被动关系。故选 D。6.【2016浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从 2005 年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气，if 条件句用的 had done，而且省略 if，将 had 提前，主句用 would have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选 D。