1、课时作业.阅读理解A(2019江南十校联考 )Water Robots Explore the Celtic SeaSicentists in England are using two selfdirected water vehiches to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland.The area is known for its exceptional sea life.Scientis
2、ts want to know why sea animals are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries.It collects information for the National Oceanography Center in Southampton，England，and the World Wildlife Fund.The vehicles low energy requirements permit it to s
3、tay afloat for up to 30 days.Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the craft.He says the vehicle has equipment that can detect small organisms called zooplankton and fish.He adds that other sensing devices measure water cur
4、rents and other features of sea life.The vehicle also creaters a twodimensional(二维图 )map of the sea.Another vehicle is powered by solar panels and a wind turbine(涡轮机)It can stay afloat for months.The robotic vehicle sends information about the socalled biodiversity hotspots.A biodiversity hotspot is
5、 an area of an ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the biodiversity of the Celtic Sea.She says productive ocean areas，like the Celtic Sea，attract zooplankton.The zooplankton then attract fish.She adds that areas with a large increas
6、e of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories.Scientists can spend more time analyzing the collected information.They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the
7、Celtic Sea for future management and protection.【语篇解读】 本文介绍两种水下自我探测器，它们用来勘探海底动植物。1Scientists go to the Celtic Sea to explore _.Awhy this area appeal to sea animalsBwhat the Celtic Sea really desiresCwhether the expense can be reducedDhow this area can be better protected【答案】 A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话 “Scie
8、ntists want to know why sea animals are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，选 A。2According to paragraph 2，the research vehicle _.Ais used only to measure water currentsBis designed by the engineer called LaviniaCcan also create a threedimensional mapDcan detect the zooplankton and se
9、a life【答案】 D 细节理解题。根据第二段第六、七句话 “He says the vehicle has equipment that can detect small organisms called zooplankton and fish.He adds that other sensing devices measure water currents and other features of sea life.”可知，选 D。3Which of the following is TRUE?ABoth of the vehicles are powered by batterie
10、s.BNeither of the vehicles can stay for months.CThe vehicles help reduce both time and money.DReports are sent by the scientists themselves.【答案】 C 推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二两句话“Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories.Scientists can spend more t
11、ime analyzing the collected information.”可知，选 C。4What is the purpose of the passage?ATo call on us to protect the sea.BTo introduce two water robots.CTo inform us of sea exploration.DTo arouse our interest in sea life.【答案】 B 推理判断题。从文章第二、三段大意可知，本文主要介绍两种水下自我探测器。故选 B。B(2018北京 D)Preparing Cities for Rob
12、ot CarsThe possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream， years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public
13、 roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isnt leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.Its hard to predict when driv
14、erless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driver
15、less cars(and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient， affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally fri
16、endly and more shared.Do we want to copyor even worsenthe traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual selfdriving vehicles.They tolerate long， slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work， entertain themselves or sleep on the rid
17、e，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer peo
18、ple to take public transportan unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ridehailing( 叫车 )services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol powered private cars worldwide with electric，selfdriving and shared systems could reduce carbon emission
19、s from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ridehailing services ，considering the cost of sel
20、f driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题) But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt e
21、xtend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it
22、.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕无人驾驶汽车这项前沿科技话题，对以下方面进行了讨论：对无人驾驶汽车最大的担忧，对无人驾驶汽车未来发展的态度以及可能会出现的管理问题。通篇讨论了无人驾驶汽车的管理问题，引导考生辩证地看待问题。5According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can _.Ahelp deal with transportationrelated problemsBprovide better services to customersCcause damage to our e
23、nvironment Dmake some people lose jobs【答案】 A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety.policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options.”可知，人们对无人驾驶汽车
24、的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。选项 A“有助于解决与交通有关的问题 ”与此意思吻合。选项 B “为消费者提供更好的服务”说法太笼统；选项 C 与第二段第一句中的 cut emissions 矛盾；选项 D 在文中没有提及。6As for driverless cars，what is the authors major concern?ASafety. BSide effects.CAffordability. DManagement.【答案】 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Policymakers should start thinking now about ho
25、w to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today.”并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面，与选项 D 提到的“ (车辆)管理”吻合，显然这是作者比较关心的。选项 A 是人们辩论的事情；选项 B 概括过于广泛；选项 C 是无人驾驶车辆的好处。 7What does the underlin
26、ed word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AEmployed. BReplaced.CShared. DReduced.【答案】 A 词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容 the first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly 并结合下句中 as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology 可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批
27、上市的无人驾驶车辆会被用到“叫车服务”中。选项 A“使用”符合题意。 8What is the authors attitude to the future of selfdriving cars?ADoubtful. BPositive.CDisapproving. DSympathetic.【答案】 B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.”可知，无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，准备好迎接它的到来吧。由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。选项 A “怀疑的”；选项 C “
28、反对的”；选项 D “同情的”。 .完形填空(2019郑州市第一次质检 )What do photography and foster(收养的)care have in common？Apparently a lot.Jennifer Loomis，an experienced local photographer， and her husband were a childless couple，so they were considering _1_ a kid.As part of their _2_，they went online and visited sites containin
29、g _3_ of children up for adoption._4_，the photos didnt really express the children.To Loomis artful eye，they _5_ to let people know who the children truly were.Loomis then contacted Northwest Adoption Exchange and _6_ a free photo shoot(专业摄影)to help _7_ children show better pictures of them to adopt
30、ive parents.The _8_ readily agreed.One child who _9_ the photo shoot was Deon，a lonely child who had bounced around the foster system.With Loomis great _10_，a new and more handsome Deon was photographed.And this had a(n)_11_ effect! Soon prospective parents Joanna Church and Sean Vaillancourt saw De
31、ons new photo on the website and were attracted by the boy with bright，happy eyes(They had previously seen his old photo，but got no _12_ impression of him)Contact was made，and he was _13_ their home.Now Church and Vaillancourt have become Deons parents.The _14_ was a godsend(天赐之物 )to Deon.He had bee
32、n in and out of various foster homes since the age of 5，and was losing _15_.At age 18，children no longer qualify for foster care and must begin to _16_ themselves.This is a bitter reality for a child at age 16，_17_ one who has never really found _18_ from a home.Deon is now paired with a loving fami
33、ly simply _19_ Jennifer Loomis took a better photo of him.She has completely changed Deons _20_ and that of his adoptive parents.“When you give someone a chance，” Deon said， “you are basically saving a life.”【语篇解读】 女摄影师给希望被收养的孩子们提供免费的专业摄影服务，并最终帮助他们找到了合适的收养家庭。1A.photographing BinterviewingCadopting D
34、sponsoring【答案】 C 根据上文中的“Jennifer Loomis.a childless couple” 可知，Loomis 和她的丈夫没有孩子，故此处指他们考虑收养(adopting)一个孩子。下文中的“for adoption”也是提示。2A.study BtreatmentCsearch Ddesign【答案】 C 根据语境可知，网上搜寻是 Loomis 和丈夫寻找(search)要收养的孩子的过程的一部分。3A.images BplansCstories Dideas【答案】 A 根据下文中的“the photos didnt really express the chi
35、ldren”可知应选 images，指他们上网搜寻等着被收养的孩子的图片(images)。4A.However BThereforeCBesides DOtherwise【答案】 A 分析本句和前一句的逻辑关系可知，两句之间存在语义上的转折，故选 However，指然而，这些图片都不能真正地展示这些孩子。5A.managed BfailedCdecided Dtried【答案】 B 根据前一句中的“the photos didnt really express the children”可知，这些照片没能(failed) 让人们真正了解这些孩子。6A.required BacceptedCof
36、fered Dallowed【答案】 C 根据下文内容可知，此处指 Loomis 主动给孩子们提供(offered)免费的专业摄影服务。 offer “提供”。7A.curious BlonelyChappy Dwilling【答案】 D 此处指 Loomis 给那些自愿的(willing)孩子提供帮助。8A.team BcoupleCgovernment Dorganization【答案】 D 空处指的是上文的“Northwest Adoption Exchange”，它应该是一个负责孩子收养的组织(organization)。9A.attended BhelpedCrefused Dlea
37、rned【答案】 A 根据下文可知，Deon 应该是参加 (attended)了这次免费的专业摄影活动，所以他才找到了理想的养父母。10A.concerns BskillsCabilities Dcourage【答案】 B 根据第一段中的“Jennifer Loomis ，an experienced local photographer”可知，此处指由于 Loomis 高超的摄影技术(skills) ，一个全新的、更英俊潇洒的少年呈现在了照片上。11A.permanent BimmediateCpositive Dadverse【答案】 B 根据后文中的“Soon prospective p
38、arents.have become Deons parents.”可知，为孩子拍照马上(immediate)就见到了效果。permanent“长久的，永久的”；immediate “立即的，马上的 ”；positive“积极的”；adverse“反面的，不利的”。12A.unique BfirstCclear Dnew【答案】 C 根据上下文语境可知，此处指这对夫妇以前也看过他的旧照片，但对他没留下清晰的(clear)印象。13A.taken for Bcalled atCbrought into Dcarried away【答案】 C 此处指 Deon 被收养领回家，bring.into
39、“把带进，领进”，符合语境。14A.match BperformanceCpractice Dstruggle【答案】 A 根据上文中的“Now Church and Vaillancourt have become Deons parents”可知应选 match，强调 Deon 和养父母之间相互接受的关系。 match“相配的人(物) ，般配的人(物)”。下文的“Deon is now paired with.”亦是提示。15A.hope BopportunityCenergy Dinterest【答案】 A 根据上文中的“He had been in and out of various
40、 foster homes since the age of 5”可知，Deon 从五岁开始，一直没有找到稳定的收养家庭，故此处指他在渐渐失去希望(hope)。16A.teach BsupportCcontrol Dtrust【答案】 B 根据上文中的“At age 18，children no longer qualify for foster care”可知，年满 18 岁的孩子不能再被收养，故空处的语境为他们必须自己养活(support)自己，这对于一个 16 岁的孩子来说是一个残酷的现实，尤其(particularly)是从来没有真正感受过家庭的幸福(happiness)的人。17A.
41、usually BparticularlyCspecially Ddefinitely【答案】 B 参见上题解析。 usually“通常”；particularly“尤其，特别”；specially“特别地，专门地”；definitely“清楚地”。18A.freedom BhappinessCanswers Dchances【答案】 B 参见第 16 题解析。 happiness“幸福，快乐 ”。19A.though BunlessCbut Dbecause【答案】 D 只是因为(because)Loomis 给 Deon 照了一张更好的照片，Deon 就找到了一个充满爱意的家。 20A.a
42、ttitude BmannerCbehavior Dlife【答案】 D 根据最后一段并联系全文可知，此处指 Loomis 彻底改变了 Deon 和他养父母的人生 (life)。.语法填空(2019江西八所重点中学联考)My wife is addicted to shopping on the Internet._1_ seems that she cant control herself well，just clicking constantly with the mouse.Let me tell you what happened last night.It was the fourt
43、h time she _2_(shop)online for hours.I had already reminded her _3_(think)twice before buying anything，but my wife ignored what I said and replied confidently，“With the New Year _4_(approach)，preparation is necessary._5_，I havent bought things on the Internet for a whole week.”Hearing her words，I wa
44、s really speechless.In most cases， the things she bought arent good value for money.Maybe she just enjoys _6_ process of buying online.Nowadays，_7_ the development of technology，online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.Those _8_ stay at home can buy whatever they want.In the meanwhile，it
45、 causes a series of _9_(problem)One of them is more spending than before，because people are _10_(easy)attracted by the discount.So how to keep a good state of mind in front of temptation(诱惑 )is an important lesson many people need to learn.【语篇解读】 作者的妻子沉溺于网购，常花冤枉钱，且不听作者的提醒和劝诫。可见，网购给人们的生活带来便利的同时，也带来了一
46、些问题。1【答案】 It 考查代词及固定句式。It seems that. 表示“似乎”，为固定句式。2【答案】 had shopped 考查过去完成时。It was the first/second.time that sb.had done sth.表示“ 是某人第一/二次做某事”。3【答案】 to think 考查非谓语动词。remind sb.to do sth.表示“提醒某人做某事”。4【答案】 approaching 考查现在分词。此处为 “with宾语宾补”的复合结构，因为宾语 the New Year 与宾补所用动词 approach 构成主谓关系，所以应使用现在分词作宾补，故
47、填 approaching。5【答案】 Besides 考查副词。此处是作者的妻子在陈述自己网购的又一个理由，所以应填入 Besides。注意：此处并无转折关系，不能填入However。6【答案】 the 考查冠词。此处表示“网购的过程”，为特指，因此填入定冠词 the。7【答案】 with 考查介词。with the development of. 表示“随着的发展”，为固定短语。8【答案】 who 考查定语从句。该句的先行词为 Those，此处是指人的不定代词，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以填入 who。9【答案】 problems 考查名词的数。根据空格前的“a series of”及下文中的“One of them is”可知，此处名词应使用复数形式。10【答案】 easily 考查词性转换。因修饰谓语动词，作状语，所以应用副词。.书面表达(2019山师大附中模拟 )假设你是李华，在互联网上看到英国高中生 David 登的一则启事：希望结识一位中国朋友，以便学习中国的语言、文化。请你用英文给 David 发一封电子邮件，主要内容包括：1你怎样得知 David 的愿望的；2你愿意成为他的朋友；3你打算如何帮助他；4你盼望他的回复。注意：1.电子邮件的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数；2词数 100 左右。Dear David，Ive learned_